Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου

Παρασκευή 30 Σεπτεμβρίου 2016

Effects of Semont maneuver on benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a meta-analysis.

Effects of Semont maneuver on benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a meta-analysis.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Aug 12;:1-8

Authors: Zhang X, Qian X, Lu L, Chen J, Liu J, Lin C, Gao X

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common type of peripheral vertigo. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the Semont maneuver (SM) for BPPV treatment, compared with other methods.
METHODS: Studies were selected in relevant databases under pre-defined criteria up to June 2015. The Cochrane evaluation system was used to assess the quality of the studies. Effect size was indicated as a risk-ratio (RR) with corresponding 95% confidential interval (CI). Statistical analysis was conducted under a randomized- or fixed-effects model. Sub-group analysis was performed.
RESULTS: Ten studies were included in the meta-analysis. All of the studies presented a low attrition bias, but a high selection and reporting bias. SM had a much higher recovery rate (SM vs no treatment: RR = 2.60, 95% CI = 1.97-3.44, p < 0.01; SM vs sham: RR = 4.89, 95% CI = 3.01-7.94, p < 0.01), and lower recurrence rate than those from controls (SM vs no treatment: RR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.04-0.31, p < 0.01). Overall, SM had similar outcomes with Epley maneuver (EM) and Brandt-Daroff exercise (BDE) in terms of recovery rate, recurrence rate, and side-effects.
CONCLUSION: SM is as effective as EM and BDE for BPPV treatment.

PMID: 27683970 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Carbetocin versus oxytocin in the management of atonic post partum haemorrhage (PPH) after vaginal delivery: a randomised controlled trial.

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Carbetocin versus oxytocin in the management of atonic post partum haemorrhage (PPH) after vaginal delivery: a randomised controlled trial.

Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2016 May;293(5):993-9

Authors: Maged AM, Hassan AM, Shehata NA

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness and safety of carbetocin vs. oxytocin in the management of atonic post partum haemorrhage (PPH) after vaginal delivery.
METHODS: A prospective randomised study was conducted in which 100 pregnant women were randomised into 2 equal groups: group 1 received Carbetocin 100 µgm (Pabal(®) Ferring, UK) and group 2 received oxytocin 5 IU (Syntocinon(®), Novartis, Switzerland).
RESULTS: The amount of blood loss and the need for other uterotonics were significantly lower in the carbetocin group (811 ± 389.17 vs. 1010 ± 525.66 and 10/50 vs. 21/50). There was no significant difference between the carbetocin and oxytocin groups regarding occurrence of major PPH (6 vs. 11), the need for blood transfusion (6 vs. 9), the difference between blood haemoglobin levels before delivery and 24 h after delivery (0.6 ± 0.28 vs. 0.56 ± 0.25), respectively. There was no significant difference between the 2 study groups regarding both systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured immediately after the drug administration and at 30 and 60 min later. Regarding the drugs side effects, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the occurrence of nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, flushing, dizziness, headache, shivering, metallic taste, dyspnea, palpitations and itching.
CONCLUSIONS: Carbetocin is a better alternative to oxytocin in management of atonic PPH with non-significant hemodynamic changes or side effects .

PMID: 26511939 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]



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Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 3, 4, and 5 induces endolymphatic hydrops in mouse inner ear, as evaluated with repeated 9.4T MRI.

Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 3, 4, and 5 induces endolymphatic hydrops in mouse inner ear, as evaluated with repeated 9.4T MRI.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Aug 15;:1-8

Authors: Degerman E, In 't Zandt R, Pålbrink A, Eliasson L, Cayé-Thomasen P, Magnusson M

Abstract
CONCLUSION: The data indicate important roles for phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3, 4, 5, and related cAMP and cGMP pools in the regulation of inner ear fluid homeostasis. Thus, dysfunction of these enzymes might contribute to pathologies of the inner ear.
OBJECTIVE: The mechanisms underlying endolymphatic hydrops, a hallmark of inner ear dysfunction, are not known in detail; however, altered balance in cAMP and cGMP signaling systems appears to be involved. Key components of these systems are PDEs, enzymes that modulate the amplitude, duration, termination, and specificity of cAMP and cGMP signaling.
METHOD: To evaluate the role of PDE3, 4, and 5 and associated cAMP and cGMP pools in inner ear function, the effect of cilostamide (PDE3 inhibitor), rolipram (PDE4 inhibitor), and sildenafil (PDE5 inhibitor), administrated via mini-osmotic pumps, on mouse inner ear fluid homeostasis was evaluated using 9.4T in vivo MRI in combination with intraperitoneally administered Gadolinium contrast. Also, using human saccule as a model, the expression of PDEs and related signaling molecules and targets was studied using immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: PDE3, PDE4, as well as PDE5 inhibitors resulted in the development of endolymphatic hydrops. Furthermore, PDE3B, PDE4D, and some related signaling components were shown to be expressed in the human saccule.

PMID: 27685753 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Evaluation of gender-specific aspects in quality-of-life in patients with larynx carcinoma.

Evaluation of gender-specific aspects in quality-of-life in patients with larynx carcinoma.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Aug 9;:1-5

Authors: Tan S, Duong Dinh TA, Westhofen M

Abstract
CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that gender-specific differences in health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) exist in patients with larynx carcinoma. In previous studies these differences might have been concealed by predominantly male subject groups. Future studies should consider a gender-specific analysis that suits the patient's idiosyncrasies associated with laryngeal cancer.
OBJECTIVES: There is little research concerning gender differences in quality-of-life (QoL) in patients with larynx carcinoma. Since laryngeal cancer is predominantly found in males, most studies examining HRQoL are based on a mainly male subject group. HRQoL needs to be assessed to determine the impact of disease and treatment and to evaluate possible treatment regimes. This study examined gender differences concerning HRQoL in 53 patients using EORTC QLQ-C30, and QLQ-H&N35 questionnaires.
METHODS: Patients treated with larynx carcinoma were given two questionnaires to assess HRQoL. The questionnaires were analyzed for each sex separately, as well as for the entire population.
RESULTS: Female patients report significantly worse HRQoL than males. Age could not be identified as a significant predictor for HRQoL when males and females were analyzed together, and does not significantly predict HRQoL in men. However, age was found to be a significant predictor for HRQoL when only females were analyzed.

PMID: 27685601 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Facial reanimation using hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis after schwannoma removal.

Facial reanimation using hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis after schwannoma removal.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Aug 12;:1-7

Authors: Han JH, Suh MJ, Kim JW, Cho HS, Moon IS

Abstract
CONCLUSION: In this series, the split type hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis resulted in more favorable outcomes in terms of both facial function and tongue atrophy.
OBJECTIVE: This study compared surgical techniques for hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis after schwannoma removal and evaluated which technique achieves better facial outcomes and less tongue morbidity.
METHOD: This study included 14 patients who underwent hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis after schwannoma removal and were followed for more than 1 year. Three surgical techniques were performed: end-to-end, end-to-side, and split anastomoses. Facial palsy and tongue atrophy after anastomosis were evaluated using the scales suggested by House-Brackmann and Martins, respectively. Tumor volume and the time to surgery were also evaluated, and the effects on facial outcomes were analyzed.
RESULTS: Overall, nine of 14 (64.3%) patients had favorable facial outcomes, and eight of 14 (57.1%) had favorable tongue outcomes. Regarding facial palsy, five of seven (71.4%) end-to-end, three of four (75%) split, and only one of three (33.3%) end-to-side patients had favorable facial function. Regarding tongue atrophy, all three (100%) end-to-side, three of four (75%) split, and two of seven (28.6%) end-to-end patients had favorable tongue outcomes. The effects of tumor volume and time to surgery on facial outcome were not significant.

PMID: 27684271 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Investigation of resectability degree for adenoidal surgery in OSA children with the method of computational fluid dynamics.

Investigation of resectability degree for adenoidal surgery in OSA children with the method of computational fluid dynamics.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Aug 9;:1-4

Authors: Hu C, Han D, Zhou B, Zhang L, Li Y, Zang H, Li L

Abstract
CONCLUSION: From aspect of fluid dynamics, expanding patients' nasopharyngeal coronal-sectional area to 48.3-54.7% of normal area will bring the airflow velocity back to normal in adenoidal hypertrophy children. It might provide a suggestion for adenoidectomy range selection and whether total resection is necessary.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the nasopharyngeal airflow characteristics in pediatric OSA patients with adenoidal hypertrophy, and to explore the proper resection range for adenoidectomy Method: Nine OSA patients and four normal children were recruited. The CT scans of their upper airway were collected and used to construct three dimensional models for fluid dynamics analysis. Using computational fluid dynamics, indices such as velocity, pressure, and coronal-sectional area were calculated.
RESULTS: Compared with the normal, the OSA children showed three characteristics in nasopharyngeal: the airflow velocity was significantly higher (p < 0.05), the coronal-sectional area was significantly smaller (p < 0.01), while pressure showed no difference (p > 0.05). In a study of the relationship between velocity and coronal-sectional area, this study investigates different coronal-sectional areas from 30-300 mm(2). It was found that, when patients' nasopharyngeal coronal-sectional area was expanded over 155-170 mm(2), namely 48.3-54.7% of normal area, airflow velocity in nasopharyngeal showed no difference than normal.

PMID: 27684180 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Effects of Semont maneuver on benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a meta-analysis.

