Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου

Τετάρτη 2 Φεβρουαρίου 2022

Artemisinin resistance: an important emerging clinical problem in tropical medicine

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Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol. 2021 Dec 15;13(6):152-157. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

Artemisinin is an important antimalarial drug which is originated and developed from Chinese traditional herbal regimen. At present, artemisinin is used as an antimalarial drug for treatment of drug resistant malarial infection. The effectiveness of artemisinin is clinically accepted. Hence, artemisinin is currently used as main drug for malaria treatment in many tropical countries. Artemisinin resistance is a new emerging clinical problem in tropical medicine. New mutation can result in artemisinin resistance and the resistance becomes important new emerging problem in clinical malariology. It is necessary to control of artemisinin use and searching for new effective drug against artemisinin resistant malaria. In this article, the authors summarizes on important updated information regarding artemisinin resistance.

PMID:35103097 | PMC:PMC8784654

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Modified genioglossus advancement with radiofrequency tongue base reduction for retroglossal collapse in obstructive sleep apnea patients

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Publication date: Available online 2 February 2022

Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology

Author(s): Tarek Abdelzaher Emara, Ahmed Ashraf S. Elhamshary, Ahmed Soliman Elkady, Ahmed Mohamed Mahmoud Elhewity, Hesham Abdelrahman Abdelsamee

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Evaluation of different setting configurations with a new developed telemedical interface of a parallel kinematic robotic system ‐ an experimental development study

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ABSTRACT

Background

For development of a minimally invasive intracorporal micromanipulator, a master-slave telemanipulation system was required.

Methods

Different input positions for a tablet-based input device with a heads-up centered screen were evaluated. Personal preference was assessed using a questionnaire. Then, the most ergonomic and intuitive position was compared to a surgical reference position based on laparoscopic sigmoid resection.

Results

After comparing a 45°, 75° (pitch) and 60°/20° (pitch/yaw) to a 60° reference position no significant differences in processing time and number of failures could be demonstrated. Study participants indicated the 60°/20° position as the most comfortable in the questionnaire. This was therefore compared with the laparoscopic reference position, both sitting and standing. Here, the laparoscopic sitting position was perceived to be the most ergonomic.

Conclusions

The developed input device offers a maximum of flexibility and individualization to reach ergonomic and intuitive conditions. General recommendations regarding an optimal setting cannot be given, based on our results.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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The 'hyperdense basivertebral vein' sign: another marker of a CSF-venous fistula

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Neuroradiology. 2022 Feb 1. doi: 10.1007/s00234-022-02908-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

CSF-venous fistulas - initially described in 2014 - are a significant cause of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Dynamic lateral decubitus digital subtraction and/or CT myelography typically show a hyperdense paraspinal vein. In case of a central drainage toward the internal vertebral venous plexus, it is the "hyperdense basivertebral vein" which should be searched for carefully.

PMID:35106631 | DOI:10.1007/s00234-022-02908-x

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An analysis of hematological, coagulation and biochemical markers in COVID-19 disease and their association with clinical severity and mortality: an Indian outlook

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Am J Blood Res. 2021 Dec 15;11(6):580-591. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The "cytokine storm" (CS) in COVID-19 leads to the worst stage of illness which can be controlled only with timely intervention. There is an urgent need to identify laboratory markers of disease progression for optimum allocation of resources in developing countries like India.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 COVID-19 positive patients over two months. The cases were sub-classified based on disease severity into mild to moderate (n=61), severe (n=26) and very severe (n=13) and into survivors (n=85) and non-survivors (n=15) based on survivor status. These patients were tested for hematological parameters (total blood lymphocyte counts, NLR, PLR, platelet indices etc.), coagulation markers (D-dimer, fibrin degradation products (FDP), fibrinogen etc.) and biochemical markers (LDH, ferritin, IL-6, procalcitonin, hs-CRP).

RESU LTS: Statistically significant differences were observed in hematological variables (ANC, NLR and ESR), coagulation parameters (D-dimer, FDP, fibrinogen and thrombin time) and biochemical markers (LDH, ferritin, IL-6, procalcitonin and hs-CRP) with regard to subcategories based of disease severity as well as survivor status. There was strong correlation between NLR, D-dimer, IL-6, procalcitonin and ferritin. IL-6 emerged as the single best marker of disease severity (AUC: 0.997, P=0.00), however procalcitonin, LDH, D-dimer, FDP and NLR could also predict severe disease with a good sensitivity and specificity.

CONCLUSION: To conclude, study demonstrates a plethora of biomarkers which could be utilized to accurately identify the hyperinflammation and tissue damage reminiscent of cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients so that timely, safe, and effective therapies can be administered to prevent progression and potentially reduce mortality.

PMID:35103112 | PMC:PMC8784646

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A review of neoplasms with MITF/MiT family translocations

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Histol Histopathol. 2022 Feb 2:18426. doi: 10.14670/HH-18-426. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF/MiT) family is a group of basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) transcription factors including TFE3 (TFEA), TFEB, TFEC and MITF. The first renal neoplasms involving MITF family translocation were renal cell carcinomas with chromosome translocations involving ASPL-TFE3/t(X;17)(p11.23;q25) or MALAT1-TFEB/t(6;11)(p21.1;q12), and now it is known as MiT family translocation RCC in 2016 WHO classification. Translocations involving MITF family genes also are found in other tumor types, such as perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm (PEComa), Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS), epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, ossifying fibromyxoid tumor (OFMT), and clear cell tumor with melanocytic differentiation and ACTIN-MITF translocation. In this review, we summarize the features of different types of neoplasms with MITF family translocations.

PMID:35107169 | DOI:10.14670/HH-18-426

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Sonographische Diagnostik tonsillärer Abszesse: Eigene Erfahrungen und eine systematische Übersicht

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Laryngorhinootologie
DOI: 10.1055/a-1744-6305

Hintergrund Die transkutane Sonografie ist seit einigen Jahrzehnten ein fester Bestandteil der bildgebenden Diagnostik im Kopf-Hals-Bereich. Insbesondere in der Darstellung von Abszessen der Fossa tonsillaris ist die Sonografie eine schnelle, sichere und kostengünstige diagnostische Methode. Diese Arbeit soll einen Überblick über die derzeit publizierten Studien in Bezug auf die diagnostische Wertigkeit geben. Material und Methoden Systematische Literaturrecherche in folgenden Online-Datenbanken: PubMed und MEDLINE nach den Suchbegriffen transcutaneous ultrasound, tonsillar abscess, peritonsillar abscess, intratonsillar abscess, peritonsillar cellulitis und parapharyngeal abscess. Bewertung der wissenschaftlichen Relevanz der Arbeiten nach festgelegten Kriterien. Ergebnisse Die Publikationen wurden in Bezug auf die klinische Anwendung, die klinische Befunderhebung und die diagnostische Genauigkeit analysiert. Die Sensitivität und Spezifität werden je nach Studie und Patientenkollektiv zwischen 67 % und 100 % bzw. 50 % und 93 % angegeben. Schlussfolgerungen In Zusammenschau der aktuell publizierten Ergebnisse verspricht die transkutane Sonografie ein großes Potenzial, die Diagnostik des Peritonsillarabszesses zu verbessern, und ermöglicht eine gute Abgrenzbarkeit zur peritonsillären Zellulitis. Dies ist für das klinische Management von Patienten mit Abszessverdacht von entscheidender Bedeutung.
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