Variation in Vowel Duration Among Southern African American English Speakers.

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Variation in Vowel Duration Among Southern African American English Speakers.

Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2015 Aug;24(3):460-9

Authors: Holt YF, Jacewicz E, Fox RA

Abstract
PURPOSE: Atypical duration of speech segments can signal a speech disorder. In this study, we examined variation in vowel duration in African American English (AAE) relative to White American English (WAE) speakers living in the same dialect region in the South to characterize the nature of systematic variation between the 2 groups. The goal was to establish whether segmental durations in minority populations differ from the well-established patterns in mainstream populations.
METHOD: Participants were 32 AAE and 32 WAE speakers differing in age who, in their childhood, attended either segregated (older speakers) or integrated (younger speakers) public schools. Speech materials consisted of 14 vowels produced in hVd-frame.
RESULTS: AAE vowels were significantly longer than WAE vowels. Vowel duration did not differ as a function of age. The temporal tense-lax contrast was minimized for AAE relative to WAE. Vowels produced by females were significantly longer than vowels produced by males for both AAE and WAE.
CONCLUSIONS: African American speakers should be expected to produce longer vowels relative to White speakers in a common geographic area. These longer durations are not deviant but represent a typical feature of AAE. This finding has clinical importance in guiding assessments of speech disorders in AAE speakers.

PMID: 25951511 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Complexity markers in morphosyntactic productions in French-speaking children with specific language impairment (SLI).

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Complexity markers in morphosyntactic productions in French-speaking children with specific language impairment (SLI).

Clin Linguist Phon. 2015;29(8-10):701-18

Authors: Prigent G, Parisse C, Leclercq AL, Maillart C

Abstract
The usage-based theory considers that the morphosyntactic productions of children with SLI are particularly dependent on input frequency. When producing complex syntax, the language of these children is, therefore, predicted to have a lower variability and to contain fewer infrequent morphosyntactic markers than that of younger children matched on morphosyntactic abilities. Using a spontaneous language task, the current study compared the complexity of the morphological and structural productions of 20 children with SLI and 20 language-matched peers (matched on both morphosyntactic comprehension and mean length of utterance). As expected, results showed that although basic structures were produced in the same way in both groups, several complex forms (i.e. tenses such as Imperfect, Future or Conditional and Conjunctions) were less frequent in the productions of children with SLI. Finally, we attempted to highlight complex linguistic forms that could be good clinical markers for these children.

PMID: 25774764 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Speech production in children with Down's syndrome: The effects of reading, naming and imitation.

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Speech production in children with Down's syndrome: The effects of reading, naming and imitation.

Clin Linguist Phon. 2015;29(8-10):598-612

Authors: Knight RA, Kurtz S, Georgiadou I

Abstract
People with DS are known to have difficulties with expressive language, and often have difficulties with intelligibility. They often have stronger visual than verbal short-term memory skills and, therefore, reading has often been suggested as an intervention for speech and language in this population. However, there is as yet no firm evidence that reading can improve speech outcomes. This study aimed to compare reading, picture naming and repetition for the same 10 words, to identify if the speech of eight children with DS (aged 11-14 years) was more accurate, consistent and intelligible when reading. Results show that children were slightly, yet significantly, more accurate and intelligible when they read words compared with when they produced those words in naming or imitation conditions although the reduction in inconsistency was non-significant. The results of this small-scale study provide tentative support for previous claims about the benefits of reading for children with DS. The mechanisms behind a facilitatory effect of reading are considered, and directions are identified for future research.

PMID: 25774762 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Using ultrasound visual biofeedback to treat persistent primary speech sound disorders.

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Using ultrasound visual biofeedback to treat persistent primary speech sound disorders.

