Collegium Oto-Rhino-Laryngologicum Amicitiae Sacrum.

Collegium Oto-Rhino-Laryngologicum Amicitiae Sacrum.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Mar 21;:1

Authors:

PMID: 26999281 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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The Effect of Otic Melanocyte Destruction on Auditory and Vestibular Function: a Study on Vitiligo Patients.

The Effect of Otic Melanocyte Destruction on Auditory and Vestibular Function: a Study on Vitiligo Patients.

Acta Med Iran. 2016 Feb;54(2):96-101

Authors: Mahdi P, Amali A, Ruzbahani M, Pourbakht A, Mahdavi A

Abstract
The hallmark of vitiligo is the disappearance of melanocytes from the skin. As a result, of melanocytes presence in the auditory and vestibular apparatus, the involvement of these systems in vitiligo which targets the melanocytes of the whole body is possible; suggesting that vitiligo is a systemic disease rather than a purely cutaneous problem. A total of 21 patients with vitiligo were enrolled in this study. A group of 20 healthy subjects served as a control group. Pure tone audiometry (PTA), auditory brainstem responses (ABR) and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) were carried out in all participants. High frequency sensory neural hearing loss was seen in 8 (38.09%) patients. ABR analysis revealed 10 (47.61%) had an abnormal increase in latency of wave III, and 6 (28.57%) had an abnormal prolongation of IPL I-III, however, regarding our VEMP findings, there were no recorded responses on left ear of 1 (4.76%) patient and latency of p13 was prolonged in 5(23.80%) patients. There was no correlation between ages, duration of disease, and any of the recorded parameters (P>0.05). In the present survey, we highlighted the auditory and vestibular involvement in vitiligo patients.

PMID: 26997595 [PubMed - in process]

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The relationship between senile hearing loss and vestibular activity.

The relationship between senile hearing loss and vestibular activity.

Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Feb 28;

Authors: Kurtaran H, Acar B, Ocak E, Mirici E

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: A considerable high number of SNHL patients also suffer from dizziness and related vestibular symptoms.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of vestibular dysfunction and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in adult patients.
METHODS: Prospective, double-blinded, controlled studies composed by 63 adult patients without any vestibular symptoms or diagnosed vestibular diseases. Audiological status was measured with pure tone audiometry and the vestibular system was tested with vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP). Patients were divided into two groups: a study group (patients with SNHL) and a control group (patients without SNHL). VEMP results of the groups were calculated and compared.
RESULTS: Mean P1 (23.54) and N1 (30.70) latencies were prolonged in the study group (p<0.001) and the amplitudes of the study group were significantly reduced (p<0.001). Both parameters of the VEMP test were abnormal in the study group when compared to the control group.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that age-related SNHL may be accompanied by vestibular weakness without any possible predisposing factors for vestibulopathy.

PMID: 26997575 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy of the whole larynx, followed by a single affected vocal cord, for T1a glottic cancer: Dosimetric analysis of a case.

Volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy of the whole larynx, followed by a single affected vocal cord, for T1a glottic cancer: Dosimetric analysis of a case.

Mol Clin Oncol. 2016 Mar;4(3):429-432

Authors: Yeo SG

Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) and endolaryngeal surgery are standard treatments for early-stage glottic cancer. They have closely matched oncological outcomes; however, it is debatable which method is superior in terms of functional outcomes. Several dosimetric studies have demonstrated that, compared with conventional RT, intensity-modulated RT (IMRT) reduces unnecessary radiation of the adjacent normal tissues, including the carotid artery and thyroid gland. However, RT targets the whole larynx, whereas endolaryngeal surgery is a highly focused treatment involving the en bloc resection of a tumor with safety margins. For T1a glottic cancer, in which the tumor is limited to one vocal cord, the technical feasibility of targeting IMRT on the single vocal cord affected has been investigated; however, the clinical feasibility and the possibility of inferior local control remain to be elucidated. In the present case study, IMRT was used to treat the whole larynx first, and then to treat a single vocal cord. The patient in the present study had T1a glottic cancer, and received volumetric modulated arc therapy with a total dose of 63 Gy/28 fractions. The first treatment phase (40.5 Gy/18 fractions) targeted the whole larynx to eliminate subclinical disease. The second treatment phase (22.5 Gy/10 fractions) targeted only the involved vocal cord. During this treatment phase, the exposure of the non-involved right vocal cord, the right carotid artery and the thyroid gland to the radiation was lower compared with the continuation of the initial treatment approach. These findings suggested that changing the target volume from the whole larynx to the affected vocal cord during the course of IMRT is feasible for T1a glottic cancer, and that it may reduce functional side effects while maintaining oncological outcomes.