Effects of Semont maneuver on benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a meta-analysis.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Aug 12;:1-8

Authors: Zhang X, Qian X, Lu L, Chen J, Liu J, Lin C, Gao X

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common type of peripheral vertigo. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the Semont maneuver (SM) for BPPV treatment, compared with other methods.
METHODS: Studies were selected in relevant databases under pre-defined criteria up to June 2015. The Cochrane evaluation system was used to assess the quality of the studies. Effect size was indicated as a risk-ratio (RR) with corresponding 95% confidential interval (CI). Statistical analysis was conducted under a randomized- or fixed-effects model. Sub-group analysis was performed.
RESULTS: Ten studies were included in the meta-analysis. All of the studies presented a low attrition bias, but a high selection and reporting bias. SM had a much higher recovery rate (SM vs no treatment: RR = 2.60, 95% CI = 1.97-3.44, p < 0.01; SM vs sham: RR = 4.89, 95% CI = 3.01-7.94, p < 0.01), and lower recurrence rate than those from controls (SM vs no treatment: RR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.04-0.31, p < 0.01). Overall, SM had similar outcomes with Epley maneuver (EM) and Brandt-Daroff exercise (BDE) in terms of recovery rate, recurrence rate, and side-effects.
CONCLUSION: SM is as effective as EM and BDE for BPPV treatment.

PMID: 27683970 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Aspirating and Nonaspirating Swallow Sounds in Children: A Pilot Study.

Aspirating and Nonaspirating Swallow Sounds in Children: A Pilot Study.

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2016 Sep 28;

Authors: Frakking T, Chang A, O'Grady K, David M, Weir K

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cervical auscultation (CA) may be used to complement feeding/swallowing evaluations when assessing for aspiration. There are no published pediatric studies that compare the properties of sounds between aspirating and nonaspirating swallows.
AIM: To establish acoustic and perceptual profiles of aspirating and nonaspirating swallow sounds and determine if a difference exists between these 2 swallowing types.
METHODS: Aspiration sound clips were obtained from recordings using CA simultaneously undertaken with videofluoroscopic swallow study. Aspiration was determined using the Penetration-Aspiration Scale. The presence of perceptual swallow/breath parameters was rated by 2 speech pathologists who were blinded to the type of swallow. Acoustic data between groups were compared using Mann Whitney U-tests, while perceptual differences were determined by a test of 2 proportions. Combinations of perceptual parameters of 50 swallows (27 aspiration, 23 no aspiration) from 47 children (57% male) were statistically analyzed using area under a receiver operating characteristic (aROC), sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values to determine predictors of aspirating swallows.
RESULTS: The combination of post-swallow presence of wet breathing and wheeze and absence of GRS and normal breathing was the best predictor of aspiration (aROC = 0.82, 95% CI, 0.70-0.94). There were no significant differences between these 2 swallow types for peak frequency, duration, and peak amplitude.
CONCLUSION: Our pilot study has shown that certain characteristics of swallow obtained using CA may be useful in the prediction of aspiration. However, further research comparing the acoustic swallowing sound profiles of normal children to children with dysphagia (who are aspirating) on a larger scale is required.

PMID: 27683588 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Influence of preoperative pain in the success rate of indirect pulp capping: a retrospective study.

Influence of preoperative pain in the success rate of indirect pulp capping: a retrospective study.

Minerva Stomatol. 2016 Sep 29;

Authors: Moura-Netto C, Tedesco TK, Werner S, Volpi Mello-Moura AC, Prócida Raggio D

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The association of preoperative pain and indirect pulp treatment in permanent teeth is still unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of preoperative pain in the success rate of indirect pulp treatment.
METHODS: The sample of this retrospective study was constituted for 133 teeth treated in a Private clinic in Joinvile, Brazil, by one experienced dentist between 2007 and 2012. Data related to clinical and demographic variables that could influence in the success rate of indirect pulp capping were also collected, such patient age and sex, type of teeth and arch. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the association between preoperative pain with postoperative one and success of the treatment. Logistic regression was performed to identify significant clinical and demographical factors associated with the success of the indirect pulp capping.
RESULTS: The overall success rate was 100% in the absence of preoperative pain. However, when the preoperative pain was present, the failure rate was 18.3%. Statistical analysis showed significant association between preoperative pain and postoperative one and failure rate of the indirect pulp capping. The other independent variables were not associated with the success rate of the treatment.
CONCLUSION: The presence of preoperative pain is associated with the decrease of the success rate of indirect pulp capping.

PMID: 27681361 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Site-specific methylation patterns of the GAL and GALR1/2 genes in head and neck cancer: Potential utility as biomarkers for prognosis.

Site-specific methylation patterns of the GAL and GALR1/2 genes in head and neck cancer: Potential utility as biomarkers for prognosis.

Mol Carcinog. 2016 Sep 29;

Authors: Misawa K, Mochizuki D, Endo S, Mima M, Misawa Y, Imai A, Shinmura K, Kanazawa T, Carey TE, Mineta H

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of the promoter methylation status of galanin (GAL) and galanin receptor 1/2 (GALR1/2) by assessing their association with disease-free survival and known prognostic factors in head and neck cancer.
METHODS: We generated methylation profiles of GAL and GALR1/2 in tumor samples obtained from 202 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); these included 43 hypopharynx, 42 larynx, 59 oral cavity, and 58 oropharynx tumor samples. CpG island hypermethylation status of the 3 genes was analyzed using quantitative methylation-specific PCR (Q-MSP). In order to determine the prognostic value of the methylation status of these genes, the associations between methylation index and various clinical characteristics, especially tumor site, were assessed for tumors from patients with HNSCC.
RESULTS: The methylation index was positively correlated with female gender (P = 0.008) and disease recurrence (P = 0.01) in oral cancer and human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive (P = 0.004) status and disease recurrence (P = 0.005) in oropharyngeal cancer. Among patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer, promoter hypermethylation of GAL, GALR1, or GALR2 was statistically correlated with a decrease in disease-free survival (log-rank test, P = 0.036 and P = 0.042, respectively). Furthermore, methylation of GAL, GALR1, or GALR2 exhibited the highest association with poor survival (log-rank test, P = 0.018) in patients with HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancers.
CONCLUSIONS: As such, GAL and GALR1/2 methylation status may serve as an important site-specific biomarker for prediction of clinical outcome in patients with HNSCC. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID: 27685843 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Evaluation of gender-specific aspects in quality-of-life in patients with larynx carcinoma.

Evaluation of gender-specific aspects in quality-of-life in patients with larynx carcinoma.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Aug 9;:1-5

Authors: Tan S, Duong Dinh TA, Westhofen M

Abstract
CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that gender-specific differences in health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) exist in patients with larynx carcinoma. In previous studies these differences might have been concealed by predominantly male subject groups. Future studies should consider a gender-specific analysis that suits the patient's idiosyncrasies associated with laryngeal cancer.
OBJECTIVES: There is little research concerning gender differences in quality-of-life (QoL) in patients with larynx carcinoma. Since laryngeal cancer is predominantly found in males, most studies examining HRQoL are based on a mainly male subject group. HRQoL needs to be assessed to determine the impact of disease and treatment and to evaluate possible treatment regimes. This study examined gender differences concerning HRQoL in 53 patients using EORTC QLQ-C30, and QLQ-H&N35 questionnaires.
METHODS: Patients treated with larynx carcinoma were given two questionnaires to assess HRQoL. The questionnaires were analyzed for each sex separately, as well as for the entire population.
RESULTS: Female patients report significantly worse HRQoL than males. Age could not be identified as a significant predictor for HRQoL when males and females were analyzed together, and does not significantly predict HRQoL in men. However, age was found to be a significant predictor for HRQoL when only females were analyzed.

PMID: 27685601 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Head and Neck Margin Reduction With Adaptive Radiation Therapy: Robustness of Treatment Plans Against Anatomy Changes.

Head and Neck Margin Reduction With Adaptive Radiation Therapy: Robustness of Treatment Plans Against Anatomy Changes.

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2016 Nov 1;96(3):653-60

Authors: van Kranen S, Hamming-Vrieze O, Wolf A, Damen E, van Herk M, Sonke JJ

Abstract
PURPOSE: We set out to investigate loss of target coverage from anatomy changes in head and neck cancer patients as a function of applied safety margins and to verify a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based adaptive strategy with an average patient anatomy to overcome possible target underdosage.
METHODS AND MATERIALS: For 19 oropharyngeal cancer patients, volumetric modulated arc therapy treatment plans (2 arcs; simultaneous integrated boost, 70 and 54.25 Gy; 35 fractions) were automatically optimized with uniform clinical target volume (CTV)-to-planning target volume margins of 5, 3, and 0 mm. We applied b-spline CBCT-to-computed tomography (CT) deformable registration to allow recalculation of the dose on modified CT scans (planning CT deformed to daily CBCT following online positioning) and dose accumulation in the planning CT scan. Patients with deviations in primary or elective CTV coverage >2 Gy were identified as candidates for adaptive replanning. For these patients, a single adaptive intervention was simulated with an average anatomy from the first 10 fractions.
RESULTS: Margin reduction from 5 mm to 3 mm to 0 mm generally led to an organ-at-risk (OAR) mean dose (Dmean) sparing of approximately 1 Gy/mm. CTV shrinkage was mainly seen in the elective volumes (up to 10%), likely related to weight loss. Despite online repositioning, substantial systematic errors were present (>3 mm) in lymph node CTV, the parotid glands, and the larynx. Nevertheless, the average increase in OAR dose was small: maximum of 1.2 Gy (parotid glands, Dmean) for all applied margins. Loss of CTV coverage >2 Gy was found in 1, 3, and 7 of 73 CTVs, respectively. Adaptive intervention in 0-mm plans substantially improved coverage: in 5 of 7 CTVs (in 6 patients) to <2 Gy of initially planned.
CONCLUSIONS: Volumetric modulated arc therapy head and neck cancer treatment plans with 5-mm margins are robust for anatomy changes and show a modest increase in OAR dose. Margin reduction improves OAR sparing with approximately 1 Gy/mm at the expense of target coverage in a subgroup of patients. Patients at risk of CTV underdosage >2 Gy in 0-mm plans may be identified early in treatment using dose accumulation. A single intervention with an average anatomy derived from CBCT effectively mitigates discrepancies.

PMID: 27681762 [PubMed - in process]



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Methods for Reducing Normal Tissue Complication Probabilities in Oropharyngeal Cancer: Dose Reduction or Planning Target Volume Elimination.