Clin Linguist Phon. 2015;29(8-10):575-97

Authors: Cleland J, Scobbie JM, Wrench AA

Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that speech intervention using visual biofeedback may benefit people for whom visual skills are stronger than auditory skills (for example, the hearing-impaired population), especially when the target articulation is hard to describe or see. Diagnostic ultrasound can be used to image the tongue and has recently become more compact and affordable leading to renewed interest in it as a practical, non-invasive visual biofeedback tool. In this study, we evaluate its effectiveness in treating children with persistent speech sound disorders that have been unresponsive to traditional therapy approaches. A case series of seven different children (aged 6-11) with persistent speech sound disorders were evaluated. For each child, high-speed ultrasound (121 fps), audio and lip video recordings were made while probing each child's specific errors at five different time points (before, during and after intervention). After intervention, all the children made significant progress on targeted segments, evidenced by both perceptual measures and changes in tongue-shape.

PMID: 25751614 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Magnetic stimulation of the upper trapezius muscles in patients with migraine - A pilot study.

Magnetic stimulation of the upper trapezius muscles in patients with migraine - A pilot study.

Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2016 Aug 1;

Authors: Sollmann N, Trepte-Freisleder F, Albers L, Jung NH, Mall V, Meyer B, Heinen F, Krieg SM, Landgraf MN

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) has been applied to musculoskeletal pain conditions. Since recent data show that migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) might be closely related to peripheral muscular pain in the neck and shoulder region (supporting the concept of the trigemino-cervical complex (TCC)), this pilot study explores the acceptance of rPMS to the upper trapezius muscles in migraine (partly in combination with TTH).
METHODS: We used rPMS to stimulate active myofascial trigger points (aTrPs) of the upper trapezius muscles in 20 young adults suffering from migraine. Acceptance was assessed by a standardized questionnaire, whereas self-rated effectiveness was evaluated by headache calendars and the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS). Algometry was performed to explore the local effect of rPMS on the muscles.
RESULTS: Acceptance of rPMS was shown in all subjects without any adverse events, and rPMS had a statistically significant impact on almost every parameter of the headache calendar and MIDAS. Among others, the number of migraine attacks (p < 0.001) and migraine intensity (p = 0.001) significantly decreased regarding pre- and post-stimulation assessments. Accordingly, 100.0% of subjects would repeat the stimulation, while 90.0% would recommend rPMS as a treatment option for migraine.
CONCLUSIONS: rPMS might represent a promising tool to alleviate migraine symptoms within the context of myofascial pain. This might be due to stimulation-dependent modulation of the peripheral sensory effect within the TCC in migraine. However, sham-controlled studies with larger and more homogeneous cohorts are needed to prove a potential beneficial effect. Ethics Committee Registration Numbers: 356-14 and 447/14.

PMID: 27528122 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Transcanal Micro-Osteotome Only Technique for Excision of Exostoses.

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Transcanal Micro-Osteotome Only Technique for Excision of Exostoses.

Otol Neurotol. 2016 Feb;37(2):185-9

Authors: Ghavami Y, Bhatt J, Ziai K, Maducdoc MM, Djalilian HR

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the outcomes and complications of transcanal excision of exostoses using micro-osteotomes, without a postauricular incision or the use of the drill.
STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective chart review of patients undergoing exostoses excision.
SETTING: Tertiary Care Medical Center.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: All of the patients underwent surgical removal of the exostoses using only a 1 or 2 mm micro-osteotomes. Patients were followed postoperatively and associated complications were evaluated.
RESULTS: One-hundred thirty-eight ears in 106 patients were treated for obstructive exostosis. The average age of patients was 43 ± 16 years. Of these, 99 were man (93%) and 7 were woman (7%). A majority of the patients (84%, n = 89) had 90 to 100% obstruction of the ear canal. Complete ear canal healing was observed in 80% of patients by 3 weeks. All but one patient had healed by 6 weeks postoperatively. There were 9 (6.5%) slit tympanic membrane perforations that healed with intraoperative gelfoam or fascia myringoplasty. One patient had an anterior canal mobilization which required Xeroform packing for 3 weeks for stabilization. There were no postoperative vertigo, facial paresis, conductive/sensorineural hearing loss, soft tissue stenoses, and no skin grafting required.
CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to report a series of patients performing solely a transcanal approach using micro-osteotomes for removing exostoses. Results indicate that it is a safe procedure with low complication rate and expeditious healing. Patients with 100% obstruction can have this procedure performed with no significant increase in morbidity.

