Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου

Παρασκευή 30 Σεπτεμβρίου 2016

Effects of Semont maneuver on benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a meta-analysis.

Effects of Semont maneuver on benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a meta-analysis.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Aug 12;:1-8

Authors: Zhang X, Qian X, Lu L, Chen J, Liu J, Lin C, Gao X

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common type of peripheral vertigo. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the Semont maneuver (SM) for BPPV treatment, compared with other methods.
METHODS: Studies were selected in relevant databases under pre-defined criteria up to June 2015. The Cochrane evaluation system was used to assess the quality of the studies. Effect size was indicated as a risk-ratio (RR) with corresponding 95% confidential interval (CI). Statistical analysis was conducted under a randomized- or fixed-effects model. Sub-group analysis was performed.
RESULTS: Ten studies were included in the meta-analysis. All of the studies presented a low attrition bias, but a high selection and reporting bias. SM had a much higher recovery rate (SM vs no treatment: RR = 2.60, 95% CI = 1.97-3.44, p < 0.01; SM vs sham: RR = 4.89, 95% CI = 3.01-7.94, p < 0.01), and lower recurrence rate than those from controls (SM vs no treatment: RR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.04-0.31, p < 0.01). Overall, SM had similar outcomes with Epley maneuver (EM) and Brandt-Daroff exercise (BDE) in terms of recovery rate, recurrence rate, and side-effects.
CONCLUSION: SM is as effective as EM and BDE for BPPV treatment.

PMID: 27683970 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Carbetocin versus oxytocin in the management of atonic post partum haemorrhage (PPH) after vaginal delivery: a randomised controlled trial.

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Carbetocin versus oxytocin in the management of atonic post partum haemorrhage (PPH) after vaginal delivery: a randomised controlled trial.

Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2016 May;293(5):993-9

Authors: Maged AM, Hassan AM, Shehata NA

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness and safety of carbetocin vs. oxytocin in the management of atonic post partum haemorrhage (PPH) after vaginal delivery.
METHODS: A prospective randomised study was conducted in which 100 pregnant women were randomised into 2 equal groups: group 1 received Carbetocin 100 µgm (Pabal(®) Ferring, UK) and group 2 received oxytocin 5 IU (Syntocinon(®), Novartis, Switzerland).
RESULTS: The amount of blood loss and the need for other uterotonics were significantly lower in the carbetocin group (811 ± 389.17 vs. 1010 ± 525.66 and 10/50 vs. 21/50). There was no significant difference between the carbetocin and oxytocin groups regarding occurrence of major PPH (6 vs. 11), the need for blood transfusion (6 vs. 9), the difference between blood haemoglobin levels before delivery and 24 h after delivery (0.6 ± 0.28 vs. 0.56 ± 0.25), respectively. There was no significant difference between the 2 study groups regarding both systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured immediately after the drug administration and at 30 and 60 min later. Regarding the drugs side effects, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the occurrence of nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, flushing, dizziness, headache, shivering, metallic taste, dyspnea, palpitations and itching.
CONCLUSIONS: Carbetocin is a better alternative to oxytocin in management of atonic PPH with non-significant hemodynamic changes or side effects .

PMID: 26511939 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]



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Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 3, 4, and 5 induces endolymphatic hydrops in mouse inner ear, as evaluated with repeated 9.4T MRI.

Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 3, 4, and 5 induces endolymphatic hydrops in mouse inner ear, as evaluated with repeated 9.4T MRI.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Aug 15;:1-8

Authors: Degerman E, In 't Zandt R, Pålbrink A, Eliasson L, Cayé-Thomasen P, Magnusson M

Abstract
CONCLUSION: The data indicate important roles for phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3, 4, 5, and related cAMP and cGMP pools in the regulation of inner ear fluid homeostasis. Thus, dysfunction of these enzymes might contribute to pathologies of the inner ear.
OBJECTIVE: The mechanisms underlying endolymphatic hydrops, a hallmark of inner ear dysfunction, are not known in detail; however, altered balance in cAMP and cGMP signaling systems appears to be involved. Key components of these systems are PDEs, enzymes that modulate the amplitude, duration, termination, and specificity of cAMP and cGMP signaling.
METHOD: To evaluate the role of PDE3, 4, and 5 and associated cAMP and cGMP pools in inner ear function, the effect of cilostamide (PDE3 inhibitor), rolipram (PDE4 inhibitor), and sildenafil (PDE5 inhibitor), administrated via mini-osmotic pumps, on mouse inner ear fluid homeostasis was evaluated using 9.4T in vivo MRI in combination with intraperitoneally administered Gadolinium contrast. Also, using human saccule as a model, the expression of PDEs and related signaling molecules and targets was studied using immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: PDE3, PDE4, as well as PDE5 inhibitors resulted in the development of endolymphatic hydrops. Furthermore, PDE3B, PDE4D, and some related signaling components were shown to be expressed in the human saccule.

PMID: 27685753 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Evaluation of gender-specific aspects in quality-of-life in patients with larynx carcinoma.

Evaluation of gender-specific aspects in quality-of-life in patients with larynx carcinoma.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Aug 9;:1-5

Authors: Tan S, Duong Dinh TA, Westhofen M

Abstract
CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that gender-specific differences in health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) exist in patients with larynx carcinoma. In previous studies these differences might have been concealed by predominantly male subject groups. Future studies should consider a gender-specific analysis that suits the patient's idiosyncrasies associated with laryngeal cancer.
OBJECTIVES: There is little research concerning gender differences in quality-of-life (QoL) in patients with larynx carcinoma. Since laryngeal cancer is predominantly found in males, most studies examining HRQoL are based on a mainly male subject group. HRQoL needs to be assessed to determine the impact of disease and treatment and to evaluate possible treatment regimes. This study examined gender differences concerning HRQoL in 53 patients using EORTC QLQ-C30, and QLQ-H&N35 questionnaires.
METHODS: Patients treated with larynx carcinoma were given two questionnaires to assess HRQoL. The questionnaires were analyzed for each sex separately, as well as for the entire population.
RESULTS: Female patients report significantly worse HRQoL than males. Age could not be identified as a significant predictor for HRQoL when males and females were analyzed together, and does not significantly predict HRQoL in men. However, age was found to be a significant predictor for HRQoL when only females were analyzed.

PMID: 27685601 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Facial reanimation using hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis after schwannoma removal.