Methods for Reducing Normal Tissue Complication Probabilities in Oropharyngeal Cancer: Dose Reduction or Planning Target Volume Elimination.

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2016 Nov 1;96(3):645-52

Authors: Samuels SE, Eisbruch A, Vineberg K, Lee J, Lee C, Matuszak MM, Ten Haken RK, Brock KK

Abstract
PURPOSE: Strategies to reduce the toxicities of head and neck radiation (ie, dysphagia [difficulty swallowing] and xerostomia [dry mouth]) are currently underway. However, the predicted benefit of dose and planning target volume (PTV) reduction strategies is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to compare the normal tissue complication probabilities (NTCP) for swallowing and salivary structures in standard plans (70 Gy [P70]), dose-reduced plans (60 Gy [P60]), and plans eliminating the PTV margin.
METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 38 oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) plans were analyzed. Standard organ-sparing volumetric modulated arc therapy plans (P70) were created and then modified by eliminating the PTVs and treating the clinical tumor volumes (CTVs) only (C70) or maintaining the PTV but reducing the dose to 60 Gy (P60). NTCP dose models for the pharyngeal constrictors, glottis/supraglottic larynx, parotid glands (PGs), and submandibular glands (SMGs) were analyzed. The minimal clinically important benefit was defined as a mean change in NTCP of >5%. The P70 NTCP thresholds and overlap percentages of the organs at risk with the PTVs (56-59 Gy, vPTV56) were evaluated to identify the predictors for NTCP improvement.
RESULTS: With the P60 plans, only the ipsilateral PG (iPG) benefited (23.9% vs 16.2%; P<.01). With the C70 plans, only the iPG (23.9% vs 17.5%; P<.01) and contralateral SMG (cSMG) (NTCP 32.1% vs 22.9%; P<.01) benefited. An iPG NTCP threshold of 20% and 30% predicted NTCP benefits for the P60 and C70 plans, respectively (P<.001). A cSMG NTCP threshold of 30% predicted for an NTCP benefit with the C70 plans (P<.001). Furthermore, for the iPG, a vPTV56 >13% predicted benefit with P60 (P<.001) and C70 (P=.002). For the cSMG, a vPTV56 >22% predicted benefit with C70 (P<.01).
CONCLUSIONS: PTV elimination and dose-reduction lowered the NTCP of the iPG, and PTV elimination lowered the NTCP of the cSMG. NTCP thresholds and the percentage of overlap of the PTV with organs at risk can predict which patients will benefit and inform future clinical trial design.

PMID: 27681761 [PubMed - in process]



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Stroke After Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer: What Is the Risk?

Stroke After Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer: What Is the Risk?

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2016 Nov 1;96(3):589-96

Authors: Arthurs E, Hanna TP, Zaza K, Peng Y, Hall SF

Abstract
PURPOSE: A retrospective population-based cohort study was conducted to determine the risk of ischemic stroke with respect to time, associated with curative radiation therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC).
METHODS AND MATERIALS: On the basis of data from the Ontario Cancer Registry and regional cancer treatment centers, 14,069 patients were identified with diagnoses of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, larynx, and pharynx who were treated for cure between 1990 and 2010. Hazards of stroke and time to stroke were examined, accounting for the competing risk of death. Stroke risk factors identified through diagnostic and procedural administrative codes were adjusted for in the comparison between treatment regimens, which included surgery alone versus radiation therapy alone and surgery alone versus any exposure to radiation therapy.
RESULTS: Overall, 6% of patients experienced an ischemic stroke after treatment, with 5% experiencing a stroke after surgery, 8% after radiation therapy alone, and 6% after any exposure to radiation therapy. The cause-specific hazard ratios of ischemic stroke after radiation therapy alone and after any exposure to radiation therapy compared with surgery were 1.70 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.41-2.05) and 1.46 (95% CI: 1.23-1.73), respectively, after adjustment for stroke risk factors, patient factors, and disease-related factors.
CONCLUSIONS: Radiation therapy was associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke compared with surgery alone: for both radiation therapy alone and after all treatment modalities that included any radiation treatment were combined. Because of a shift toward a younger HNSCC patient population, our results speak to the need for adequate follow-up and survivorship care among patients who have been treated with radiation therapy. Advances in treatment that minimize chronic morbidity also require further evaluation.

PMID: 27681754 [PubMed - in process]



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Single transverse extended incision for radical neck dissection.

Single transverse extended incision for radical neck dissection.

Rev Col Bras Cir. 2016 Jul-Aug;43(4):270-5

Authors: Chagas JF, Pascoal MB, Aquino JL, Brandi LA, Previtale EV, Trillo AS, Curioni OA, Rapoport A, Dedivitis RA

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: to assess the efficacy of the single transverse extended cervical incision in radical neck dissection.
METHOD: we conducted a prospective study, from January 2008 to January 2009, with 18 patients undergoing surgical treatment of malignant tumors of the upper aero-digestive tract. The primary lesion was located in the oral cavity in eight cases, in the oropharynx in three, in the hypopharynx in three, in the larynx in two, in the maxillary sinus, and in one case, the primary injury was hidden. There were 29 neck dissections, eight bilateral and 10 unilateral (26 radical and three selective). Staging revealed nine patients with T4 tumor, one T3, six T2, one T1 and one Tx. Five patients were N0, nine N2b, one N2c and three N3. The average number of dissected lymph nodes was 34.25. We performed the neck dissection through a single incision located in the middle neck, coincident with the skinfold, with a length of about 2 to 3 cm behind the anterior edge of the trapezius muscle and 3 to 4 cm from the midline for the unilateral neck dissections.
RESULTS: as complications, there were myocutaneous flap necrosis in one patient with prior radiation therapy, one lymphatic fistula, one dehiscence of the tracheostomy, one cervical abscess, one salivary fistula and one suture dehiscence.
CONCLUSIONS: the single extended incision provides adequate exposure of the neck structures, without compromising surgical time, even in bilateral dissections. It does not compromise the resection of all cervical lymph nodes; it has excellent aesthetic and functional results and is easily associated with other approaches to resection of the primary tumor.
OBJETIVO: verificar a eficácia da incisão cervical única, transversa e estendida, para o esvaziamento cervical radical.
M?TODO: estudo prospectivo, de janeiro de 2008 a janeiro de 2009, de 18 pacientes submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico de tumores malignos da via aero-digestiva superior. A lesão primária se situava na cavidade oral em oito casos, na orofaringe em três, no seio piriforme em três, na laringe em dois, no seio maxilar em um e em um caso a lesão primária era oculta. Houve 29 esvaziamentos, sendo oito bilaterais e 10 unilaterais (26 radicais e três seletivos). O estadiamento revelou nove pacientes com tumor T4, um T3, seis T2, um T1 e um Tx. Cinco pacientes eram N0, nove N2b, um N2c e três N3. A média de linfonodos dissecados foi de 34,25. O esvaziamento cervical foi realizado por meio de uma única incisão localizada no terço médio do pescoço, coincidente com dobra cutânea, com extensão de cerca de 2 a 3 cm para trás da borda anterior do músculo trapézio e 3 a 4 cm da linha média para os esvaziamentos cervicais unilaterais.
RESULTADOS: como complicações houve necrose de retalho miocutâneo em um paciente com radioterapia prévia, uma fistula linfática, uma deiscência do traqueostoma, um abscesso cervical, uma fístula salivar e uma deiscência de sutura.
CONCLUS?ES: a incisão única e estendida proporciona exposição adequada das estruturas do pescoço, sem comprometer o tempo cirúrgico, mesmo em esvaziamentos bilaterais. Não compromete a ressecção de todos os linfonodos cervicais, apresenta excelentes resultados estéticos e funcionais e é facilmente associada com outras abordagens para ressecção do tumor primário.

PMID: 27679947 [PubMed - in process]



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Safety of paediatric day-stay laryngeal surgery for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.

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Safety of paediatric day-stay laryngeal surgery for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Mar;82:116-9

Authors: Gruber M, Mills N, Blair D, Van Der Meer G, Mahadevan M

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Safety assessment of day-stay laryngeal surgery in a cohort of children with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a chronic debilitating disease which usually requires multiple recurrent interventions under general anaesthesia. Day-stay surgery is an attractive option as it allows avoiding the inconvenience and costs of routine overnight admissions while recovering in the safe environment of the family home. This is the first study to assess the safety of day-stay laryngeal surgery in this cohort of patients.
METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of all consecutive RRP procedures performed between December 1998 and May 2015 in a single paediatric tertiary-level hospital.
RESULTS: A total of 465 surgical procedures were performed in 20 patients. Average age on diagnosis was 4.5 years. 415 (89.25%) of the procedures were done as day cases without overnight admission. Average number of procedures per patient was 20 and 25 for Children positive to HPV6 and HPV11, respectively. Only one patient after one single procedure (presenting 0.21% of total procedures, 0.24% of day-stay procedures) represented after discharge.
CONCLUSIONS: Day-stay surgery for children with RRP has a favourable safety profile in selected cases.

PMID: 26857327 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]



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The role of larygotracheal reconstruction in the management of recurrent croup in patients with subglottic stenosis.

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The role of larygotracheal reconstruction in the management of recurrent croup in patients with subglottic stenosis.