PMID: 26669556 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Pediatric sleep-disordered breathing: New evidence on its development.

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Pediatric sleep-disordered breathing: New evidence on its development.

Sleep Med Rev. 2015 Dec;24:46-56

Authors: Guilleminault C, Akhtar F

Abstract
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children could be resolved by adenotonsillectomy (T&A). However, incomplete results are often noted post-surgery. Because of this partial resolution, long-term follow-up is needed to monitor for reoccurrence of SDB, which may be diagnosed years later through reoccurrence of complaints or in some cases, through systematic investigations. Children undergoing T&A often have small upper airways. Genetics play a role in the fetal development of the skull, the skull base, and subsequently, the size of the upper airway. In non-syndromic children, specific genetic mutations are often unrecognized early in life and affect the craniofacial growth, altering functions such as suction, mastication, swallowing, and nasal breathing. These developmental and functional changes are associated with the development of SDB. Children without genetic mutations but with impairment of the above said functions also develop SDB. When applied early in life, techniques involved in the reeducation of these functions, such as myofunctional therapy, alter the craniofacial growth and the associated SDB. This occurs as a result of the continuous interaction between cartilages, bones and muscles involved in the growth of the base of the skull and the face. Recently collected data show the impact of the early changes in craniofacial growth patterns and how these changes lead to an impairment of the developmental functions and consequent persistence of SDB. The presence of nasal disuse and mouth breathing are abnormal functions that are easily amenable to treatment. Understanding the dynamics leading to the development of SDB and recognizing factors affecting the craniofacial growth and the resulting functional impairments, allows appropriate treatment planning which may or may not include T&A. Enlargement of lymphoid tissue may actually be a consequence as opposed to a cause of these initial dysfunctions.

PMID: 26500024 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Vitamin D receptor deficiency impairs inner ear development in zebrafish.

Vitamin D receptor deficiency impairs inner ear development in zebrafish.

Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2016 Aug 12;

Authors: Kwon HJ

Abstract
The biological actions of vitamin D are largely mediated through binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a member of the nuclear hormone receptor family, which regulates gene expression in a wide variety of tissues and cells. Mutations in VDR gene have been implicated in ear disorders (hearing loss and balance disorder) but the mechanisms are not well established. In this study, to investigate the role of VDR in inner ear development, morpholino-mediated gene knockdown approaches were used in zebrafish model system. Two paralogs for VDR, vdra and vdrb, have been identified in zebrafish. Knockdown of vdra had no effect on ear development, whereas knockdown of vdrb displayed morphological ear defects including smaller otic vesicles with malformed semicircular canals and abnormal otoliths. Loss-of-vdrb resulted in down-regulation of pre-otic markers, pax8 and pax2a, indicating impairment of otic induction. Furthermore, zebrafish embryos lacking vdrb produced fewer sensory hair cells in the ears and showed disruption of balance and motor coordination. These data reveal that VDR signaling plays an important role in ear development.

PMID: 27526995 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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[Transnasal endoscopic surgery of neoplasms in the children with the use of the CT-navigation systems].

[Transnasal endoscopic surgery of neoplasms in the children with the use of the CT-navigation systems].

Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2016;81(3):75-80

Authors: Vorozhtsov LN, Grachev NS, Nasedkin AN

Abstract
The objective of the present article was to report the current literature data concerning the significance of and prospects for the application of the CT-navigation systems in transnasal endoscopic surgery of neoplasms localized in the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, paranasal sinuses, and the base of the skull in the children.

PMID: 27529098 [PubMed - in process]

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Evaluation of image quality in carotid and cerebrovascular disease: a comparative study between subtraction and routine computed tomography angiography.

Evaluation of image quality in carotid and cerebrovascular disease: a comparative study between subtraction and routine computed tomography angiography.