PMID: 26998298 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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The postnatal ontogeny of the sexually dimorphic vocal apparatus in goitred gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa).

The postnatal ontogeny of the sexually dimorphic vocal apparatus in goitred gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa).

J Morphol. 2016 Mar 21;

Authors: Efremova KO, Frey R, Volodin IA, Fritsch G, Soldatova NV, Volodina EV

Abstract
This study quantitatively documents the progressive development of sexual dimorphism of the vocal organs along the ontogeny of the goitred gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa). The major, male-specific secondary sexual features, of vocal anatomy in goitred gazelle are an enlarged larynx and a marked laryngeal descent. These features appear to have evolved by sexual selection and may serve as a model for similar events in male humans. Sexual dimorphism of larynx size and larynx position in adult goitred gazelles is more pronounced than in humans, whereas the vocal anatomy of neonate goitred gazelles does not differ between sexes. This study examines the vocal anatomy of 19 (11 male, 8 female) goitred gazelle specimens across three age-classes, that is, neonates, subadults and mature adults. The postnatal ontogenetic development of the vocal organs up to their respective end states takes considerably longer in males than in females. Both sexes share the same features of vocal morphology but differences emerge in the course of ontogeny, ultimately resulting in the pronounced sexual dimorphism of the vocal apparatus in adults. The main differences comprise larynx size, vocal fold length, vocal tract length, and mobility of the larynx. The resilience of the thyrohyoid ligament and the pharynx, including the soft palate, and the length changes during contraction and relaxation of the extrinsic laryngeal muscles play a decisive role in the mobility of the larynx in both sexes but to substantially different degrees in adult females and males. Goitred gazelles are born with an undescended larynx and, therefore, larynx descent has to develop in the course of ontogeny. This might result from a trade-off between natural selection and sexual selection requiring a temporal separation of different laryngeal functions at birth and shortly after from those later in life. J. Morphol., 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

PMID: 26997608 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Tracheo-bronchial soft tissue and cartilage resonances in the subglottal acoustic input impedance.

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Tracheo-bronchial soft tissue and cartilage resonances in the subglottal acoustic input impedance.

J Acoust Soc Am. 2015 Jun;137(6):3436-46

Authors: Lulich SM, Arsikere H

Abstract
This paper offers a re-evaluation of the mechanical properties of the tracheo-bronchial soft tissues and cartilage and uses a model to examine their effects on the subglottal acoustic input impedance. It is shown that the values for soft tissue elastance and cartilage viscosity typically used in models of subglottal acoustics during phonation are not accurate, and corrected values are proposed. The calculated subglottal acoustic input impedance using these corrected values reveals clusters of weak resonances due to soft tissues (SgT) and cartilage (SgC) lining the walls of the trachea and large bronchi, which can be observed empirically in subglottal acoustic spectra. The model predicts that individuals may exhibit SgT and SgC resonances to variable degrees, depending on a number of factors including tissue mechanical properties and the dimensions of the trachea and large bronchi. Potential implications for voice production and large pulmonary airway tissue diseases are also discussed.

PMID: 26093432 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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The source-filter theory of whistle-like calls in marmosets: Acoustic analysis and simulation of helium-modulated voices.

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The source-filter theory of whistle-like calls in marmosets: Acoustic analysis and simulation of helium-modulated voices.

J Acoust Soc Am. 2015 Jun;137(6):3068-76

Authors: Koda H, Tokuda IT, Wakita M, Ito T, Nishimura T

Abstract
Whistle-like high-pitched "phee" calls are often used as long-distance vocal advertisements by small-bodied marmosets and tamarins in the dense forests of South America. While the source-filter theory proposes that vibration of the vocal fold is modified independently from the resonance of the supralaryngeal vocal tract (SVT) in human speech, a source-filter coupling that constrains the vibration frequency to SVT resonance effectively produces loud tonal sounds in some musical instruments. Here, a combined approach of acoustic analyses and simulation with helium-modulated voices was used to show that phee calls are produced principally with the same mechanism as in human speech. The animal keeps the fundamental frequency (f0) close to the first formant (F1) of the SVT, to amplify f0. Although f0 and F1 are primarily independent, the degree of their tuning can be strengthened further by a flexible source-filter interaction, the variable strength of which depends upon the cross-sectional area of the laryngeal cavity. The results highlight the evolutionary antiquity and universality of the source-filter model in primates, but the study can also explore the diversification of vocal physiology, including source-filter interaction and its anatomical basis in non-human primates.