Facial reanimation using hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis after schwannoma removal.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Aug 12;:1-7

Authors: Han JH, Suh MJ, Kim JW, Cho HS, Moon IS

Abstract
CONCLUSION: In this series, the split type hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis resulted in more favorable outcomes in terms of both facial function and tongue atrophy.
OBJECTIVE: This study compared surgical techniques for hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis after schwannoma removal and evaluated which technique achieves better facial outcomes and less tongue morbidity.
METHOD: This study included 14 patients who underwent hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis after schwannoma removal and were followed for more than 1 year. Three surgical techniques were performed: end-to-end, end-to-side, and split anastomoses. Facial palsy and tongue atrophy after anastomosis were evaluated using the scales suggested by House-Brackmann and Martins, respectively. Tumor volume and the time to surgery were also evaluated, and the effects on facial outcomes were analyzed.
RESULTS: Overall, nine of 14 (64.3%) patients had favorable facial outcomes, and eight of 14 (57.1%) had favorable tongue outcomes. Regarding facial palsy, five of seven (71.4%) end-to-end, three of four (75%) split, and only one of three (33.3%) end-to-side patients had favorable facial function. Regarding tongue atrophy, all three (100%) end-to-side, three of four (75%) split, and two of seven (28.6%) end-to-end patients had favorable tongue outcomes. The effects of tumor volume and time to surgery on facial outcome were not significant.

PMID: 27684271 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Investigation of resectability degree for adenoidal surgery in OSA children with the method of computational fluid dynamics.

Investigation of resectability degree for adenoidal surgery in OSA children with the method of computational fluid dynamics.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Aug 9;:1-4

Authors: Hu C, Han D, Zhou B, Zhang L, Li Y, Zang H, Li L

Abstract
CONCLUSION: From aspect of fluid dynamics, expanding patients' nasopharyngeal coronal-sectional area to 48.3-54.7% of normal area will bring the airflow velocity back to normal in adenoidal hypertrophy children. It might provide a suggestion for adenoidectomy range selection and whether total resection is necessary.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the nasopharyngeal airflow characteristics in pediatric OSA patients with adenoidal hypertrophy, and to explore the proper resection range for adenoidectomy Method: Nine OSA patients and four normal children were recruited. The CT scans of their upper airway were collected and used to construct three dimensional models for fluid dynamics analysis. Using computational fluid dynamics, indices such as velocity, pressure, and coronal-sectional area were calculated.
RESULTS: Compared with the normal, the OSA children showed three characteristics in nasopharyngeal: the airflow velocity was significantly higher (p < 0.05), the coronal-sectional area was significantly smaller (p < 0.01), while pressure showed no difference (p > 0.05). In a study of the relationship between velocity and coronal-sectional area, this study investigates different coronal-sectional areas from 30-300 mm(2). It was found that, when patients' nasopharyngeal coronal-sectional area was expanded over 155-170 mm(2), namely 48.3-54.7% of normal area, airflow velocity in nasopharyngeal showed no difference than normal.

PMID: 27684180 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Effects of Semont maneuver on benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a meta-analysis.

Effects of Semont maneuver on benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a meta-analysis.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Aug 12;:1-8

Authors: Zhang X, Qian X, Lu L, Chen J, Liu J, Lin C, Gao X

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common type of peripheral vertigo. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the Semont maneuver (SM) for BPPV treatment, compared with other methods.
METHODS: Studies were selected in relevant databases under pre-defined criteria up to June 2015. The Cochrane evaluation system was used to assess the quality of the studies. Effect size was indicated as a risk-ratio (RR) with corresponding 95% confidential interval (CI). Statistical analysis was conducted under a randomized- or fixed-effects model. Sub-group analysis was performed.
RESULTS: Ten studies were included in the meta-analysis. All of the studies presented a low attrition bias, but a high selection and reporting bias. SM had a much higher recovery rate (SM vs no treatment: RR = 2.60, 95% CI = 1.97-3.44, p < 0.01; SM vs sham: RR = 4.89, 95% CI = 3.01-7.94, p < 0.01), and lower recurrence rate than those from controls (SM vs no treatment: RR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.04-0.31, p < 0.01). Overall, SM had similar outcomes with Epley maneuver (EM) and Brandt-Daroff exercise (BDE) in terms of recovery rate, recurrence rate, and side-effects.
CONCLUSION: SM is as effective as EM and BDE for BPPV treatment.

PMID: 27683970 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Aspirating and Nonaspirating Swallow Sounds in Children: A Pilot Study.

Aspirating and Nonaspirating Swallow Sounds in Children: A Pilot Study.

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2016 Sep 28;

Authors: Frakking T, Chang A, O'Grady K, David M, Weir K

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cervical auscultation (CA) may be used to complement feeding/swallowing evaluations when assessing for aspiration. There are no published pediatric studies that compare the properties of sounds between aspirating and nonaspirating swallows.
AIM: To establish acoustic and perceptual profiles of aspirating and nonaspirating swallow sounds and determine if a difference exists between these 2 swallowing types.
METHODS: Aspiration sound clips were obtained from recordings using CA simultaneously undertaken with videofluoroscopic swallow study. Aspiration was determined using the Penetration-Aspiration Scale. The presence of perceptual swallow/breath parameters was rated by 2 speech pathologists who were blinded to the type of swallow. Acoustic data between groups were compared using Mann Whitney U-tests, while perceptual differences were determined by a test of 2 proportions. Combinations of perceptual parameters of 50 swallows (27 aspiration, 23 no aspiration) from 47 children (57% male) were statistically analyzed using area under a receiver operating characteristic (aROC), sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values to determine predictors of aspirating swallows.
RESULTS: The combination of post-swallow presence of wet breathing and wheeze and absence of GRS and normal breathing was the best predictor of aspiration (aROC = 0.82, 95% CI, 0.70-0.94). There were no significant differences between these 2 swallow types for peak frequency, duration, and peak amplitude.
CONCLUSION: Our pilot study has shown that certain characteristics of swallow obtained using CA may be useful in the prediction of aspiration. However, further research comparing the acoustic swallowing sound profiles of normal children to children with dysphagia (who are aspirating) on a larger scale is required.

PMID: 27683588 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Influence of preoperative pain in the success rate of indirect pulp capping: a retrospective study.

Influence of preoperative pain in the success rate of indirect pulp capping: a retrospective study.

Minerva Stomatol. 2016 Sep 29;

Authors: Moura-Netto C, Tedesco TK, Werner S, Volpi Mello-Moura AC, Prócida Raggio D

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The association of preoperative pain and indirect pulp treatment in permanent teeth is still unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of preoperative pain in the success rate of indirect pulp treatment.
METHODS: The sample of this retrospective study was constituted for 133 teeth treated in a Private clinic in Joinvile, Brazil, by one experienced dentist between 2007 and 2012. Data related to clinical and demographic variables that could influence in the success rate of indirect pulp capping were also collected, such patient age and sex, type of teeth and arch. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the association between preoperative pain with postoperative one and success of the treatment. Logistic regression was performed to identify significant clinical and demographical factors associated with the success of the indirect pulp capping.
RESULTS: The overall success rate was 100% in the absence of preoperative pain. However, when the preoperative pain was present, the failure rate was 18.3%. Statistical analysis showed significant association between preoperative pain and postoperative one and failure rate of the indirect pulp capping. The other independent variables were not associated with the success rate of the treatment.
CONCLUSION: The presence of preoperative pain is associated with the decrease of the success rate of indirect pulp capping.