Echocardiography. 2016 Aug 16;

Authors: Zhao DL, Wan Y, Wang GK, Wang HB, Liang HW, Zhou HT, Gao L, Zhang JL

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Few data exist comparing the image quality and diagnostic accuracy of subtraction computed tomography (CT) angiography (SCTA) in carotid and cerebrovascular arteries with routine CT angiography (RCTA).
PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this study, 56 patients underwent 128-row CT angiography of these vessels with review by two radiologists using routine, nonsubtracted, and SCTA protocols. Comparisons were made using a 4-point subjective rating scale in all patients. Eighteen patients were examined with both SCTA and invasive digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The accuracy of SCTA and routine CTA reformations was assessed and compared by both patient-based and vessel-based analyses of intracranial aneurysms and intracranial and extracranial arterial stenotic lesions using DSA results as the reference standard.
RESULTS: Diagnostic accuracy in the adjacent skull base portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and reading time for cerebral aneurysms and vessel stenoses were obviously improved with SCTA protocol, but the accuracy in vertebro-basilar arteries was no different. The diagnostic accuracy in general was slightly increased compared with routine CTA.
CONCLUSION: Review of SCTA images is an effective means to remove bone close to vessels as seen on routine CTA and has good image quality and diagnostic accuracy. SCTA is superior to routine CTA in the visualization and diagnostic accuracy of adjacent skull base part of the ICA and decreases reading time for carotid and cerebrovascular arterial imaging.

PMID: 27528234 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Maxillofacial trauma - Underestimation of cervical spine injury.

Maxillofacial trauma - Underestimation of cervical spine injury.

J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2016 Jun 24;

Authors: Reich W, Surov A, Eckert AW

Abstract
Undiagnosed cervical spine injury can have devastating results. The aim of this study was to analyse patients with primary maxillofacial trauma and a concomitant cervical spine injury. It is hypothetised that cervical spine injury is predictable in maxillofacial surgery. A monocentric clinical study was conducted over a 10-year period to analyse patients with primary maxillofacial and associated cervical spine injuries. Demographic data, mechanism of injury, specific trauma and treatments provided were reviewed. Additionally a search of relevant international literature was conducted in PubMed by terms "maxillofacial" AND "cervical spine" AND "injury". Of 3956 patients, n = 3732 (94.3%) suffered from craniomaxillofacial injuries only, n = 174 (4.4%) from cervical spine injuries only, and n = 50 (1.3%) from both craniomaxillofacial and cervical spine injuries. In this study cohort the most prevalent craniofacial injuries were: n = 41 (44%) midfacial and n = 21 (22.6%) skull base fractures. Cervical spine injuries primarily affected the upper cervical spine column: n = 39 (58.2%) vs. n = 28 (41.8%). Only in 3 of 50 cases (6%), the cervical spine injury was diagnosed coincidentally, and the cervical spine column was under immobilised. The operative treatment rate for maxillofacial injuries was 36% (n = 18), and for cervical spine injuries 20% (n = 10). The overall mortality rate was 8% (n = 4). The literature search yielded only 12 papers (11 retrospective and monocentric cohort studies) and is discussed before our own results. In cases of apparently isolated maxillofacial trauma, maxillofacial surgeons should be aware of a low but serious risk of underestimating an unstable cervical spine injury.

PMID: 27527678 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of a Neurokinin 1 Receptor-Targeted Near IR Dye for Fluorescence Guided Surgery of Neuroendocrine Cancers.

Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of a Neurokinin 1 Receptor-Targeted Near IR Dye for Fluorescence Guided Surgery of Neuroendocrine Cancers.

