Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου

Τρίτη 22 Φεβρουαρίου 2022

Effects of a tongue training program in Parkinson's disease: Analysis of electrical activity and strength of suprahyoid muscles

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J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2022 Feb 12;63:102642. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2022.102642. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the electrical activity of the suprahyoid muscle and the tongue pressure in a two-wing program of tongue strengthening in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD).

METHODS: A pre-post-detraining design study included sixty PD patients assigned to two groups randomly. The experimental group (EG) performed tongue isometric pressure exercises using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument with an increasing scheme of 5% load weekly and traditional tongue therapy for 8 weeks. The control group (CG) performed only traditional therapy. The electrical activity of suprahyoids was measured using surface electromyography (sEMG) during tongue-to-palate pressure. Four selected domains of the Swallowing Quality of Life Questionnaire (SWAL-QOL) mostly related to tongue strength were considered.

RESULTS: The experimental group showed increased sEMG values of suprahyoid muscles reaching statistically significant difference at the fourth week of tongue training, while the control did it at the eighth week. Experimental group showed significant improvements in tongue strength (d = 2.128; p = 0.000). Only controls showed detraining effect. Statistically significant difference within groups were found in one and three dimensions of the SWAL-QOL in the CG and EG, respectively.

CONCLUSION: Analysis of electrical activity on suprahy oids muscles provided a better understanding of the changes underlying the outcomes of tongue strength gains obtained through a combined tongue strengthening exercises protocol in PD. Such protocol led not only to increased tongue strength but also to a better perceived swallowing function in PD subjects.

PMID:35189571 | DOI:10.1016/j.jelekin.2022.102642

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A randomized trial of topical mitomycin-C in the immediate post-operative period for the short and long-term prevention of granulation tissue in mastoid cavities

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Publication date: Available online 22 February 2022

Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology

Author(s): Abolfazl Ghobadi, Mehraveh Sadeghi Ivraghi, Zohreh Yazdi, Sanaz Keshavarz Shahbaz

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The effect of extra safety measures on incidence of surgical site infection after alloplastic breast reconstruction

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J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2022 Jan 22:S1748-6815(22)00038-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.01.021. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate whether the implementation of extra perioperative safety measures and precautions through adopted standard operating procedures (SOPs) to ensure optimal anti-microbial conditions has led to less surgical site infections (SSI) after alloplastic breast reconstruction (BR).

METHODS: This retrospective study compared two Cohorts of patients treated before and after the implementation of new SOPs (2009-2014: Cohort 1 versus 2014-2019: Cohort 2). Multivariate logistic regression analyses, adjusting for patient confounders, were implemented to compare SSI incidence between both Cohorts.

RESULTS: Overall, SSI incidence was equal in both groups (10%, p = 0.545). The incidence of deep SSI was 9% for Cohort 1 and 5% for Cohort 2 (p = 0.074). Incidence of SSI-related explantation was 8% and 5%, respectively (p = 0.136). After adjusting for patient confounders, no statistically significant difference was seen between both Cohorts in overall SSI, deep SSI incidence, and explantation due to SSI (ORadjusted: -0.31, p = 0.452, ORadjusted: 0.16, p = 0.747 and ORadjusted: 0.18, p = 0.712). Higher BMI, smoking, one-stage BR, and immediate BR were associated with the risk for SSI (p<0.001, p = 0.036, p<0.001, and p = 0.022, respectively).

CONCLUSION: Extra safety measures to assure optimal anti-microbial conditions did not contribute to lower SSI incidence or SSI-related explantation after alloplastic BR. Confounders such as BMI, smoking, immediate BR, and one-stage BR were correlated to an increased risk for overall SSI, deep SSI, and SSI-related explantation of TE/implants.

PMID:35190280 | DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2022.01.021

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Case report of unusual insertion of the fibularis brevis muscle

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Surg Radiol Anat. 2022 Feb 22. doi: 10.1007/s00276-022-02894-y. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The fibularis brevis and fibularis longus muscles belong to the lateral compartment of the leg. The fibularis brevis is morphologically variable, especially in the number of tendons and place of insertion. Its type of insertion is correlated with the presence of a fibularis digiti quinti, which is also anatomically variable. We present a case study based on dissection of a seventy -three-year-old female cadaver with an unusual insertion of the fibularis brevis muscle. The tendon had three bands inserting into the fifth metatarsal bone. There was a coexisting fibularis digiti quinti, which was fused with the fibularis tertius muscle. Awareness of such anatomical variation could be useful during reconstructive surgery and planning rehabilitation protocols.

PMID:35192041 | DOI:10.1007/s00276-022-02894-y

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Clinical outcomes of a cohort of 271 patients with lung metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma

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Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2022 Feb 22. doi: 10.1111/cen.14700. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Lung is the most common site of distant metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the outcomes of a cohort of patients with DTC and lung metastases (LM).

METHODS: A retrospective analysis of a cohort of 271 patients with LM was performed.