PMID: 27681361 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Site-specific methylation patterns of the GAL and GALR1/2 genes in head and neck cancer: Potential utility as biomarkers for prognosis.

Site-specific methylation patterns of the GAL and GALR1/2 genes in head and neck cancer: Potential utility as biomarkers for prognosis.

Mol Carcinog. 2016 Sep 29;

Authors: Misawa K, Mochizuki D, Endo S, Mima M, Misawa Y, Imai A, Shinmura K, Kanazawa T, Carey TE, Mineta H

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of the promoter methylation status of galanin (GAL) and galanin receptor 1/2 (GALR1/2) by assessing their association with disease-free survival and known prognostic factors in head and neck cancer.
METHODS: We generated methylation profiles of GAL and GALR1/2 in tumor samples obtained from 202 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); these included 43 hypopharynx, 42 larynx, 59 oral cavity, and 58 oropharynx tumor samples. CpG island hypermethylation status of the 3 genes was analyzed using quantitative methylation-specific PCR (Q-MSP). In order to determine the prognostic value of the methylation status of these genes, the associations between methylation index and various clinical characteristics, especially tumor site, were assessed for tumors from patients with HNSCC.
RESULTS: The methylation index was positively correlated with female gender (P = 0.008) and disease recurrence (P = 0.01) in oral cancer and human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive (P = 0.004) status and disease recurrence (P = 0.005) in oropharyngeal cancer. Among patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer, promoter hypermethylation of GAL, GALR1, or GALR2 was statistically correlated with a decrease in disease-free survival (log-rank test, P = 0.036 and P = 0.042, respectively). Furthermore, methylation of GAL, GALR1, or GALR2 exhibited the highest association with poor survival (log-rank test, P = 0.018) in patients with HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancers.
CONCLUSIONS: As such, GAL and GALR1/2 methylation status may serve as an important site-specific biomarker for prediction of clinical outcome in patients with HNSCC. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID: 27685843 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Evaluation of gender-specific aspects in quality-of-life in patients with larynx carcinoma.

Evaluation of gender-specific aspects in quality-of-life in patients with larynx carcinoma.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Aug 9;:1-5

Authors: Tan S, Duong Dinh TA, Westhofen M

Abstract
CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that gender-specific differences in health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) exist in patients with larynx carcinoma. In previous studies these differences might have been concealed by predominantly male subject groups. Future studies should consider a gender-specific analysis that suits the patient's idiosyncrasies associated with laryngeal cancer.
OBJECTIVES: There is little research concerning gender differences in quality-of-life (QoL) in patients with larynx carcinoma. Since laryngeal cancer is predominantly found in males, most studies examining HRQoL are based on a mainly male subject group. HRQoL needs to be assessed to determine the impact of disease and treatment and to evaluate possible treatment regimes. This study examined gender differences concerning HRQoL in 53 patients using EORTC QLQ-C30, and QLQ-H&N35 questionnaires.
METHODS: Patients treated with larynx carcinoma were given two questionnaires to assess HRQoL. The questionnaires were analyzed for each sex separately, as well as for the entire population.
RESULTS: Female patients report significantly worse HRQoL than males. Age could not be identified as a significant predictor for HRQoL when males and females were analyzed together, and does not significantly predict HRQoL in men. However, age was found to be a significant predictor for HRQoL when only females were analyzed.

PMID: 27685601 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Head and Neck Margin Reduction With Adaptive Radiation Therapy: Robustness of Treatment Plans Against Anatomy Changes.

Head and Neck Margin Reduction With Adaptive Radiation Therapy: Robustness of Treatment Plans Against Anatomy Changes.

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2016 Nov 1;96(3):653-60

Authors: van Kranen S, Hamming-Vrieze O, Wolf A, Damen E, van Herk M, Sonke JJ

Abstract
PURPOSE: We set out to investigate loss of target coverage from anatomy changes in head and neck cancer patients as a function of applied safety margins and to verify a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based adaptive strategy with an average patient anatomy to overcome possible target underdosage.
METHODS AND MATERIALS: For 19 oropharyngeal cancer patients, volumetric modulated arc therapy treatment plans (2 arcs; simultaneous integrated boost, 70 and 54.25 Gy; 35 fractions) were automatically optimized with uniform clinical target volume (CTV)-to-planning target volume margins of 5, 3, and 0 mm. We applied b-spline CBCT-to-computed tomography (CT) deformable registration to allow recalculation of the dose on modified CT scans (planning CT deformed to daily CBCT following online positioning) and dose accumulation in the planning CT scan. Patients with deviations in primary or elective CTV coverage >2 Gy were identified as candidates for adaptive replanning. For these patients, a single adaptive intervention was simulated with an average anatomy from the first 10 fractions.
RESULTS: Margin reduction from 5 mm to 3 mm to 0 mm generally led to an organ-at-risk (OAR) mean dose (Dmean) sparing of approximately 1 Gy/mm. CTV shrinkage was mainly seen in the elective volumes (up to 10%), likely related to weight loss. Despite online repositioning, substantial systematic errors were present (>3 mm) in lymph node CTV, the parotid glands, and the larynx. Nevertheless, the average increase in OAR dose was small: maximum of 1.2 Gy (parotid glands, Dmean) for all applied margins. Loss of CTV coverage >2 Gy was found in 1, 3, and 7 of 73 CTVs, respectively. Adaptive intervention in 0-mm plans substantially improved coverage: in 5 of 7 CTVs (in 6 patients) to <2 Gy of initially planned.
CONCLUSIONS: Volumetric modulated arc therapy head and neck cancer treatment plans with 5-mm margins are robust for anatomy changes and show a modest increase in OAR dose. Margin reduction improves OAR sparing with approximately 1 Gy/mm at the expense of target coverage in a subgroup of patients. Patients at risk of CTV underdosage >2 Gy in 0-mm plans may be identified early in treatment using dose accumulation. A single intervention with an average anatomy derived from CBCT effectively mitigates discrepancies.

PMID: 27681762 [PubMed - in process]



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Methods for Reducing Normal Tissue Complication Probabilities in Oropharyngeal Cancer: Dose Reduction or Planning Target Volume Elimination.

Methods for Reducing Normal Tissue Complication Probabilities in Oropharyngeal Cancer: Dose Reduction or Planning Target Volume Elimination.