Bioconjug Chem. 2016 Aug 16;

Authors: Kanduluru AK, Srinivasarao M, Low PS

Abstract
The neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) is implicated in the growth and metastasis of many tumors, including cancers of the brain (e.g. gliomas, glioblastomas, astrocytomas), skin (e.g. melanomas), and neuroendocrine tissues (cancers of the breast, stomach, pancreas, larynx and colon). Because overexpression of NK1R has been reported in most of these malignancies, we have undertaken to design an NK1R-targeted near infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye for fluorescence guided surgeries of these cancers. We demonstrate here that an NK1R-binding ligand linked to the NIR dye LS288 selectively accumulates in NK1R-expressing tumor xenografts with high affinity (Kd = 13 nM), allowing intra-operative imaging of these cancers in live mice. Because tumor accumulation is nearly quantitatively blocked by excess unlabeled ligand, and since NK1R negative tumors and normal tissues display virtually no uptake, we conclude that the observed tumor retention is NK1R mediated. Results on the synthesis, in vitro characterization, and animal testing of NK1R-targeted NIR dye are presented.

PMID: 27529726 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Hyperspectral Imaging Using Flexible Endoscopy for Laryngeal Cancer Detection.

Hyperspectral Imaging Using Flexible Endoscopy for Laryngeal Cancer Detection.

Sensors (Basel). 2016;16(8)

Authors: Regeling B, Thies B, Gerstner AO, Westermann S, Müller NA, Bendix J, Laffers W

Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is increasingly gaining acceptance in the medical field. Up until now, HSI has been used in conjunction with rigid endoscopy to detect cancer in vivo. The logical next step is to pair HSI with flexible endoscopy, since it improves access to hard-to-reach areas. While the flexible endoscope's fiber optic cables provide the advantage of flexibility, they also introduce an interfering honeycomb-like pattern onto images. Due to the substantial impact this pattern has on locating cancerous tissue, it must be removed before the HS data can be further processed. Thereby, the loss of information is to minimize avoiding the suppression of small-area variations of pixel values. We have developed a system that uses flexible endoscopy to record HS cubes of the larynx and designed a special filtering technique to remove the honeycomb-like pattern with minimal loss of information. We have confirmed its feasibility by comparing it to conventional filtering techniques using an objective metric and by applying unsupervised and supervised classifications to raw and pre-processed HS cubes. Compared to conventional techniques, our method successfully removes the honeycomb-like pattern and considerably improves classification performance, while preserving image details.

PMID: 27529255 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Short- and Long-Term Outcomes of Larynx-Preserving Surgery for Cervical Esophageal Cancer: Analysis of 100 Consecutive Cases.

Short- and Long-Term Outcomes of Larynx-Preserving Surgery for Cervical Esophageal Cancer: Analysis of 100 Consecutive Cases.

Ann Surg Oncol. 2016 Aug 15;

Authors: Makino T, Yamasaki M, Miyazaki Y, Takahashi T, Kurokawa Y, Nakajima K, Takiguchi S, Mori M, Doki Y

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Surgical interventions for cervical esophageal cancer (CEC), particularly larynx-preserving procedures, have not yet been standardized in terms of short- and long-term outcome.
METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 100 consecutive surgeries for CEC in our department. We compared clinicopathological parameters and long-term outcomes between larynx-preserving esophagectomies (LP group) and nonpreserving procedures (NP group). We also evaluated preoperative predictive parameters for larynx-preservation.
RESULTS: Compared with the NP group, the LP group had significantly lower cT (P < 0.001) and cStage (P = 0.001) and shorter tumor length (P = 0.0108). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified early cT stage, early cStage, and response to preoperative treatment as significant predictive parameters of larynx preservation. Larynx-preserving procedures could be performed for 90.5 % of T1-2 tumors regardless of preoperative treatment response. In contrast in T3-4 tumors, most nonresponders (92.3 %) were ineligible for larynx-preservation (P = 0.0012), whereas 54.3 % of responders could achieve larynx preservation. The average shortening of upward extension in T3-4 tumors after preoperative treatment was 20.0 mm in the LP group vs. 10.2 mm in the NP group (P = 0.051). The two groups were similar in terms of overall morbidity (including pneumonia), mortality, and postoperative hospital days. Importantly, larynx preservation for CEC neither worsened patient prognosis nor increased locoregional recurrence compared to the NP group.
CONCLUSIONS: Larynx-preserving esophagectomy for CEC is feasible and oncologically acceptable. The cT, cStage, and clinical response to preoperative treatment are important preoperative predictors of a patient's suitability for larynx-preservation.