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Mar;82:78-80

Authors: Siegel B, Thottam P, Mehta D

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To determine the role of laryngotracheal reconstruction for recurrent croup and evaluate surgical outcomes in this cohort of patients.
METHODS: Retrospective chart review at a tertiary care pediatric hospital.
RESULTS: Six patients who underwent laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) for recurrent croup with underlying subglottic stenosis were identified through a search of our IRB-approved airway database. At the time of diagnostic bronchoscopy, all 6 patients had grade 2 subglottic stenosis. All patients were treated for reflux and underwent esophageal biopsies at the time of diagnostic bronchoscopy; 1 patient had eosinophilic esophagitis which was treated. All patients had a history of at least 3 episodes of croup in a 1 year period requiring multiple hospital admissions. Average age at the time of LTR was 39 months (range 13-69); 5 patients underwent anterior graft only and 1 patient underwent anterior and posterior grafts. Patients were intubated for an average of 5 (range 3-8) days and hospitalized for an average of 12 (range 7-20) days post-operatively. One patient experienced narcotic withdrawal post-operatively, but there were no other post-operative complications. All patients underwent follow-up airway endoscopy within 4 weeks and none required any further dilation procedures. Average post-operative follow-up was 24 months (range 10-48) and none of the patients experienced any further episodes of croup.
CONCLUSIONS: Single stage LTR is a safe and effective treatment for recurrent croup in the setting of underlying subglottic stenosis, and should be considered in patients who are refractory to medical management.

PMID: 26857320 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]



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Conjunctival Goblet Cell Function: Effect of Contact Lens Wear and Cytokines.

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Conjunctival Goblet Cell Function: Effect of Contact Lens Wear and Cytokines.

Eye Contact Lens. 2016 Mar;42(2):83-90

Authors: García-Posadas L, Contreras-Ruiz L, Soriano-Romaní L, Dartt DA, Diebold Y

Abstract
This review focuses on conjunctival goblet cells and their essential function in the maintenance of eye health. The main function of goblet cells is to produce and secrete mucins that lubricate the ocular surface. An excess or a defect in those mucins leads to several alterations that makes goblet cells central players in maintaining the proper mucin balance and ensuring the correct function of ocular surface tissues. A typical pathology that occurs with mucous deficiency is dry eye disease, whereas the classical example of mucous hyperproduction is allergic conjunctivitis. In this review, we analyze how goblet cell number and function can be altered in these diseases and in contact lens (CL) wearers. We found that most published studies focused exclusively on the goblet cell number. However, recent advances have demonstrated that, along with mucin secretion, goblet cells are also able to secrete cytokines and respond to them. We describe the effect of different cytokines on goblet cell proliferation and secretion. We conclude that it is important to further explore the effect of CL wear and cytokines on conjunctival goblet cell function.

PMID: 26067396 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]



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Clinical Management of Children with Cochlear Implants.

Clinical Management of Children with Cochlear Implants.

Cochlear Implants Int. 2016 Sep 29;:1

Authors: Graham J

PMID: 27682416 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Stimulation from Cochlear Implant Electrodes Assists with Recovery from Asymmetric Perceptual Tilt: Evidence from the Subjective Visual Vertical Test.

Stimulation from Cochlear Implant Electrodes Assists with Recovery from Asymmetric Perceptual Tilt: Evidence from the Subjective Visual Vertical Test.

Front Integr Neurosci. 2016;10:32

Authors: Gnanasegaram JJ, Parkes WJ, Cushing SL, McKnight CL, Papsin BC, Gordon KA

Abstract
Vestibular end organ impairment is highly prevalent in children who have sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) rehabilitated with cochlear implants (CIs). As a result, spatial perception is likely to be impacted in this population. Of particular interest is the perception of visual vertical because it reflects a perceptual tilt in the roll axis and is sensitive to an imbalance in otolith function. The objectives of the present study were thus to identify abnormalities in perception of the vertical plane in children with SNHL and determine whether such abnormalities could be resolved with stimulation from the CI. Participants included 53 children (15.2 ± 4.0 years of age) with SNHL and vestibular loss, confirmed with vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) testing. Testing protocol was validated in a sample of nine young adults with normal hearing (28.8 ± 7.7 years). Perception of visual vertical was assessed using the static Subjective Visual Vertical (SVV) test performed with and without stimulation in the participants with cochleovestibular loss. Trains of electrical pulses were delivered by an electrode in the left and/or right ear. Asymmetric spatial orientation deficits were found in nearly half of the participants with CIs (24/53 [45%]). The abnormal perception in this cohort was exacerbated by visual tilts in the direction of their deficit. Electric pulse trains delivered using the CI shifted this abnormal perception towards center (i.e., normal; p = 0.007). Importantly, this benefit was realized regardless of which ear was stimulated. These results suggest a role for CI stimulation beyond the auditory system, in particular, for improving vestibular/balance function.

PMID: 27679562 [PubMed]



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Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 3, 4, and 5 induces endolymphatic hydrops in mouse inner ear, as evaluated with repeated 9.4T MRI.

Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 3, 4, and 5 induces endolymphatic hydrops in mouse inner ear, as evaluated with repeated 9.4T MRI.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Aug 15;:1-8

Authors: Degerman E, In 't Zandt R, Pålbrink A, Eliasson L, Cayé-Thomasen P, Magnusson M

Abstract
CONCLUSION: The data indicate important roles for phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3, 4, 5, and related cAMP and cGMP pools in the regulation of inner ear fluid homeostasis. Thus, dysfunction of these enzymes might contribute to pathologies of the inner ear.
OBJECTIVE: The mechanisms underlying endolymphatic hydrops, a hallmark of inner ear dysfunction, are not known in detail; however, altered balance in cAMP and cGMP signaling systems appears to be involved. Key components of these systems are PDEs, enzymes that modulate the amplitude, duration, termination, and specificity of cAMP and cGMP signaling.
METHOD: To evaluate the role of PDE3, 4, and 5 and associated cAMP and cGMP pools in inner ear function, the effect of cilostamide (PDE3 inhibitor), rolipram (PDE4 inhibitor), and sildenafil (PDE5 inhibitor), administrated via mini-osmotic pumps, on mouse inner ear fluid homeostasis was evaluated using 9.4T in vivo MRI in combination with intraperitoneally administered Gadolinium contrast. Also, using human saccule as a model, the expression of PDEs and related signaling molecules and targets was studied using immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: PDE3, PDE4, as well as PDE5 inhibitors resulted in the development of endolymphatic hydrops. Furthermore, PDE3B, PDE4D, and some related signaling components were shown to be expressed in the human saccule.

PMID: 27685753 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Evaluation of gender-specific aspects in quality-of-life in patients with larynx carcinoma.

Evaluation of gender-specific aspects in quality-of-life in patients with larynx carcinoma.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Aug 9;:1-5

Authors: Tan S, Duong Dinh TA, Westhofen M

Abstract
CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that gender-specific differences in health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) exist in patients with larynx carcinoma. In previous studies these differences might have been concealed by predominantly male subject groups. Future studies should consider a gender-specific analysis that suits the patient's idiosyncrasies associated with laryngeal cancer.
OBJECTIVES: There is little research concerning gender differences in quality-of-life (QoL) in patients with larynx carcinoma. Since laryngeal cancer is predominantly found in males, most studies examining HRQoL are based on a mainly male subject group. HRQoL needs to be assessed to determine the impact of disease and treatment and to evaluate possible treatment regimes. This study examined gender differences concerning HRQoL in 53 patients using EORTC QLQ-C30, and QLQ-H&N35 questionnaires.
METHODS: Patients treated with larynx carcinoma were given two questionnaires to assess HRQoL. The questionnaires were analyzed for each sex separately, as well as for the entire population.
RESULTS: Female patients report significantly worse HRQoL than males. Age could not be identified as a significant predictor for HRQoL when males and females were analyzed together, and does not significantly predict HRQoL in men. However, age was found to be a significant predictor for HRQoL when only females were analyzed.

PMID: 27685601 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Facial reanimation using hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis after schwannoma removal.

Facial reanimation using hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis after schwannoma removal.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Aug 12;:1-7

Authors: Han JH, Suh MJ, Kim JW, Cho HS, Moon IS

Abstract
CONCLUSION: In this series, the split type hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis resulted in more favorable outcomes in terms of both facial function and tongue atrophy.
OBJECTIVE: This study compared surgical techniques for hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis after schwannoma removal and evaluated which technique achieves better facial outcomes and less tongue morbidity.
METHOD: This study included 14 patients who underwent hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis after schwannoma removal and were followed for more than 1 year. Three surgical techniques were performed: end-to-end, end-to-side, and split anastomoses. Facial palsy and tongue atrophy after anastomosis were evaluated using the scales suggested by House-Brackmann and Martins, respectively. Tumor volume and the time to surgery were also evaluated, and the effects on facial outcomes were analyzed.
RESULTS: Overall, nine of 14 (64.3%) patients had favorable facial outcomes, and eight of 14 (57.1%) had favorable tongue outcomes. Regarding facial palsy, five of seven (71.4%) end-to-end, three of four (75%) split, and only one of three (33.3%) end-to-side patients had favorable facial function. Regarding tongue atrophy, all three (100%) end-to-side, three of four (75%) split, and two of seven (28.6%) end-to-end patients had favorable tongue outcomes. The effects of tumor volume and time to surgery on facial outcome were not significant.

PMID: 27684271 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Investigation of resectability degree for adenoidal surgery in OSA children with the method of computational fluid dynamics.

Investigation of resectability degree for adenoidal surgery in OSA children with the method of computational fluid dynamics.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Aug 9;:1-4

Authors: Hu C, Han D, Zhou B, Zhang L, Li Y, Zang H, Li L

Abstract
CONCLUSION: From aspect of fluid dynamics, expanding patients' nasopharyngeal coronal-sectional area to 48.3-54.7% of normal area will bring the airflow velocity back to normal in adenoidal hypertrophy children. It might provide a suggestion for adenoidectomy range selection and whether total resection is necessary.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the nasopharyngeal airflow characteristics in pediatric OSA patients with adenoidal hypertrophy, and to explore the proper resection range for adenoidectomy Method: Nine OSA patients and four normal children were recruited. The CT scans of their upper airway were collected and used to construct three dimensional models for fluid dynamics analysis. Using computational fluid dynamics, indices such as velocity, pressure, and coronal-sectional area were calculated.
RESULTS: Compared with the normal, the OSA children showed three characteristics in nasopharyngeal: the airflow velocity was significantly higher (p < 0.05), the coronal-sectional area was significantly smaller (p < 0.01), while pressure showed no difference (p > 0.05). In a study of the relationship between velocity and coronal-sectional area, this study investigates different coronal-sectional areas from 30-300 mm(2). It was found that, when patients' nasopharyngeal coronal-sectional area was expanded over 155-170 mm(2), namely 48.3-54.7% of normal area, airflow velocity in nasopharyngeal showed no difference than normal.