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2016 Nov 1;96(3):645-52

Authors: Samuels SE, Eisbruch A, Vineberg K, Lee J, Lee C, Matuszak MM, Ten Haken RK, Brock KK

Abstract
PURPOSE: Strategies to reduce the toxicities of head and neck radiation (ie, dysphagia [difficulty swallowing] and xerostomia [dry mouth]) are currently underway. However, the predicted benefit of dose and planning target volume (PTV) reduction strategies is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to compare the normal tissue complication probabilities (NTCP) for swallowing and salivary structures in standard plans (70 Gy [P70]), dose-reduced plans (60 Gy [P60]), and plans eliminating the PTV margin.
METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 38 oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) plans were analyzed. Standard organ-sparing volumetric modulated arc therapy plans (P70) were created and then modified by eliminating the PTVs and treating the clinical tumor volumes (CTVs) only (C70) or maintaining the PTV but reducing the dose to 60 Gy (P60). NTCP dose models for the pharyngeal constrictors, glottis/supraglottic larynx, parotid glands (PGs), and submandibular glands (SMGs) were analyzed. The minimal clinically important benefit was defined as a mean change in NTCP of >5%. The P70 NTCP thresholds and overlap percentages of the organs at risk with the PTVs (56-59 Gy, vPTV56) were evaluated to identify the predictors for NTCP improvement.
RESULTS: With the P60 plans, only the ipsilateral PG (iPG) benefited (23.9% vs 16.2%; P<.01). With the C70 plans, only the iPG (23.9% vs 17.5%; P<.01) and contralateral SMG (cSMG) (NTCP 32.1% vs 22.9%; P<.01) benefited. An iPG NTCP threshold of 20% and 30% predicted NTCP benefits for the P60 and C70 plans, respectively (P<.001). A cSMG NTCP threshold of 30% predicted for an NTCP benefit with the C70 plans (P<.001). Furthermore, for the iPG, a vPTV56 >13% predicted benefit with P60 (P<.001) and C70 (P=.002). For the cSMG, a vPTV56 >22% predicted benefit with C70 (P<.01).
CONCLUSIONS: PTV elimination and dose-reduction lowered the NTCP of the iPG, and PTV elimination lowered the NTCP of the cSMG. NTCP thresholds and the percentage of overlap of the PTV with organs at risk can predict which patients will benefit and inform future clinical trial design.

PMID: 27681761 [PubMed - in process]



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Stroke After Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer: What Is the Risk?

Stroke After Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer: What Is the Risk?

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2016 Nov 1;96(3):589-96

Authors: Arthurs E, Hanna TP, Zaza K, Peng Y, Hall SF

Abstract
PURPOSE: A retrospective population-based cohort study was conducted to determine the risk of ischemic stroke with respect to time, associated with curative radiation therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC).
METHODS AND MATERIALS: On the basis of data from the Ontario Cancer Registry and regional cancer treatment centers, 14,069 patients were identified with diagnoses of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, larynx, and pharynx who were treated for cure between 1990 and 2010. Hazards of stroke and time to stroke were examined, accounting for the competing risk of death. Stroke risk factors identified through diagnostic and procedural administrative codes were adjusted for in the comparison between treatment regimens, which included surgery alone versus radiation therapy alone and surgery alone versus any exposure to radiation therapy.
RESULTS: Overall, 6% of patients experienced an ischemic stroke after treatment, with 5% experiencing a stroke after surgery, 8% after radiation therapy alone, and 6% after any exposure to radiation therapy. The cause-specific hazard ratios of ischemic stroke after radiation therapy alone and after any exposure to radiation therapy compared with surgery were 1.70 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.41-2.05) and 1.46 (95% CI: 1.23-1.73), respectively, after adjustment for stroke risk factors, patient factors, and disease-related factors.
CONCLUSIONS: Radiation therapy was associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke compared with surgery alone: for both radiation therapy alone and after all treatment modalities that included any radiation treatment were combined. Because of a shift toward a younger HNSCC patient population, our results speak to the need for adequate follow-up and survivorship care among patients who have been treated with radiation therapy. Advances in treatment that minimize chronic morbidity also require further evaluation.

PMID: 27681754 [PubMed - in process]



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Single transverse extended incision for radical neck dissection.

Single transverse extended incision for radical neck dissection.

Rev Col Bras Cir. 2016 Jul-Aug;43(4):270-5

Authors: Chagas JF, Pascoal MB, Aquino JL, Brandi LA, Previtale EV, Trillo AS, Curioni OA, Rapoport A, Dedivitis RA

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: to assess the efficacy of the single transverse extended cervical incision in radical neck dissection.
METHOD: we conducted a prospective study, from January 2008 to January 2009, with 18 patients undergoing surgical treatment of malignant tumors of the upper aero-digestive tract. The primary lesion was located in the oral cavity in eight cases, in the oropharynx in three, in the hypopharynx in three, in the larynx in two, in the maxillary sinus, and in one case, the primary injury was hidden. There were 29 neck dissections, eight bilateral and 10 unilateral (26 radical and three selective). Staging revealed nine patients with T4 tumor, one T3, six T2, one T1 and one Tx. Five patients were N0, nine N2b, one N2c and three N3. The average number of dissected lymph nodes was 34.25. We performed the neck dissection through a single incision located in the middle neck, coincident with the skinfold, with a length of about 2 to 3 cm behind the anterior edge of the trapezius muscle and 3 to 4 cm from the midline for the unilateral neck dissections.
RESULTS: as complications, there were myocutaneous flap necrosis in one patient with prior radiation therapy, one lymphatic fistula, one dehiscence of the tracheostomy, one cervical abscess, one salivary fistula and one suture dehiscence.
CONCLUSIONS: the single extended incision provides adequate exposure of the neck structures, without compromising surgical time, even in bilateral dissections. It does not compromise the resection of all cervical lymph nodes; it has excellent aesthetic and functional results and is easily associated with other approaches to resection of the primary tumor.
OBJETIVO: verificar a eficácia da incisão cervical única, transversa e estendida, para o esvaziamento cervical radical.
M?TODO: estudo prospectivo, de janeiro de 2008 a janeiro de 2009, de 18 pacientes submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico de tumores malignos da via aero-digestiva superior. A lesão primária se situava na cavidade oral em oito casos, na orofaringe em três, no seio piriforme em três, na laringe em dois, no seio maxilar em um e em um caso a lesão primária era oculta. Houve 29 esvaziamentos, sendo oito bilaterais e 10 unilaterais (26 radicais e três seletivos). O estadiamento revelou nove pacientes com tumor T4, um T3, seis T2, um T1 e um Tx. Cinco pacientes eram N0, nove N2b, um N2c e três N3. A média de linfonodos dissecados foi de 34,25. O esvaziamento cervical foi realizado por meio de uma única incisão localizada no terço médio do pescoço, coincidente com dobra cutânea, com extensão de cerca de 2 a 3 cm para trás da borda anterior do músculo trapézio e 3 a 4 cm da linha média para os esvaziamentos cervicais unilaterais.
RESULTADOS: como complicações houve necrose de retalho miocutâneo em um paciente com radioterapia prévia, uma fistula linfática, uma deiscência do traqueostoma, um abscesso cervical, uma fístula salivar e uma deiscência de sutura.
CONCLUS?ES: a incisão única e estendida proporciona exposição adequada das estruturas do pescoço, sem comprometer o tempo cirúrgico, mesmo em esvaziamentos bilaterais. Não compromete a ressecção de todos os linfonodos cervicais, apresenta excelentes resultados estéticos e funcionais e é facilmente associada com outras abordagens para ressecção do tumor primário.