PMID: 27527716 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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The difference in endolymphatic hydrostatic pressure elevation induced by isoproterenol between the ampulla and the cochlea.

The difference in endolymphatic hydrostatic pressure elevation induced by isoproterenol between the ampulla and the cochlea.

Auris Nasus Larynx. 2016 Aug 12;

Authors: Inamoto R, Miyashita T, Matsubara A, Hoshikawa H, Mori N

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to investigate the difference in the responses of endolymphatic hydrostatic pressure to isoproterenol, β-adrenergic receptor agonist, between pars superior and pars inferior.
METHODS: The hydrostatic pressure of endolymph and perilymph and endolymphatic potential in the ampulla and the cochlea during the intravenous administration of isoproterenol were recorded using a servo-null system in guinea pigs.
RESULTS: The hydrostatic pressure of endolymph and perilymph in the ampulla and cochlea was similar in magnitude. Isoproterenol significantly increased hydrostatic pressure of ampullar and cochlear endolymph and perilymph with no change in the ampullar endolymphatic potential and endocochlear potential, respectively. The isoproterenol-induced maximum change of endolymphatic hydrostatic pressure in ampulla was significantly (p<0.01) smaller than that in the cochlea. In ears with an obstructed endolymphatic sac, the action of isoproterenol on endolymphatic hydrostatic pressure in the ampulla disappeared like that in the cochlea.
CONCLUSION: Isoproterenol elevates endolymphatic hydrostatic pressure in different manner between the vestibule and the cochlea.

PMID: 27527642 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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First bite syndrome - An 11-year experience.

First bite syndrome - An 11-year experience.

Auris Nasus Larynx. 2016 Aug 12;

Authors: Avinçsal MÖ, Hiroshima Y, Shinomiya H, Shinomiya H, Otsuki N, Nibu KI

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: First bite syndrome is the development of pain in the ipsilateral parotid region after the first few bites of food and can be seen after surgery of the upper cervical region. The aim of this study is to highlight the etiology of this potentially debilitating chronic pain syndrome.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of 53 patients undergoing surgery of the upper neck between 2002 and 2013.
RESULTS: FBS developed in 16 patients (30%). Partial resolution of FBS symptoms occurred in 69% and complete resolution in 12%, whereas 15% had no change. FBS was most common in the patients who had tumor arising from deep lobe of parotid gland in comparison with other sites (50% vs 18%, p=0.017). FBS developed in 57% of patients undergoing external carotid artery (ECA) ligation and in 12.5% of patients in whom ECA was preserved (p=0.0008). Among the patients in whom ECA was preserved, FBS developed in 43% of the patients in whom sympathetic chain was sacrificed and in 4% of the patients in whom sympathetic chain was preserved.
CONCLUSION: Present results further support the role of sympathetic chain in the development of FBS.

PMID: 27527641 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Chronic infection with Toxoplasma gondii induces death of submucosal enteric neurons and damage in the colonic mucosa of rats.

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Chronic infection with Toxoplasma gondii induces death of submucosal enteric neurons and damage in the colonic mucosa of rats.

Exp Parasitol. 2016 May;164:56-63

Authors: Góis MB, Hermes-Uliana C, Barreto Zago MC, Zanoni JN, da Silva AV, de Miranda-Neto MH, de Almeida Araújo EJ, Sant'Ana Dde M