PMID: 27684180 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Effects of Semont maneuver on benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a meta-analysis.

Effects of Semont maneuver on benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a meta-analysis.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Aug 12;:1-8

Authors: Zhang X, Qian X, Lu L, Chen J, Liu J, Lin C, Gao X

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common type of peripheral vertigo. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the Semont maneuver (SM) for BPPV treatment, compared with other methods.
METHODS: Studies were selected in relevant databases under pre-defined criteria up to June 2015. The Cochrane evaluation system was used to assess the quality of the studies. Effect size was indicated as a risk-ratio (RR) with corresponding 95% confidential interval (CI). Statistical analysis was conducted under a randomized- or fixed-effects model. Sub-group analysis was performed.
RESULTS: Ten studies were included in the meta-analysis. All of the studies presented a low attrition bias, but a high selection and reporting bias. SM had a much higher recovery rate (SM vs no treatment: RR = 2.60, 95% CI = 1.97-3.44, p < 0.01; SM vs sham: RR = 4.89, 95% CI = 3.01-7.94, p < 0.01), and lower recurrence rate than those from controls (SM vs no treatment: RR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.04-0.31, p < 0.01). Overall, SM had similar outcomes with Epley maneuver (EM) and Brandt-Daroff exercise (BDE) in terms of recovery rate, recurrence rate, and side-effects.
CONCLUSION: SM is as effective as EM and BDE for BPPV treatment.

PMID: 27683970 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Laminoplasty with lateral mass screw fixation for cervical spondylotic myelopathy in patients with athetoid cerebral palsy: A retrospective study.

Laminoplasty with lateral mass screw fixation for cervical spondylotic myelopathy in patients with athetoid cerebral palsy: A retrospective study.

Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Sep;95(39):e5033

Authors: Zhou H, Liu ZJ, Wang SB, Pan SF, Yan M, Zhang FS, Sun Y

Abstract
Although several studies report various treatment solutions for cervical spondylotic myelopathy in patients with athetoid cerebral palsy, long-term follow-up studies are very rare. None of the reported treatment solutions represent a gold standard for this disease owing to the small number of cases and lack of long-term follow-up. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of laminoplasty with lateral mass screw fixation to treat cervical spondylotic myelopathy in patients with athetoid cerebral palsy from a single center.This retrospective study included 15 patients (9 male patients and 6 female patients) with athetoid cerebral palsy who underwent laminoplasty with lateral mass screw fixation for cervical spondylotic myelopathy at our hospital between March 2006 and June 2010. Demographic variables, radiographic parameters, and pre- and postoperative clinical outcomes determined by the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and visual analog scale (VAS) scores were assessed.The mean follow-up time was 80.5 months. Developmental cervical spinal canal stenosis (P = 0.02) and cervical lordosis (P = 0.04) were significantly correlated with lower preoperative modified JOA scores. The mean modified JOA scores increased from 7.97 preoperatively to 12.1 postoperatively (P < 0.01). The mean VAS score decreased from 5.30 to 3.13 (P < 0.01), and the mean NDI score decreased from 31.73 to 19.93 (P < 0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between developmental cervical spinal canal stenosis and recovery rate of the modified JOA score (P = 0.01).Developmental cervical spinal canal stenosis is significantly related to neurological function in patients with athetoid cerebral palsy. Laminoplasty with lateral mass screw fixation is an effective treatment for cervical spondylotic myelopathy in patients with athetoid cerebral palsy and developmental cervical spinal canal stenosis.

PMID: 27684879 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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DEFB1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to recurrent tonsillitis in Italian children.

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DEFB1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to recurrent tonsillitis in Italian children.

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Apr;83:12-5

Authors: Zupin L, Polesello V, Grasso DL, Crovella S, Segat L

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The tonsils are secondary lymphoid organs fundamental for immune system response against pathogens within the oral cavity. Tonsillitis refers to inflammation of the pharyngeal tonsils that may include the adenoids and the lingual tonsils and that can be acute, recurrent, and chronic. Viral or bacterial infections, as well as immunologic factors are the main trigger to tonsillitis and disease's chronicity: the host immune responses, especially the innate one, could play an important role in susceptibility to the disease.
OBJECTIVES: The current study aims at investigating the role of functional polymorphisms in the 5'UTR (c.-52G>A, c.-44G>C and c.-20G>A) of DEFB1 gene, encoding for the antimicrobial peptide human beta-defensin 1, in the predisposition to recurrent tonsillitis in children from North Eastern Italy.
RESULTS: No significant correlation was found between DEFB1 allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies and recurrent tonsillitis susceptibility with the exception of an increased risk to disease development in patients carrying DEFB1 rare haplotypes.
CONCLUSION: Our results may suggest that DEFB1 polymorphisms alone may not influence pathology susceptibility, however they could possibly concur, together with other factors involved in the genetic control of innate immune system, in the predisposition towards recurrent tonsillitis.

PMID: 26968045 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]



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Double nasoseptal flap technique for endonasal pituitary surgery.

Double nasoseptal flap technique for endonasal pituitary surgery.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Sep 28;

Authors: Gode S, Biceroglu H, Turhal G, Erdogan U, Ates MS, Kaya I, Ozgiray E, Midilli R, Karci B

Abstract
Endoscopic endonasal approach has been successfully used for the management of pituitary tumors; however, the loss of septal mucosa especially around sphenoethmoidal recess and posterior nasal septum might be a disadvantage of this technique. The aim of this study is to describe a variation of the endonasal approach, "double nasoseptal flap" technique in endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery, and to evaluate its outcomes. The technique depends on fully harvested bigger nasoseptal flap on one side and smaller on the other. Thirty patients were included. Functional results were assessed by preoperative and postoperative first month visual analogue scale (VAS), and morphology was evaluated by achieving intact septum from the sphenoid ostium to the columella. Sphenoid sinusitis, the presence of synechia and crusting in the sphenoethmoidal recess was also assessed. Mean VAS was 71 and 67 mm preoperatively and postoperatively, respectively (p > 0.01). There were no septal perforations, synechia, and sphenoid sinusitis postoperatively. Three patients had (10 %) crusts on sphenoethmoidal recess on first month postoperatively. Double nasoseptal flap technique has advantages, such as wider exposure during surgery; prepared flaps could be used if needed, better morphological and functional outcomes postoperatively. The technique is safe without any perforations and minimal crusting.

PMID: 27683301 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Catamnesis results of an inpatient neuro-otologic and psychosomatic tinnitus therapy 1-5 years after discharge.

Catamnesis results of an inpatient neuro-otologic and psychosomatic tinnitus therapy 1-5 years after discharge.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Sep 28;

Authors: Schaaf H, Weiß S, Hesse G

Abstract
Treating tinnitus with the resources offered in hospitals can become necessary for patients suffering from complex tinnitus if a high symptom severity, usually accompanied by a corresponding psychosomatic comorbidity, is present. For such costly therapies, for example, the neuro-otologic psychosomatic tinnitus therapy (NPT) examined here, the long-term effect is particularly important; however, reliable catamnesis studies for inpatient treatments are not yet available. Data from 169 (from a total of 327 contacted) inpatients suffering from complex tinnitus were analysed here. To assess the tinnitus stress, the Mini-Tinnitus Questionnaire (Mini-TF12-In German language) according to Hiller and Goebel [1], and for the assessment of the anxiety and depression element, the German version of the Hospitality Anxiety and Depression Score (HADS) [2] were analysed at the start of the therapy, at the end of the therapy and at the earliest 1 year (up to 5 years) after discharge from inpatient treatment. The data were correlated with the current hearing status. In addition, the subjectively perceived effect factors of the therapy as well as the therapies continued outside of hospital were queried. On average, the therapy lasted 39.3 days (SD 13.6) = 5.6 weeks, and the mean of the follow-up time was 38.5 months (12-70 months) (SD 18). The therapy focused on daily neuro-otologic counselling, the improvement of the concrete hearing ability, an audio-therapy as well as frequent individual and group psychotherapy based on neuro-otology. 53.8 % of patients experienced relevant hearing loss (according to WHO criteria) which needed to be treated in addition to tinnitus. Both at the end of the therapy and the follow-up consultation, a significant improvement of the tinnitus stress and a continuing significant improvement of the depression and anxiety element could be achieved in the HADS with high effect levels ranging from 1 to 2.5. Patients who did not improve (n = 7) or even deteriorated (n = 2) demonstrated increased hearing impairment, requiring hearing aids. During the therapy, particularly, the neuro-otologic counselling, the psychotherapy, and the audio-therapy were experienced as effective. After discharge from hospital, especially, the progressive muscle relaxation according to Jacobsen was continued, as well as psychotherapy. With the corresponding symptomatic suffering, an inpatient hospitalisation and tinnitus therapy with neuro-otologic and psychosomatic alignment can achieve medium-to-high-grade therapeutic effects. This requires a disorder-specific approach, which also includes the elements of neuro-otologic counselling, psychotherapy as well as audio-therapy, and the possibility of providing hearing aids and an approach which aims at the continuation of the therapies experienced as helpful.