PMID: 27679947 [PubMed - in process]



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Safety of paediatric day-stay laryngeal surgery for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.

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Safety of paediatric day-stay laryngeal surgery for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Mar;82:116-9

Authors: Gruber M, Mills N, Blair D, Van Der Meer G, Mahadevan M

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Safety assessment of day-stay laryngeal surgery in a cohort of children with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a chronic debilitating disease which usually requires multiple recurrent interventions under general anaesthesia. Day-stay surgery is an attractive option as it allows avoiding the inconvenience and costs of routine overnight admissions while recovering in the safe environment of the family home. This is the first study to assess the safety of day-stay laryngeal surgery in this cohort of patients.
METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of all consecutive RRP procedures performed between December 1998 and May 2015 in a single paediatric tertiary-level hospital.
RESULTS: A total of 465 surgical procedures were performed in 20 patients. Average age on diagnosis was 4.5 years. 415 (89.25%) of the procedures were done as day cases without overnight admission. Average number of procedures per patient was 20 and 25 for Children positive to HPV6 and HPV11, respectively. Only one patient after one single procedure (presenting 0.21% of total procedures, 0.24% of day-stay procedures) represented after discharge.
CONCLUSIONS: Day-stay surgery for children with RRP has a favourable safety profile in selected cases.

PMID: 26857327 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]



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The role of larygotracheal reconstruction in the management of recurrent croup in patients with subglottic stenosis.

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The role of larygotracheal reconstruction in the management of recurrent croup in patients with subglottic stenosis.

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Mar;82:78-80

Authors: Siegel B, Thottam P, Mehta D

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To determine the role of laryngotracheal reconstruction for recurrent croup and evaluate surgical outcomes in this cohort of patients.
METHODS: Retrospective chart review at a tertiary care pediatric hospital.
RESULTS: Six patients who underwent laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) for recurrent croup with underlying subglottic stenosis were identified through a search of our IRB-approved airway database. At the time of diagnostic bronchoscopy, all 6 patients had grade 2 subglottic stenosis. All patients were treated for reflux and underwent esophageal biopsies at the time of diagnostic bronchoscopy; 1 patient had eosinophilic esophagitis which was treated. All patients had a history of at least 3 episodes of croup in a 1 year period requiring multiple hospital admissions. Average age at the time of LTR was 39 months (range 13-69); 5 patients underwent anterior graft only and 1 patient underwent anterior and posterior grafts. Patients were intubated for an average of 5 (range 3-8) days and hospitalized for an average of 12 (range 7-20) days post-operatively. One patient experienced narcotic withdrawal post-operatively, but there were no other post-operative complications. All patients underwent follow-up airway endoscopy within 4 weeks and none required any further dilation procedures. Average post-operative follow-up was 24 months (range 10-48) and none of the patients experienced any further episodes of croup.
CONCLUSIONS: Single stage LTR is a safe and effective treatment for recurrent croup in the setting of underlying subglottic stenosis, and should be considered in patients who are refractory to medical management.

PMID: 26857320 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]



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Conjunctival Goblet Cell Function: Effect of Contact Lens Wear and Cytokines.

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Conjunctival Goblet Cell Function: Effect of Contact Lens Wear and Cytokines.

Eye Contact Lens. 2016 Mar;42(2):83-90

Authors: García-Posadas L, Contreras-Ruiz L, Soriano-Romaní L, Dartt DA, Diebold Y

Abstract
This review focuses on conjunctival goblet cells and their essential function in the maintenance of eye health. The main function of goblet cells is to produce and secrete mucins that lubricate the ocular surface. An excess or a defect in those mucins leads to several alterations that makes goblet cells central players in maintaining the proper mucin balance and ensuring the correct function of ocular surface tissues. A typical pathology that occurs with mucous deficiency is dry eye disease, whereas the classical example of mucous hyperproduction is allergic conjunctivitis. In this review, we analyze how goblet cell number and function can be altered in these diseases and in contact lens (CL) wearers. We found that most published studies focused exclusively on the goblet cell number. However, recent advances have demonstrated that, along with mucin secretion, goblet cells are also able to secrete cytokines and respond to them. We describe the effect of different cytokines on goblet cell proliferation and secretion. We conclude that it is important to further explore the effect of CL wear and cytokines on conjunctival goblet cell function.

PMID: 26067396 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]



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Clinical Management of Children with Cochlear Implants.

Clinical Management of Children with Cochlear Implants.

Cochlear Implants Int. 2016 Sep 29;:1

Authors: Graham J

PMID: 27682416 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Stimulation from Cochlear Implant Electrodes Assists with Recovery from Asymmetric Perceptual Tilt: Evidence from the Subjective Visual Vertical Test.

Stimulation from Cochlear Implant Electrodes Assists with Recovery from Asymmetric Perceptual Tilt: Evidence from the Subjective Visual Vertical Test.

Front Integr Neurosci. 2016;10:32

Authors: Gnanasegaram JJ, Parkes WJ, Cushing SL, McKnight CL, Papsin BC, Gordon KA

Abstract
Vestibular end organ impairment is highly prevalent in children who have sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) rehabilitated with cochlear implants (CIs). As a result, spatial perception is likely to be impacted in this population. Of particular interest is the perception of visual vertical because it reflects a perceptual tilt in the roll axis and is sensitive to an imbalance in otolith function. The objectives of the present study were thus to identify abnormalities in perception of the vertical plane in children with SNHL and determine whether such abnormalities could be resolved with stimulation from the CI. Participants included 53 children (15.2 ± 4.0 years of age) with SNHL and vestibular loss, confirmed with vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) testing. Testing protocol was validated in a sample of nine young adults with normal hearing (28.8 ± 7.7 years). Perception of visual vertical was assessed using the static Subjective Visual Vertical (SVV) test performed with and without stimulation in the participants with cochleovestibular loss. Trains of electrical pulses were delivered by an electrode in the left and/or right ear. Asymmetric spatial orientation deficits were found in nearly half of the participants with CIs (24/53 [45%]). The abnormal perception in this cohort was exacerbated by visual tilts in the direction of their deficit. Electric pulse trains delivered using the CI shifted this abnormal perception towards center (i.e., normal; p = 0.007). Importantly, this benefit was realized regardless of which ear was stimulated. These results suggest a role for CI stimulation beyond the auditory system, in particular, for improving vestibular/balance function.

PMID: 27679562 [PubMed]



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Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 3, 4, and 5 induces endolymphatic hydrops in mouse inner ear, as evaluated with repeated 9.4T MRI.

Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 3, 4, and 5 induces endolymphatic hydrops in mouse inner ear, as evaluated with repeated 9.4T MRI.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Aug 15;:1-8

Authors: Degerman E, In 't Zandt R, Pålbrink A, Eliasson L, Cayé-Thomasen P, Magnusson M

Abstract
CONCLUSION: The data indicate important roles for phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3, 4, 5, and related cAMP and cGMP pools in the regulation of inner ear fluid homeostasis. Thus, dysfunction of these enzymes might contribute to pathologies of the inner ear.
OBJECTIVE: The mechanisms underlying endolymphatic hydrops, a hallmark of inner ear dysfunction, are not known in detail; however, altered balance in cAMP and cGMP signaling systems appears to be involved. Key components of these systems are PDEs, enzymes that modulate the amplitude, duration, termination, and specificity of cAMP and cGMP signaling.
METHOD: To evaluate the role of PDE3, 4, and 5 and associated cAMP and cGMP pools in inner ear function, the effect of cilostamide (PDE3 inhibitor), rolipram (PDE4 inhibitor), and sildenafil (PDE5 inhibitor), administrated via mini-osmotic pumps, on mouse inner ear fluid homeostasis was evaluated using 9.4T in vivo MRI in combination with intraperitoneally administered Gadolinium contrast. Also, using human saccule as a model, the expression of PDEs and related signaling molecules and targets was studied using immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: PDE3, PDE4, as well as PDE5 inhibitors resulted in the development of endolymphatic hydrops. Furthermore, PDE3B, PDE4D, and some related signaling components were shown to be expressed in the human saccule.

PMID: 27685753 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Evaluation of gender-specific aspects in quality-of-life in patients with larynx carcinoma.

Evaluation of gender-specific aspects in quality-of-life in patients with larynx carcinoma.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Aug 9;:1-5

Authors: Tan S, Duong Dinh TA, Westhofen M

Abstract
CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that gender-specific differences in health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) exist in patients with larynx carcinoma. In previous studies these differences might have been concealed by predominantly male subject groups. Future studies should consider a gender-specific analysis that suits the patient's idiosyncrasies associated with laryngeal cancer.
OBJECTIVES: There is little research concerning gender differences in quality-of-life (QoL) in patients with larynx carcinoma. Since laryngeal cancer is predominantly found in males, most studies examining HRQoL are based on a mainly male subject group. HRQoL needs to be assessed to determine the impact of disease and treatment and to evaluate possible treatment regimes. This study examined gender differences concerning HRQoL in 53 patients using EORTC QLQ-C30, and QLQ-H&N35 questionnaires.
METHODS: Patients treated with larynx carcinoma were given two questionnaires to assess HRQoL. The questionnaires were analyzed for each sex separately, as well as for the entire population.
RESULTS: Female patients report significantly worse HRQoL than males. Age could not be identified as a significant predictor for HRQoL when males and females were analyzed together, and does not significantly predict HRQoL in men. However, age was found to be a significant predictor for HRQoL when only females were analyzed.

PMID: 27685601 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Facial reanimation using hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis after schwannoma removal.

Facial reanimation using hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis after schwannoma removal.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Aug 12;:1-7

Authors: Han JH, Suh MJ, Kim JW, Cho HS, Moon IS

Abstract
CONCLUSION: In this series, the split type hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis resulted in more favorable outcomes in terms of both facial function and tongue atrophy.
OBJECTIVE: This study compared surgical techniques for hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis after schwannoma removal and evaluated which technique achieves better facial outcomes and less tongue morbidity.
METHOD: This study included 14 patients who underwent hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis after schwannoma removal and were followed for more than 1 year. Three surgical techniques were performed: end-to-end, end-to-side, and split anastomoses. Facial palsy and tongue atrophy after anastomosis were evaluated using the scales suggested by House-Brackmann and Martins, respectively. Tumor volume and the time to surgery were also evaluated, and the effects on facial outcomes were analyzed.
RESULTS: Overall, nine of 14 (64.3%) patients had favorable facial outcomes, and eight of 14 (57.1%) had favorable tongue outcomes. Regarding facial palsy, five of seven (71.4%) end-to-end, three of four (75%) split, and only one of three (33.3%) end-to-side patients had favorable facial function. Regarding tongue atrophy, all three (100%) end-to-side, three of four (75%) split, and two of seven (28.6%) end-to-end patients had favorable tongue outcomes. The effects of tumor volume and time to surgery on facial outcome were not significant.

PMID: 27684271 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Investigation of resectability degree for adenoidal surgery in OSA children with the method of computational fluid dynamics.

Investigation of resectability degree for adenoidal surgery in OSA children with the method of computational fluid dynamics.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Aug 9;:1-4

Authors: Hu C, Han D, Zhou B, Zhang L, Li Y, Zang H, Li L

Abstract
CONCLUSION: From aspect of fluid dynamics, expanding patients' nasopharyngeal coronal-sectional area to 48.3-54.7% of normal area will bring the airflow velocity back to normal in adenoidal hypertrophy children. It might provide a suggestion for adenoidectomy range selection and whether total resection is necessary.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the nasopharyngeal airflow characteristics in pediatric OSA patients with adenoidal hypertrophy, and to explore the proper resection range for adenoidectomy Method: Nine OSA patients and four normal children were recruited. The CT scans of their upper airway were collected and used to construct three dimensional models for fluid dynamics analysis. Using computational fluid dynamics, indices such as velocity, pressure, and coronal-sectional area were calculated.
RESULTS: Compared with the normal, the OSA children showed three characteristics in nasopharyngeal: the airflow velocity was significantly higher (p < 0.05), the coronal-sectional area was significantly smaller (p < 0.01), while pressure showed no difference (p > 0.05). In a study of the relationship between velocity and coronal-sectional area, this study investigates different coronal-sectional areas from 30-300 mm(2). It was found that, when patients' nasopharyngeal coronal-sectional area was expanded over 155-170 mm(2), namely 48.3-54.7% of normal area, airflow velocity in nasopharyngeal showed no difference than normal.

PMID: 27684180 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Effects of Semont maneuver on benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a meta-analysis.

Effects of Semont maneuver on benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a meta-analysis.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Aug 12;:1-8

Authors: Zhang X, Qian X, Lu L, Chen J, Liu J, Lin C, Gao X

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common type of peripheral vertigo. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the Semont maneuver (SM) for BPPV treatment, compared with other methods.
METHODS: Studies were selected in relevant databases under pre-defined criteria up to June 2015. The Cochrane evaluation system was used to assess the quality of the studies. Effect size was indicated as a risk-ratio (RR) with corresponding 95% confidential interval (CI). Statistical analysis was conducted under a randomized- or fixed-effects model. Sub-group analysis was performed.
RESULTS: Ten studies were included in the meta-analysis. All of the studies presented a low attrition bias, but a high selection and reporting bias. SM had a much higher recovery rate (SM vs no treatment: RR = 2.60, 95% CI = 1.97-3.44, p < 0.01; SM vs sham: RR = 4.89, 95% CI = 3.01-7.94, p < 0.01), and lower recurrence rate than those from controls (SM vs no treatment: RR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.04-0.31, p < 0.01). Overall, SM had similar outcomes with Epley maneuver (EM) and Brandt-Daroff exercise (BDE) in terms of recovery rate, recurrence rate, and side-effects.
CONCLUSION: SM is as effective as EM and BDE for BPPV treatment.