Abstract
Intestinal epithelial secretion is coordinated by the submucosal plexus (SMP). Chemical mediators from SMP regulate the immunobiological response and direct actions against infectious agents. Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide parasite that causes toxoplasmosis. This study aimed to determine the effects of chronic infection with T. gondii on the morphometry of the mucosa and the submucosal enteric neurons in the proximal colon of rats. Male adult rats were distributed into a control group (n = 10) and an infected group (n = 10). Infected rats received orally 500 oocysts of T. gondii (ME-49). After 36 days, the rats were euthanized and samples of the proximal colon were processed for histology to evaluate mucosal thickness in sections. Whole mounts were stained with methylene blue and subjected to immunohistochemistry to detect vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. The total number of submucosal neurons decreased by 16.20%. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive neurons increased by 26.95%. Intraepithelial lymphocytes increased by 62.86% and sulfomucin-producing goblet cells decreased by 22.87%. Crypt depth was greater by 43.02%. It was concluded that chronic infection with T. gondii induced death and hypertrophy in the remaining submucosal enteric neurons and damage to the colonic mucosa of rats.

PMID: 26902605 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Subtotal arytenoidectomy for the treatment of laryngeal stridor in multiple system atrophy: phonatory and swallowing results.

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Subtotal arytenoidectomy for the treatment of laryngeal stridor in multiple system atrophy: phonatory and swallowing results.

Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Jan-Feb;82(1):116-20

Authors: Stomeo F, Rispoli V, Sensi M, Pastore A, Malagutti N, Pelucchi S

PMID: 26411269 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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The Effect of Exercise on Respiratory Resistance in Athletes With and Without Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion Disorder.

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The Effect of Exercise on Respiratory Resistance in Athletes With and Without Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion Disorder.

Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2015 Aug;24(3):470-9

Authors: Gallena SJ, Solomon NP, Johnson AT, Vossoughi J, Tian W

Abstract
PURPOSE: An investigational, portable instrument was used to assess inspiratory (R(i)) and expiratory (R(e)) resistances during resting tidal breathing (RTB), postexercise breathing (PEB), and recovery breathing (RB) in athletes with and without paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder (PVFMD).
METHOD: Prospective, controlled, repeated measures within-subject and between-groups design. Twenty-four teenage female athletes, 12 with and 12 without PVFMD, breathed into the Airflow Perturbation Device for baseline measures of respiratory resistance and for two successive 1-min trials after treadmill running for up to 12 min. Exercise duration and dyspnea ratings were collected and compared across groups.
RESULTS: Athletes with PVFMD had lower than control R(i) and R(e) values during RTB that significantly increased at PEB and decreased during RB. Control athletes' R(e) decreased significantly from RTB to PEB but not from PEB to RB, whereas R(i) did not change from RTB to PEB but decreased from PEB to RB. Athletes without PVFMD ran longer, providing lower dyspnea ratings.
CONCLUSION: Immediately following exercise, athletes with PVFMD experienced increased respiratory resistance that affected their exercise performance. The difference in resting respiratory resistances between groups is intriguing and could point to anatomical differences or neural adaptation in teenagers with PVFMD. The Airflow Perturbation Device appears to be a clinically feasible tool that can provide insight into PVFMD and objective data for tracking treatment progress.

PMID: 26001627 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Evidence-Based Systematic Review: Effects of Speech-Language Pathology Treatment for Individuals With Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion.

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Evidence-Based Systematic Review: Effects of Speech-Language Pathology Treatment for Individuals With Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion.

Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2015 Aug;24(3):566-84

Authors: Patel RR, Venediktov R, Schooling T, Wang B

Abstract
PURPOSE: In this article, our goal was to determine the state of the evidence and the effect of speech-language pathology (SLP) treatment for individuals with paradoxical vocal fold motion (PVFM).
METHOD: The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's National Center for Evidence-Based Practice in Communication Disorders searched 22 electronic databases using key words related to PVFM, speech or voice treatment, and behavioral intervention for articles published through July 2013. Identified articles were systematically evaluated to assess the quality of the evidence using a modification of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's critical appraisal scheme.
RESULTS: Sixty-five articles met the search criteria. Only 2 out of the 65 articles were judged to contain adequate evidence to evaluate the effect of SLP treatment for PVFM. All 65 articles exemplify the state of the evidence for SLP treatment for PVFM.
CONCLUSION: The state of the evidence for the use of SLP treatment is in its infancy, with a majority of articles in the exploratory stage of research. Consequently, few clinical implications can be drawn at this time. SLP treatment for PVFM is promising; however, there is clearly a pressing need for systematic experimental studies that involve a control group to further the evidence base.