PMID: 27683300 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the SNOT-22 into Italian.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the SNOT-22 into Italian.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Sep 27;

Authors: Mozzanica F, Preti A, Gera R, Gallo S, Bulgheroni C, Bandi F, Ottaviani F, Castelnuovo P

Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Italian SNOT-22 (I-SNOT-22). The study consisted of five phases: item generation, reliability analysis, normative data generation, validity analysis and responsiveness analysis. The item generation phase followed the five-step, cross-cultural, adaptation process of translation and back-translation. A group of 222 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) were enrolled for the internal consistency analysis. Sixty patients completed the I-SNOT-22 twice, 2 weeks apart, for test-retest reliability analysis. A group of 119 asymptomatic subjects completed the I-SNOT-22 for normative data generation. I-SNOT-22 scores obtained by CRS patients and asymptomatic subjects were compared for validity analysis. I-SNOT-22 scores were correlated with Lund-Mackay and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores in 50 CRS patients for criterion validity analysis. Finally, I-SNOT-22 scores obtained in a group of 59 CRS patients before and after surgical treatment for CRS were compared for responsiveness analysis. All the enrolled subjects managed to complete the I-SNOT-22 without needing any assistance. Internal consistency was satisfactory (α = 0.86). Test-retest reliability was also satisfactory (ICC = 0.85). A significant difference in the I-SNOT-22 scores between the CRS patients and the asymptomatic subjects was found (p < 0.008). Positive significant correlations were found between I-SNOT-22 and VAS scores, while no significant correlations were found between I-SNOT-22 scores and Lund-Mackay scores. I-SNOT-22 scores obtained in the pre-treatment condition were significantly higher than those obtained after surgery. I-SNOT-22 is reliable, valid, responsive to changes in QOL, and recommended for clinical practice and outcome research.

PMID: 27677485 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Oropharyngeal dysphagia in older persons - from pathophysiology to adequate intervention: a review and summary of an international expert meeting.

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Oropharyngeal dysphagia in older persons - from pathophysiology to adequate intervention: a review and summary of an international expert meeting.

Clin Interv Aging. 2016;11:189-208

Authors: Wirth R, Dziewas R, Beck AM, Clavé P, Hamdy S, Heppner HJ, Langmore S, Leischker AH, Martino R, Pluschinski P, Rösler A, Shaker R, Warnecke T, Sieber CC, Volkert D

Abstract
Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) is a highly prevalent and growing condition in the older population. Although OD may cause very severe complications, it is often not detected, explored, and treated. Older patients are frequently unaware of their swallowing dysfunction which is one of the reasons why the consequences of OD, ie, aspiration, dehydration, and malnutrition, are regularly not attributed to dysphagia. Older patients are particularly vulnerable to dysphagia because multiple age-related changes increase the risk of dysphagia. Physicians in charge of older patients should be aware that malnutrition, dehydration, and pneumonia are frequently caused by (unrecognized) dysphagia. The diagnosis is particularly difficult in the case of silent aspiration. In addition to numerous screening tools, videofluoroscopy was the traditional gold standard of diagnosing OD. Recently, the fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing is increasingly utilized because it has several advantages. Besides making a diagnosis, fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing is applied to evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic maneuvers and texture modification of food and liquids. In addition to swallowing training and nutritional interventions, newer rehabilitation approaches of stimulation techniques are showing promise and may significantly impact future treatment strategies.

PMID: 26966356 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]



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[Drug therapy of otorhinolaryngological diseases in pregnancy : An update].

[Drug therapy of otorhinolaryngological diseases in pregnancy : An update].

HNO. 2016 Sep 28;

Authors: Riepl R, Friebe-Hoffmann U

Abstract
The majority of women take at least one form of medication during pregnancy. Due to often discrepant information about the risk assessment of pharmaceuticals during pregnancy, physicians are often beset by uncertainty with respect to prescription and the fear of medicolegal consequences is high. As prospective clinical trials on drug safety during pregnancy are prohibited due to ethical reasons and animal studies are of limited applicability to humans, drug recommendations often only rely on observational data. An objective examination of the topic not only contributes to effective treatment of illnesses in pregnancy but also prevents impairment of fetal outcome by omission of necessary maternal treatment. The aim of this article is to give a structured presentation of medications that can be used during pregnancy for treating medical conditions of the ear, nose and throat, in the sense of practical guidelines.

PMID: 27680545 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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[Simulation in surgical training].

[Simulation in surgical training].

HNO. 2016 Sep 28;

Authors: Nabavi A, Schipper J

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Patient safety during operations hinges on the surgeon's skills and abilities. However, surgical training has come under a variety of restrictions. To acquire dexterity with decreasingly "simple" cases, within the legislative time constraints and increasing expectations for surgical results is the future challenge.
OBJECTIVES: Are there alternatives to traditional master-apprentice learning?
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review and analysis of the development, implementation, and evaluation of surgical simulation are presented.
RESULTS: Simulation, using a variety of methods, most important physical and virtual (computer-generated) models, provides a safe environment to practice basic and advanced skills without endangering patients. These environments have specific strengths and weaknesses.
CONCLUSIONS: Simulations can only serve to decrease the slope of learning curves, but cannot be a substitute for the real situation. Thus, they have to be an integral part of a comprehensive training curriculum. Our surgical societies have to take up that challenge to ensure the training of future generations.

PMID: 27680544 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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[Speech audiometry, speech perception and cognitive functions. German version].

[Speech audiometry, speech perception and cognitive functions. German version].

HNO. 2016 Sep 28;

Authors: Meister H

Abstract
Examination of cognitive functions in the framework of speech perception has recently gained increasing scientific and clinical interest. Especially against the background of age-related hearing impairment and cognitive decline potential new perspectives in terms of better individualisation of auditory diagnosis and rehabilitation might arise. This review addresses the relationships of speech audiometry, speech perception and cognitive functions. It presents models of speech perception, discusses associations of neuropsychological with audiometric outcomes and shows recent efforts to consider cognitive functions with speech audiometry.

PMID: 27680543 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Τετάρτη 28 Σεπτεμβρίου 2016

20th Anniversary JDP-LCD student colloquium a huge success!

The 20th Annual Doctoral Student Colloquium of the SDSU/UCSD Joint Doctoral Program in Language and Communicative Disorders (JDP-LCD), on September 23, 2016, was a big success!

colloquium group photo

Pictured (L-R) are JDP-LCD students who presented research from their 1st and 2nd year doctoral projects: Erin Smolak, Philip Combiths, Brittany Lee, and Gabriela Meade.

 

 

 



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Analysis of Prognostic Factors in Malignant External Otitis.

Analysis of Prognostic Factors in Malignant External Otitis.

Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Sep 27;

Authors: Lee SK, Lee SA, Seon SW, Jung JH, Lee JD, Choi JY, Kim BG

Abstract
Objectives: Malignant external otitis (MEO) is a potentially fatal infection of the external auditory canal, temporal bone, and skull base. Despite treatment with modern antibiotics, MEO can lead to skull base osteomyelitis. Until now, there have been few studies on the prognostic factors of MEO.
Methods: We performed a retrospective study to identify prognostic factors of MEO, and a meta-analysis of other articles investigating MEO. On the basis of disease progression the 28 patients in our study were divided into 'controlled' and 'uncontrolled' groups, consisting of 12 and 16 patients, respectively. We identified three categories of prognostic factors: those related to patient, disease, and treatment. We compared these prognostic factors between the controlled and uncontrolled groups.
Results: In our study, the duration of diabetes mellitus (DM), presence of inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate), and computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging findings influenced the prognosis of MEO. In contrast, prognosis was unrelated to age, gender, mean glucose level, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, pathogen, comorbidity, or cranial nerve involvement. No factor related to treatment modality was correlated with prognosis, such as surgery, steroid therapy, or interval to the first appropriate treatment. Cranial nerve involvement has been proven to be associated with disease progression, but the relationship between cranial nerve involvement and the prognosis of MEO remains controversial. As a part of this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of cranial nerve involvement as a prognostic factor of MEO. We found that cranial nerve involvement has a statistically significant influence on the prognosis of MEO.
Conclusion: We found that glycemic control in diabetes mellitus, cranial nerve involvement, and the extent of disease determined from various imaging modalities influence the prognosis of MEO. We suggest that significant prognostic factors should be monitored to determine the prognosis of patients with MEO.

PMID: 27671716 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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The Efficacy of Fibroblast Growth Factor for the Treatment of Chronic Vocal Fold Scarring: From Animal Model to Clinical Application.

The Efficacy of Fibroblast Growth Factor for the Treatment of Chronic Vocal Fold Scarring: From Animal Model to Clinical Application.

Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Sep 27;

Authors: Ban MJ, Park JH, Kim JW, Park KN, Lee JY, Kim HK, Lee SW

Abstract
Objectives: This study assessed the regenerative efficacy of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) in a rabbit model of chronic vocal fold scarring and then confirmed its utility and safety in a prospective trial of patients with this condition.
Methods: FGF was injected three times, at 1-week intervals, into a chronic vocal fold scar created in a rabbit model. After 1 month, mRNA level of procollagen I, hyaluronic acid synthetase 2 (HAS 2), and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP 2) were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The relative densities of hyaluronic acid (HA) and collagen were examined 3 months post-injection. From April 2012 to September 2014, a prospective clinical trial was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Korea. FGF was injected into the mild vocal fold scar of 17 consecutive patients with a small glottic gap. The patients underwent perceptual, stroboscopic, acoustic aerodynamic test, and Voice Handicap Index (VHI) survey prior to and 3, 6, and 12 months after FGF injection.
Results: FGF injection of the vocal fold scar decreased the density of collagen and increased mRNA level of HAS 2 and MMP 2 expression significantly compared to the control group injected with phosphate buffered solution in a rabbit model (P<0.05). In the clinical trial, significant improvements in the majority of the subjective and objective voice parameters were registered 3 months after FGF injection and were maintained at 12 months. Complications associated with the FGF injections, such as granuloma, were not observed during the follow-up period.
Conclusion: Based on the animal model and the prospective clinical trial, vocal fold injections of FGF in patients with mild chronic vocal fold scarring can significantly improve voice quality for as long as 1 year and without side effects. Our results recommend the use of FGF vocal fold injection as an alternative treatment modality for mild chronic vocal fold scarring.