PMID: 27683970 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Laminoplasty with lateral mass screw fixation for cervical spondylotic myelopathy in patients with athetoid cerebral palsy: A retrospective study.

Laminoplasty with lateral mass screw fixation for cervical spondylotic myelopathy in patients with athetoid cerebral palsy: A retrospective study.

Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Sep;95(39):e5033

Authors: Zhou H, Liu ZJ, Wang SB, Pan SF, Yan M, Zhang FS, Sun Y

Abstract
Although several studies report various treatment solutions for cervical spondylotic myelopathy in patients with athetoid cerebral palsy, long-term follow-up studies are very rare. None of the reported treatment solutions represent a gold standard for this disease owing to the small number of cases and lack of long-term follow-up. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of laminoplasty with lateral mass screw fixation to treat cervical spondylotic myelopathy in patients with athetoid cerebral palsy from a single center.This retrospective study included 15 patients (9 male patients and 6 female patients) with athetoid cerebral palsy who underwent laminoplasty with lateral mass screw fixation for cervical spondylotic myelopathy at our hospital between March 2006 and June 2010. Demographic variables, radiographic parameters, and pre- and postoperative clinical outcomes determined by the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and visual analog scale (VAS) scores were assessed.The mean follow-up time was 80.5 months. Developmental cervical spinal canal stenosis (P = 0.02) and cervical lordosis (P = 0.04) were significantly correlated with lower preoperative modified JOA scores. The mean modified JOA scores increased from 7.97 preoperatively to 12.1 postoperatively (P < 0.01). The mean VAS score decreased from 5.30 to 3.13 (P < 0.01), and the mean NDI score decreased from 31.73 to 19.93 (P < 0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between developmental cervical spinal canal stenosis and recovery rate of the modified JOA score (P = 0.01).Developmental cervical spinal canal stenosis is significantly related to neurological function in patients with athetoid cerebral palsy. Laminoplasty with lateral mass screw fixation is an effective treatment for cervical spondylotic myelopathy in patients with athetoid cerebral palsy and developmental cervical spinal canal stenosis.

PMID: 27684879 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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DEFB1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to recurrent tonsillitis in Italian children.

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DEFB1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to recurrent tonsillitis in Italian children.

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Apr;83:12-5

Authors: Zupin L, Polesello V, Grasso DL, Crovella S, Segat L

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The tonsils are secondary lymphoid organs fundamental for immune system response against pathogens within the oral cavity. Tonsillitis refers to inflammation of the pharyngeal tonsils that may include the adenoids and the lingual tonsils and that can be acute, recurrent, and chronic. Viral or bacterial infections, as well as immunologic factors are the main trigger to tonsillitis and disease's chronicity: the host immune responses, especially the innate one, could play an important role in susceptibility to the disease.
OBJECTIVES: The current study aims at investigating the role of functional polymorphisms in the 5'UTR (c.-52G>A, c.-44G>C and c.-20G>A) of DEFB1 gene, encoding for the antimicrobial peptide human beta-defensin 1, in the predisposition to recurrent tonsillitis in children from North Eastern Italy.
RESULTS: No significant correlation was found between DEFB1 allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies and recurrent tonsillitis susceptibility with the exception of an increased risk to disease development in patients carrying DEFB1 rare haplotypes.
CONCLUSION: Our results may suggest that DEFB1 polymorphisms alone may not influence pathology susceptibility, however they could possibly concur, together with other factors involved in the genetic control of innate immune system, in the predisposition towards recurrent tonsillitis.

PMID: 26968045 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]



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Double nasoseptal flap technique for endonasal pituitary surgery.

Double nasoseptal flap technique for endonasal pituitary surgery.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Sep 28;

Authors: Gode S, Biceroglu H, Turhal G, Erdogan U, Ates MS, Kaya I, Ozgiray E, Midilli R, Karci B

Abstract
Endoscopic endonasal approach has been successfully used for the management of pituitary tumors; however, the loss of septal mucosa especially around sphenoethmoidal recess and posterior nasal septum might be a disadvantage of this technique. The aim of this study is to describe a variation of the endonasal approach, "double nasoseptal flap" technique in endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery, and to evaluate its outcomes. The technique depends on fully harvested bigger nasoseptal flap on one side and smaller on the other. Thirty patients were included. Functional results were assessed by preoperative and postoperative first month visual analogue scale (VAS), and morphology was evaluated by achieving intact septum from the sphenoid ostium to the columella. Sphenoid sinusitis, the presence of synechia and crusting in the sphenoethmoidal recess was also assessed. Mean VAS was 71 and 67 mm preoperatively and postoperatively, respectively (p > 0.01). There were no septal perforations, synechia, and sphenoid sinusitis postoperatively. Three patients had (10 %) crusts on sphenoethmoidal recess on first month postoperatively. Double nasoseptal flap technique has advantages, such as wider exposure during surgery; prepared flaps could be used if needed, better morphological and functional outcomes postoperatively. The technique is safe without any perforations and minimal crusting.

PMID: 27683301 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Catamnesis results of an inpatient neuro-otologic and psychosomatic tinnitus therapy 1-5 years after discharge.

Catamnesis results of an inpatient neuro-otologic and psychosomatic tinnitus therapy 1-5 years after discharge.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Sep 28;

Authors: Schaaf H, Weiß S, Hesse G

Abstract
Treating tinnitus with the resources offered in hospitals can become necessary for patients suffering from complex tinnitus if a high symptom severity, usually accompanied by a corresponding psychosomatic comorbidity, is present. For such costly therapies, for example, the neuro-otologic psychosomatic tinnitus therapy (NPT) examined here, the long-term effect is particularly important; however, reliable catamnesis studies for inpatient treatments are not yet available. Data from 169 (from a total of 327 contacted) inpatients suffering from complex tinnitus were analysed here. To assess the tinnitus stress, the Mini-Tinnitus Questionnaire (Mini-TF12-In German language) according to Hiller and Goebel [1], and for the assessment of the anxiety and depression element, the German version of the Hospitality Anxiety and Depression Score (HADS) [2] were analysed at the start of the therapy, at the end of the therapy and at the earliest 1 year (up to 5 years) after discharge from inpatient treatment. The data were correlated with the current hearing status. In addition, the subjectively perceived effect factors of the therapy as well as the therapies continued outside of hospital were queried. On average, the therapy lasted 39.3 days (SD 13.6) = 5.6 weeks, and the mean of the follow-up time was 38.5 months (12-70 months) (SD 18). The therapy focused on daily neuro-otologic counselling, the improvement of the concrete hearing ability, an audio-therapy as well as frequent individual and group psychotherapy based on neuro-otology. 53.8 % of patients experienced relevant hearing loss (according to WHO criteria) which needed to be treated in addition to tinnitus. Both at the end of the therapy and the follow-up consultation, a significant improvement of the tinnitus stress and a continuing significant improvement of the depression and anxiety element could be achieved in the HADS with high effect levels ranging from 1 to 2.5. Patients who did not improve (n = 7) or even deteriorated (n = 2) demonstrated increased hearing impairment, requiring hearing aids. During the therapy, particularly, the neuro-otologic counselling, the psychotherapy, and the audio-therapy were experienced as effective. After discharge from hospital, especially, the progressive muscle relaxation according to Jacobsen was continued, as well as psychotherapy. With the corresponding symptomatic suffering, an inpatient hospitalisation and tinnitus therapy with neuro-otologic and psychosomatic alignment can achieve medium-to-high-grade therapeutic effects. This requires a disorder-specific approach, which also includes the elements of neuro-otologic counselling, psychotherapy as well as audio-therapy, and the possibility of providing hearing aids and an approach which aims at the continuation of the therapies experienced as helpful.