RESULTS: The female-to-male ratio was 1:1 and the median follow-up time was 5.9 (1.1-38. 4) years. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) was the most frequent type (83.4%), mainly the classic variant, followed by follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC, 10.3%) and Hürthle cell carcinoma (HTC, 6.3%). The prevalence of PTC, FTC and HCC was different between the micronodular and macronodular LM groups [87.4%, 6.3% and 6.3 % vs 74.6%, 19.0% and 6.3%, respectively (p=0.013)]. Only 5.0% of the patients had LM diagnosed after a period of remission. LM were submitted to radioactive iodine treatment (RAIT) in 84.5% (52.8% showed 131iodine avid metastases). Complete remission was only achieved in 12.2%. Micronodular disease and age <55 years at LM diagnosis were associated with a better prognosis (p<0.05). We found no difference in survival between patients with LM treated or not with RAIT. However, in patients submitted to RAIT, there was a tendency for longer survival in the group of patients with 131I avid lesions.

CONCLUSION: The classic variant of PTC was the most frequen t histology found in LM of DTC. LM are rarely diagnosed in the follow-up when complete remission is achieved after surgery and 131I. Younger age at LM diagnosis and a micronodular pattern are associated with a better prognosis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:35192239 | DOI:10.1111/cen.14700

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Introduction and expression of PIK3CAE545K in a papillary thyroid cancer BRAFV600E cell line leads to a dedifferentiated aggressive phenotype

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Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare, aggressive form of undifferentiated thyroid cancer, which exhibits rapid progression and is almost universally fatal. At least a subset of ATC is thought to arise fro...
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Selumetinib Plus Adjuvant Radioactive Iodine in Patients With High-Risk Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Phase III, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial (ASTRA)

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J Clin Oncol. 2022 Feb 22:JCO2100714. doi: 10.1200/JCO.21.00714. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Selumetinib can increase radioactive iodine (RAI) avidity in RAI-refractory tumors. We investigated whether selumetinib plus adjuvant RAI improves complete remission (CR) rates in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) at high risk of primary treatment failure versus RAI alone.

METHODS: ASTRA (NCT01843062) is an international, phase III, randomized, placebo-con trolled, double-blind trial. Patients with DTC at high risk of primary treatment failure (primary tumor > 4 cm; gross extrathyroidal extension outside the thyroid gland [T4 disease]; or N1a/N1b disease with ≥ 1 metastatic lymph node(s) ≥ 1 cm or ≥ 5 lymph nodes [any size]) were randomly assigned 2:1 to selumetinib 75 mg orally twice daily or placebo for approximately 5 weeks (no stratification). On treatment days 29-31, recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (0.9 mg)-stimulated RAI (131I; 100 mCi/3.7 GBq) was administered, followed by 5 days of selumetinib/placebo. The primary end point (CR rate 18 months after RAI) was assessed in the intention-to-treat population.

RESULTS: Four hundred patients were enrolled (August 27, 2013-March 23, 2016) and 233 randomly assigned (selumetinib, n = 155 [67%]; placebo, n = 78 [33%]). No statistically significant difference in CR rate 18 months after RAI was observed (selumetinib n = 62 [40%]; placebo n = 30 [38%]; odds ratio 1.07 [95% CI, 0.61 to 1.87]; P = .8205). Treatment-related grade ≥ 3 adverse events were reported in 25/154 patients (16%) with selumetinib and none with placebo. The most common adverse event with selumetinib was dermatitis acneiform (n = 11 [7%]). No treatment-related deaths were reported.

CONCLUSION: Postoperative pathologic risk stratification identified patients with DTC at high risk of primary treatment failure, although the addition of selumetinib to adjuvant RAI failed to improve the CR rate for these patients. Future strategies should focus on tumor genotype-tailored drug selection and maintaining drug dosing to optimize RAI efficacy.

PMID:35192411 | DOI:10.1200/JCO.21.00714

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Cochlear Fluid Spaces and Structures of the Gerbil High-Frequency Region Measured Using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

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Abstract

Since it has been difficult to directly observe the morphology of the living cochlea, our ability to infer the mechanical functioning of the living ear has been limited. Nearly all our knowledge about cochlear morphology comes from postmortem tissue that was fixed and processed using procedures that possibly distort the structures and fluid spaces of the organ of Corti. In this study, optical coherence tomography was employed to obtain volumetric images of the high-frequency hook region of the gerbil cochlea, as viewed through the round window, with far better resolution capability than had been possible before. The anatomical structures and fluid spaces of the organ of Corti were segmented and quantified in vivo and over a 90-min postmortem period. We find that the arcuate-zone and pectinate-zone widths change very little postmortem. The volume of the scala tympani between the round-window membrane and basilar membrane and the volume of the inner spiral sulcus d ecrease in the first 60-min postmortem. While textbook drawings of the mammalian organ of Corti and cortilymph prominently depict the tunnel of Corti, the outer tunnel is typically missing. This is likely because textbook drawings are typically made from images obtained by histological methods. Here, we show that the outer tunnel is nearly twice as big as the tunnel of Corti or the space of Nuel. This larger outer tunnel fluid space could have a substantial, little-appreciated effect on cochlear micromechanics. We speculate that the outer tunnel forms a resonant structure that may affect reticular-lamina motion.

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