PMID: 27671715 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Vestibular Neuritis With Minimal Canal Paresis: Characteristics and Clinical Implication.

Vestibular Neuritis With Minimal Canal Paresis: Characteristics and Clinical Implication.

Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Sep 27;

Authors: Kim HJ, Kim DY, Hwang JH, Kim KS

Abstract
Objectives: To analyze the clinical characteristics of vestibular neuritis patients with minimal canal paresis (canal paresis <25%).
Methods: Patients clinically diagnosed with vestibular neuritis and treated at our institute (n=201) underwent otoneurological examination and vestibular function tests. Patients were categorized in terms of the.
Results.: of caloric testing (canal paresis<25%, n=58; canal paresis≥25%, n=143). Clinical characteristics and laboratory outcomes were compared between two groups.
Results: Existence of underlying diseases, preceding symptoms, and direction of spontaneous nystagmus were not different between the groups. The mean duration of spontaneous nystagmus was shortest in the minimal canal paresis group (P<0.001) and the direction of spontaneous nystagmus changed more frequently in this group (P<0.001) during recovery. Among the subgroup with minimal canal paresis, only 29.5% had an abnormal finding on the rotatory chair test, as compared to 81.5% of the canal paresis group. The minimal canal paresis group showed higher sensory organization test scores in computerized dynamic posturography.
Conclusion: Patients with minimal canal paresis (canal paresis <25%) show similar clinical manifestations as conventional vestibular neuritis patients, but have faster recovery of symptoms and a higher incidence of recovery nystagmus. This finding support that the minimal canal paresis could be considered as a milder type of vestibular neuritis.

PMID: 27671714 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Interactive iPhone/iPad App for Increased Tympanic Membrane Familiarity.

Interactive iPhone/iPad App for Increased Tympanic Membrane Familiarity.

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2016 Sep 26;

Authors: Samra S, Wu A, Redleaf M

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Otology relies on clinical examination to teach anatomy of the ear. The purpose of this report is to introduce the Buckingham Virtual Tympanum iPhone app as an adjuvant educational tool to teach the anatomical details of the tympanic membrane (TM).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This app, available free at the Apple Store, was constructed using archival photographs of normal and abnormal TMs, stratified by difficulty. Each image has 4 labeled structures, linked to questions to encourage active learning. Third-year medical students then used the app to familiarize themselves with the TM.
RESULTS: The free app was readily accessible and functioned without technical issues. By being interactive, it forced the user into the role of active learner. This pilot study found that students who used the app understood images of the TM better than those who did not use it.
DISCUSSION: We introduce an interactive, iPhone-based smartphone application that we found to be a useful adjunct for teaching TM anatomy.

PMID: 27670957 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Left paraaortic, inframesenteric lymphadenectomy preserving the superior hypogastric plexus supported by indocyanine green (ICG) labeling of the lymphatic compartment in cervical cancer.

Left paraaortic, inframesenteric lymphadenectomy preserving the superior hypogastric plexus supported by indocyanine green (ICG) labeling of the lymphatic compartment in cervical cancer.

Gynecol Oncol Rep. 2016 Nov;18:14

Authors: Kimmig R, Rusch P, Buderath P, Aktas B

Abstract
Superior hypogastric plexus (SHG) contains mainly sympathetic and most probably also postganglionic parasympathetic fibers. Thus, surgical damage of SHG may cause autonomic pelvic organ dysfunction (Kraima et al., 2015). As already shown for rectal cancer, preservation of the autonomic nerves is facilitated by robotic surgery and may avoid sexual dysfunctions and voiding disorders (Kim et al., 2015). In this educational video, we demonstrate left lower paraaortic lymph node dissection preserving the SHG using ICG fluorescence to label the lymphatic compartment. Prior to total mesometrial resection (TMMR) with therapeutic lymphadenectomy for cervical cancer (Höckel et al., 2009, Kimmig et al., 2013) 4 × 0.5 ml of a 1.66 mg/ml Indocyanine green solution (ICG Pulsion®, PMS SE, Feldkirchen, Germany) was injected into the uterine cervix at all four quadrants, 0.5 cm in depth (Kimmig et al., 2016). The lymphatic network of the downstream common iliac and inferior paraaortic lymph compartments of the uterine cervix is visualized (ICG fluorescence) including the individual connecting vessels between the different compartments. As can be demonstrated, the medial upper common iliac (subaortic) compartment drains preferentially into the anterior (mesenteric) compartment, whereas lateral common iliac lymphatic vessels mainly drain to the posterior (lumbar) paraaortic compartment. The autonomic nerve fibers of the SHP may easily be identified and preserved due to the excellent image resolution and the discrimination from fluorescent lymphatic structures. The video shows the preparation of left lower paraaortic nodes in cervical cancer following ICG labeling using a da Vinci Xi system®. This technique seems not only advantageous for preserving SHP, but even more highly educational to learn surgical anatomy for trainees.

PMID: 27672677 [PubMed]



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Effect of a vestibular rehabilitation protocol to improve the health-related quality of life and postural balance in patients with peripheral vertigo.

Effect of a vestibular rehabilitation protocol to improve the health-related quality of life and postural balance in patients with peripheral vertigo.

Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2016 Sep;59S:e125

Authors: Jeribi S, Yahia A, Achour I, Hammemi B, Ghorbel A, Elleuch MH, Ghroubi S

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of completing a vestibular rehabilitation treatment protocol on postural balance, dizziness and quality of life in patients with peripheral vertigo.
MATERIAL/PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study concerning patients with instability due to unilateral peripheral vestibular disorder. The patients were evaluated with a clinical examination and a test of static and dynamic balance on the Satel(®) platform in which length, mediolateral (LongX) and anterior-posterior deviations (long Y) were monitored. Information regarding vertigo symptoms and quality of life were assessed through the vertigo symptom Scale (VSS) and the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI). Patients were treated in two sessions per week for two months by a custom protocol. The rehabilitation program included substitutional and/or habitudinal exercises, exercises on a stability platform, and optokinetic stimulation.
RESULTS: Thirty patients with mean age of 52.26±8.45 years were included: 7 men and 23 women. Twelve patients had vestibular neuritis sequelae (46,7%), 10 otolith disorders (33,33%),and 6 Meniere's disease (20%). An improvement in the intensity of dizziness, postural parameters and quality of life was considered (0.01) with the intervention. The main balance parameters (Long X and Long Y) have decreased after the rehabilitation protocol. This improvement was significant in the static condition eyes closed. The mean of Long X decreased from 489.05±327.07 to 365.09±268.82mm (P<0.001). The average Y Long decreased from 853.49±734.19 to 569.08±530.55 (P<0.001). We noted an improvement of vertigo condition (the mean total score of VSS decreased from 22.2±6.74 to 10.86±3.54 (P<0.001)) and the quality of life (the mean total score DHI has decreased from 37.6±8.35 to 18.1±5.56 (P<0.01).
DISCUSSION-CONCLUSION: Postural balance and quality of life improve with postural rehabilitation and optokinetic stimulation in patients with peripheral vertigo. This technique must be applied as early as possible by a specialized physiotherapist to promote the elimination of the unpleasant symptoms related to this dysfunction.

PMID: 27676762 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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A novel role for flotillin-containing lipid rafts in negative-feedback regulation of thyroid-specific gene expression by thyroglobulin.

A novel role for flotillin-containing lipid rafts in negative-feedback regulation of thyroid-specific gene expression by thyroglobulin.

Thyroid. 2016 Sep 27;

Authors: Luo Y, Akama T, Okayama A, Yoshihara A, Sue M, Oda K, Hayashi M, Ishido Y, Hirano H, Hiroi N, Katoh R, Suzuki K

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Thyroglobulin (Tg) stored in thyroid follicles regulates follicular function in thyroid hormone (TH) synthesis by suppressing thyroid-specific gene expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Thus, Tg is an intrinsic negative-feedback regulator that can restrain the effect of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the follicle. However, the underlying mechanisms by which Tg exerts its prominent autoregulatory effect following recognition by thyrocytes remains unclear.
METHODS: To identify potential proteins that recognize and interact with Tg, mass spectrometry (MS) was used to analyze immunoprecipitated Tg-bound proteins derived from Tg-treated rat thyroid FRTL-5 cells.
RESULTS: Flotillin 1 and flotillin 2, two homologs that are integral membrane proteins in lipid rafts, were identified as novel Tg-binding proteins with high confidence. Further studies revealed that flotillins physically interact with endocytosed Tg, and, together these proteins redistribute from the cell membrane to cytoplasmic vesicles. Treatment with the lipid raft disrputer methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) abolished both the endocytosis and the negative-feedback effect of Tg on thyroid-specific gene expression. Meanwhile, siRNA-mediated knockdown of flotillin 1 or flotillin 2 also significantly inhibited Tg effects on gene expression.
CONCLUSION: Together these results indicate that flotillin-containing lipid rafts are essential for follicular Tg to be recognized by thyrocytes and exert its negative-feedback effects in the thyroid.

PMID: 27676653 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Circulating 3-T1AM and 3,5-T2 in critically ill patients: a cross-sectional observational study.

Circulating 3-T1AM and 3,5-T2 in critically ill patients: a cross-sectional observational study.