PMID: 27683300 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the SNOT-22 into Italian.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the SNOT-22 into Italian.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Sep 27;

Authors: Mozzanica F, Preti A, Gera R, Gallo S, Bulgheroni C, Bandi F, Ottaviani F, Castelnuovo P

Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Italian SNOT-22 (I-SNOT-22). The study consisted of five phases: item generation, reliability analysis, normative data generation, validity analysis and responsiveness analysis. The item generation phase followed the five-step, cross-cultural, adaptation process of translation and back-translation. A group of 222 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) were enrolled for the internal consistency analysis. Sixty patients completed the I-SNOT-22 twice, 2 weeks apart, for test-retest reliability analysis. A group of 119 asymptomatic subjects completed the I-SNOT-22 for normative data generation. I-SNOT-22 scores obtained by CRS patients and asymptomatic subjects were compared for validity analysis. I-SNOT-22 scores were correlated with Lund-Mackay and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores in 50 CRS patients for criterion validity analysis. Finally, I-SNOT-22 scores obtained in a group of 59 CRS patients before and after surgical treatment for CRS were compared for responsiveness analysis. All the enrolled subjects managed to complete the I-SNOT-22 without needing any assistance. Internal consistency was satisfactory (α = 0.86). Test-retest reliability was also satisfactory (ICC = 0.85). A significant difference in the I-SNOT-22 scores between the CRS patients and the asymptomatic subjects was found (p < 0.008). Positive significant correlations were found between I-SNOT-22 and VAS scores, while no significant correlations were found between I-SNOT-22 scores and Lund-Mackay scores. I-SNOT-22 scores obtained in the pre-treatment condition were significantly higher than those obtained after surgery. I-SNOT-22 is reliable, valid, responsive to changes in QOL, and recommended for clinical practice and outcome research.

PMID: 27677485 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Oropharyngeal dysphagia in older persons - from pathophysiology to adequate intervention: a review and summary of an international expert meeting.

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Oropharyngeal dysphagia in older persons - from pathophysiology to adequate intervention: a review and summary of an international expert meeting.

Clin Interv Aging. 2016;11:189-208

Authors: Wirth R, Dziewas R, Beck AM, Clavé P, Hamdy S, Heppner HJ, Langmore S, Leischker AH, Martino R, Pluschinski P, Rösler A, Shaker R, Warnecke T, Sieber CC, Volkert D

Abstract
Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) is a highly prevalent and growing condition in the older population. Although OD may cause very severe complications, it is often not detected, explored, and treated. Older patients are frequently unaware of their swallowing dysfunction which is one of the reasons why the consequences of OD, ie, aspiration, dehydration, and malnutrition, are regularly not attributed to dysphagia. Older patients are particularly vulnerable to dysphagia because multiple age-related changes increase the risk of dysphagia. Physicians in charge of older patients should be aware that malnutrition, dehydration, and pneumonia are frequently caused by (unrecognized) dysphagia. The diagnosis is particularly difficult in the case of silent aspiration. In addition to numerous screening tools, videofluoroscopy was the traditional gold standard of diagnosing OD. Recently, the fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing is increasingly utilized because it has several advantages. Besides making a diagnosis, fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing is applied to evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic maneuvers and texture modification of food and liquids. In addition to swallowing training and nutritional interventions, newer rehabilitation approaches of stimulation techniques are showing promise and may significantly impact future treatment strategies.

PMID: 26966356 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]



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[Drug therapy of otorhinolaryngological diseases in pregnancy : An update].

[Drug therapy of otorhinolaryngological diseases in pregnancy : An update].

HNO. 2016 Sep 28;

Authors: Riepl R, Friebe-Hoffmann U

Abstract
The majority of women take at least one form of medication during pregnancy. Due to often discrepant information about the risk assessment of pharmaceuticals during pregnancy, physicians are often beset by uncertainty with respect to prescription and the fear of medicolegal consequences is high. As prospective clinical trials on drug safety during pregnancy are prohibited due to ethical reasons and animal studies are of limited applicability to humans, drug recommendations often only rely on observational data. An objective examination of the topic not only contributes to effective treatment of illnesses in pregnancy but also prevents impairment of fetal outcome by omission of necessary maternal treatment. The aim of this article is to give a structured presentation of medications that can be used during pregnancy for treating medical conditions of the ear, nose and throat, in the sense of practical guidelines.

PMID: 27680545 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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[Simulation in surgical training].

[Simulation in surgical training].

HNO. 2016 Sep 28;

Authors: Nabavi A, Schipper J

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Patient safety during operations hinges on the surgeon's skills and abilities. However, surgical training has come under a variety of restrictions. To acquire dexterity with decreasingly "simple" cases, within the legislative time constraints and increasing expectations for surgical results is the future challenge.
OBJECTIVES: Are there alternatives to traditional master-apprentice learning?
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review and analysis of the development, implementation, and evaluation of surgical simulation are presented.
RESULTS: Simulation, using a variety of methods, most important physical and virtual (computer-generated) models, provides a safe environment to practice basic and advanced skills without endangering patients. These environments have specific strengths and weaknesses.
CONCLUSIONS: Simulations can only serve to decrease the slope of learning curves, but cannot be a substitute for the real situation. Thus, they have to be an integral part of a comprehensive training curriculum. Our surgical societies have to take up that challenge to ensure the training of future generations.

PMID: 27680544 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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[Speech audiometry, speech perception and cognitive functions. German version].

[Speech audiometry, speech perception and cognitive functions. German version].

HNO. 2016 Sep 28;

Authors: Meister H

Abstract
Examination of cognitive functions in the framework of speech perception has recently gained increasing scientific and clinical interest. Especially against the background of age-related hearing impairment and cognitive decline potential new perspectives in terms of better individualisation of auditory diagnosis and rehabilitation might arise. This review addresses the relationships of speech audiometry, speech perception and cognitive functions. It presents models of speech perception, discusses associations of neuropsychological with audiometric outcomes and shows recent efforts to consider cognitive functions with speech audiometry.

PMID: 27680543 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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