PMID: 25836980 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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The effect of extracapsular injuries on growth and development of the mandible condyle: an experimental study in growing dogs.

The effect of extracapsular injuries on growth and development of the mandible condyle: an experimental study in growing dogs.

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2016 Jun 11;

Authors: Liu S, Tian L, Ding M, Liu Y, Li G, Chen J, Ding Y

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of condylar extracapsular injuries on the development of the mandibular condyle and try to find a way to treat condylar hyperplasia by electively using such injuries to restrict the overdeveloped mandibular condyle.
STUDY DESIGN: Sixty 6-month-old beagle puppies were divided randomly into five groups: blank control; unilateral fracture to the condylar neck; unilateral fracture to the condylar neck treated with rigid internal fixation; unilateral periosteum injury; unilateral decortication of the condylar neck. Computed tomography, (99 m)Tc single-photon emission computed tomography, and tetracycline-calcein double-labeling were performed after surgery. The puppies were sacrificed 12 and 24 weeks after surgery. Morphologic analyses and examination of growth activity were done.
RESULTS: Unilateral fracture of the condylar neck without fixation caused local morphologic changes during the early postoperative period, but compensatory growth of the condyle altered such changes after healing. The other types of injury failed to inhibit the growth of the condyle and the mandible, whereas functional deviation of the chin was found after unilateral fracture of the condylar neck with or without fixation.
CONCLUSIONS: The four types of extracapsular injury described here failed to inhibit the growth of the mandibular condyle and could not be selected as alternatives to treat condylar hyperplasia.

PMID: 27527388 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Bi-paddled radial forearm free flap in the reconstruction of bilateral buccal mucosal defects-a case series.

Bi-paddled radial forearm free flap in the reconstruction of bilateral buccal mucosal defects-a case series.

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2016 Jun 9;

Authors: Shivanand NB, Chavre S, Chandrashekar NH, Chauhan S

Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis is a commonly encountered clinical problem in the Indian subcontinent. Treatment with surgery and reconstruction with appropriate flap, followed by vigorous physiotherapy is the ideal management. We report three advanced cases that were successfully managed and rehabilitated with bi-paddled radial forearm free flaps. Mean preoperative mouth opening was 3 mm, and mean postoperative mouth opening was found to be 27 mm after 18 months of follow-up. Thus, instead of two flaps, use of a single-donor-site, bi-paddled radial forearm free flap, is recommended for the reconstruction of bilateral buccal defects resulting from oral submucous fibrosis release.

PMID: 27527387 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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[The phenomenon of mobile third window].

[The phenomenon of mobile third window].

Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2016;81(3):69-74

Authors: Boiko NV, Kunel'skaya NL

PMID: 27529099 [PubMed - in process]

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[Transnasal endoscopic surgery of neoplasms in the children with the use of the CT-navigation systems].

[Transnasal endoscopic surgery of neoplasms in the children with the use of the CT-navigation systems].

Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2016;81(3):75-80

Authors: Vorozhtsov LN, Grachev NS, Nasedkin AN

Abstract
The objective of the present article was to report the current literature data concerning the significance of and prospects for the application of the CT-navigation systems in transnasal endoscopic surgery of neoplasms localized in the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, paranasal sinuses, and the base of the skull in the children.

PMID: 27529098 [PubMed - in process]

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[On the occasion of the 80th anniversary of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, V.I. Vernadsky, Crimean University].

[On the occasion of the 80th anniversary of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, V.I. Vernadsky, Crimean University].

Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2016;81(3):81-3

Authors: Zavadsky AV

PMID: 27529097 [PubMed - in process]

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[On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Russian University of People's Friendship].

[On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Russian University of People's Friendship].

Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2016;81(3):4-6

Authors: Antoniv VF, Popadyuk VI

PMID: 27529096 [PubMed - in process]

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