Thyroid. 2016 Sep 27;

Authors: Langouche L, Lehmphul I, Vander Perre S, Koehrle J, Van den Berghe G

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Critical illness is hallmarked by low circulating T4 and T3 concentrations, in the presence of elevated rT3 and low-normal TSH, referred to as non-thyroidal illness (NTI). Thyroid hormone (TH) metabolism is substantially increased during NTI, in part explained by enhanced deiodinase 3 (D3) activity. T4- and T3-sulfate concentrations are elevated, due to suppressed D1 activity in the presence of unaltered sulfotransferase activity, and 3,3'-diiodothyronine (3,3'-T2) concentrations are normal. To further elucidate the driving forces behind increased TH metabolism during NTI, two other potential T4 metabolites, 3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2) and 3-iodothyronamine (3-T1AM), were measured and related to their potential TH precursors.
METHODS: Morning blood samples were collected cross-sectionally from 83 critically ill patients on a University Hospital ICU and from 38 demographically matched healthy volunteers. Serum TH and binding proteins were quantified with commercial assays, 3,5-T2 and 3-T1AM with in-house developed immunoassays.
RESULTS: Critically ill patients revealed, besides the NTI, a median 44% lower serum 3-T1AM concentration (p<0.0001) and a 30% higher serum 3,5-T2 concentrations (p=0.01) than healthy volunteers. Non-survivors and patients diagnosed with sepsis upon ICU admission had significantly higher 3,5-T2 (p≤0.01) but comparable 3-T1AM (p>0.2) concentrations than other patients. Multivariable linear regression analysis adjusted for potential precursors revealed that the reduced serum 3-T1AM was positively correlated with the low serum T3 (p<0.001) but unrelated to serum T4 or rT3. The elevated 3,5-T2 concentration did not independently correlate with TH.
CONCLUSIONS: Increased TH metabolism during NTI could not be explained by increased conversion to 3-T1AM, as circulating 3-T1AM was suppressed in proportion to the concomitantly low T3 concentrations. Increased conversion of T4 and/or T3 to 3,5-T2 could be possible, as serum 3,5-T2 concentrations were elevated. Whether 3-T1AM or 3,5-T2 play a functional role during critical illness needs further investigation.

PMID: 27676423 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Respiratory manifestations of hypothyroidism - A systematic review.

Respiratory manifestations of hypothyroidism - A systematic review.

Thyroid. 2016 Sep 27;

Authors: Sorensen JR, Winther KH, Bonnema SJ, Godballe C, Hegedus L

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hypothyroidism has been associated with increased pulmonary morbidity and overall mortality. We conducted a systematic review to identify the prevalence and underlying mechanisms of respiratory problems among patients with thyroid insufficiency.
METHODS: PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched for relevant literature from January 1950 through January 2015 with study eligibility criteria: English-language publications; Adult subclinical or overt hypothyroid patients; Intervention, observational or retrospective studies; and respiratory manifestations. We followed the PRISMA statement and used the Cochrane's risk of bias tool.
RESULTS: A total of 1699 papers were screened by two independent authors for relevant titles. Of 109 relevant abstracts, 28 papers underwent full text analyses, of which 22 were included in the review. We identified possible mechanisms explaining respiratory problems at multiple physiological levels such as the ventilator control system, diaphragmatic muscle function, pulmonary gas exchange, goiter caused upper airway obstruction, decreased capacity for energy transduction, and reduced glycolytic activity. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was found among 30% of newly diagnosed patients with overt hypothyroidism, and demonstrated reversibility following treatment. The evidence for or against a direct effect on pulmonary function was ambiguous. However, each of the above mentioned areas were only dealt with in a limited number of studies. Therefore, we refrain from giving strong conclusions on any of these themes. Moreover, most studies were hampered by considerable risk of bias due to e.g. small numbers of patients, lack of control groups, randomization and blinding, and differences in BMI, gender, and age between subjects and controls.
CONCLUSION: Mechanistic data, linking hypothyroidism and respiratory function are at best limited. This area of research is therefore open for retesting hypotheses, using appropriate study designs and methods. Systematic review registration number on PROSPERO: CRD42015016815.

PMID: 27673426 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Associated with Germline RET K666N Mutation.

Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Associated with Germline RET K666N Mutation.

Thyroid. 2016 Sep 27;

Authors: Xu JY, Grubbs EG, Waguespack SG, Jimenez C, Gagel RF, Sosa JA, Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, Dadu R, Hu MI, Trotter CS, Jackson M, Rich TA, Hyde SM, Sherman SI, Cote GJ

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 is an autosomal dominant inherited syndrome caused by activating mutations in the RET proto-oncogene. The K666N RET DNA variant was previously reported in two isolated medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) cases, but no family studies are available, and its oncogenic significance remains unknown.
METHODS: The clinical features, genetic data, and family information of eight index MTC patients with a germline RET K666N variant were assessed.
RESULTS: Four probands presented with MTC and extensive nodal metastasis, one with biopsy confirmed distant metastasis. Two additional probands presented with localized disease; however, nodal status was not available. Of the final two probands one had an incidental 1.5 mm MTC and C-cell hyperplasia uncovered after surgery for papillary thyroid carcinoma, and one had 2 foci of MTC (largest dimension of 2.3 cm) detected after surgery for dysphagia. Genetic screening identified 16 additional family members carrying the K666N variant (ages 5-90), 11 have documented evaluation for MTC. Of these only 2 were found to have elevated basal serum calcitonin upon screening and the remaining patients were in the normal range. One elected to have a thyroidectomy at age 70 was confirmed to have MTC. The other, age 57, elected surveillance. Four prophylactic thyroidectomies were performed with one case of C-cell hyperplasia at 20 years, and 3 cases that revealed normal pathology at ages 21, 30, and 30 years. None of the K666N DNA variant carriers had evidence of primary hyperparathyroidism or pheochromocytoma.
CONCLUSIONS: From this case series, the largest such experience to date, we conclude that the RET K666N variant is likely pathogenic and associated with low penetrance of MTC. However, we feel the findings are insufficient to clearly define its pathogenicity and make firm recommendations for screening and treatment. Given the potential benefit associated with early detection of aberrant C-cell growth, and the noninvasive nature of genetic testing, we believe that 'at risk' individuals should be screened, and if the K666N variant is identified, they should be managed using a personalized screening approach for detection of MTC.

PMID: 27673361 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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The Efficacy of Fibroblast Growth Factor for the Treatment of Chronic Vocal Fold Scarring: From Animal Model to Clinical Application.

The Efficacy of Fibroblast Growth Factor for the Treatment of Chronic Vocal Fold Scarring: From Animal Model to Clinical Application.

Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Sep 27;

Authors: Ban MJ, Park JH, Kim JW, Park KN, Lee JY, Kim HK, Lee SW

Abstract
Objectives: This study assessed the regenerative efficacy of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) in a rabbit model of chronic vocal fold scarring and then confirmed its utility and safety in a prospective trial of patients with this condition.
Methods: FGF was injected three times, at 1-week intervals, into a chronic vocal fold scar created in a rabbit model. After 1 month, mRNA level of procollagen I, hyaluronic acid synthetase 2 (HAS 2), and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP 2) were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The relative densities of hyaluronic acid (HA) and collagen were examined 3 months post-injection. From April 2012 to September 2014, a prospective clinical trial was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Korea. FGF was injected into the mild vocal fold scar of 17 consecutive patients with a small glottic gap. The patients underwent perceptual, stroboscopic, acoustic aerodynamic test, and Voice Handicap Index (VHI) survey prior to and 3, 6, and 12 months after FGF injection.
Results: FGF injection of the vocal fold scar decreased the density of collagen and increased mRNA level of HAS 2 and MMP 2 expression significantly compared to the control group injected with phosphate buffered solution in a rabbit model (P<0.05). In the clinical trial, significant improvements in the majority of the subjective and objective voice parameters were registered 3 months after FGF injection and were maintained at 12 months. Complications associated with the FGF injections, such as granuloma, were not observed during the follow-up period.
Conclusion: Based on the animal model and the prospective clinical trial, vocal fold injections of FGF in patients with mild chronic vocal fold scarring can significantly improve voice quality for as long as 1 year and without side effects. Our results recommend the use of FGF vocal fold injection as an alternative treatment modality for mild chronic vocal fold scarring.

PMID: 27671715 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Transoral Endoscopic Laser Microsurgery or Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy for T2N0 Larynx Cancer.

Transoral Endoscopic Laser Microsurgery or Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy for T2N0 Larynx Cancer.

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2016 Oct 1;96(2S):E380-E381

Authors: Wu YY, Fang TJ, Chang JT

PMID: 27674536 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Reirradiation Outcomes After Upfront Larynx Preservation or Total Laryngectomy: A Multi-institutional Analysis.

Reirradiation Outcomes After Upfront Larynx Preservation or Total Laryngectomy: A Multi-institutional Analysis.

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2016 Oct 1;96(2S):E376

Authors: Awan MJ, Zakem SJ, Ward MC, Machtay M, Riaz N, Caudell JJ, Dunlap NE, Isrow D, Dault J, Higgins KA, Beitler JJ, Siddiqui F, Trotti A, Lee N, Koyfman S, Heron DE, Yao M

PMID: 27674522 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Predictive Significance of Early Response to Induction Chemotherapy in Advanced Larynx Cancer.

Predictive Significance of Early Response to Induction Chemotherapy in Advanced Larynx Cancer.

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2016 Oct 1;96(2S):E371-E372

Authors: Mohamed AS, Browne TS, Kies MS, Gunn GB, Garden AS, Beadle BM, Phan J, Morrison WH, William WN, Lai SY, Weber RS, Rosenthal DI, Fuller CD

PMID: 27674512 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Dose De-Escalation to the Normal Larynx Using Conformal Radiation Therapy Reduces Toxicity While Maintaining Oncologic Outcome for the Treatment of T1/T2 Glottic Cancer.

Dose De-Escalation to the Normal Larynx Using Conformal Radiation Therapy Reduces Toxicity While Maintaining Oncologic Outcome for the Treatment of T1/T2 Glottic Cancer.

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2016 Oct 1;96(2S):E347-E348

Authors: Kim JW, Choi HS, Lee IJ

PMID: 27674444 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Identification of Anatomic Correlates of Failure in Patients With T4a Larynx Cancer.

Identification of Anatomic Correlates of Failure in Patients With T4a Larynx Cancer.

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2016 Oct 1;96(2S):E343

Authors: Mohamed AS, Pham BH, Messer JA, Morrison WH, Zafereo M, Hessel AC, Lai SY, Garden AS, Weber RS, Rosenthal DI, Fuller CD

PMID: 27674433 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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