PMID: 26093398 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Articulation and vocal tract acoustics at soprano subject's high fundamental frequencies.

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Articulation and vocal tract acoustics at soprano subject's high fundamental frequencies.

J Acoust Soc Am. 2015 May;137(5):2586-95

Authors: Echternach M, Birkholz P, Traser L, Flügge TV, Kamberger R, Burk F, Burdumy M, Richter B

Abstract
The role of the vocal tract for phonation at very high soprano fundamental frequencies (F0s) is not yet understood in detail. In this investigation, two experiments were carried out with a single professional high soprano subject. First, using two dimensional (2D) dynamic real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (24 fps) midsagittal and coronal vocal tract shapes were analyzed while the subject sang a scale from Bb5 (932 Hz) to G6 (1568 Hz). In a second experiment, volumetric vocal tract MRI data were recorded from sustained phonations (13 s) for the pitches C6 (1047 Hz) and G6 (1568 Hz). Formant frequencies were measured in physical models created by 3D printing, and calculated from area functions obtained from the 3D vocal tract shapes. The data showed that there were only minor modifications of the vocal tract shape. These changes involved a decrease of the piriform sinus as well as small changes of tongue position. Formant frequencies did not exhibit major differences between C6 and G6 for F1 and F3, respectively. Only F2 was slightly raised for G6. For G6, however, F2 is not excited by any voice source partial. Therefore, this investigation was not able to confirm that the analyzed professional soprano subject adjusted formants to voice source partials for the analyzed F0s.

PMID: 25994691 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Small intestinal injury in mice infected with respiratory influenza A virus: evidence for virus induced gastroenteritis.

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Small intestinal injury in mice infected with respiratory influenza A virus: evidence for virus induced gastroenteritis.

Biotechnol Lett. 2015 Aug;37(8):1585-92

Authors: Zhang S, Wei T, Tianv H, Cheng J, Xiao J, Wang M, Hu Y

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Influenza in humans is often accompanied by gastroenteritis-like symptoms such as diarrhea and abdominal pain nausea, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear.
RESULTS: Mice infected with three subtypes of respiratory influenza A virus (IAV), particularly H5N1 and H7N2, developed intestinal injury. The avian H5N1 and H7N2 IAV were detected in the small intestine, whereas the human H1N1 was not detected. Section staining with the sialic acid (SA) receptor demonstrated that the small intestine mainly expressed SA α2, 3 Gal instead of SA α2, 6 Gal which preferentially binds to avian IAV. The number of goblet and sIgA cells in the small intestine increased, whereas CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells decreased in all infected mice except for CD8(+) T cells increased in H7N2 infected mice.
CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory IAV infection, particularly infected by avian IAV, can cause small intestine structural damage and modify the local immune response, thereby resulting in gastroenteritis-like symptoms.

PMID: 25967033 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Investigation of nanostructural changes following acute injury using atomic force microscopy in rabbit vocal folds.

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Investigation of nanostructural changes following acute injury using atomic force microscopy in rabbit vocal folds.

Microsc Res Tech. 2015 Jul;78(7):569-76

Authors: Lee YC, Kim HJ, Kim KS, Choi S, Kim SW, Park HK, Eun YG

Abstract
There continues to be a paucity of data regarding the nanostructural changes of vocal fold (VF) collagen after injury. The aim of this study is to investigate the nanostructural and morphological changes in the rabbit VF lamina propria following acute injury using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Unilateral VF injury was performed on 9 New Zealand breeder rabbits. Sacrifice and laryngeal harvest were performed at three time points: 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days after injury. Histology and immunohistochemistry data were collected to confirm extracellular matrix (ECM) changes in rabbit VF. The progressive changes in thickness and D-spacing of VF collagen fibrils were investigated over a 7-day postinjury period using AFM. At post-injury day 1, a fibrin clot and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed at the injured VF. The inflammatory score at postinjury day 1 was highest in injured VF tissue, with a significant decrease at postinjury day 7. The immunoreactivity of inflammatory proteins (COX-2, TNF-α) was observed in VF up to day 7 after injury. AFM investigation showed clustered and disorganized collagen fibrils at the nanoscale resolution at post-injury day 7. Collagen fibrils in injured VF at postinjury day 7 were significantly thicker than control and postinjury days 1 and 3 (P < 0.001). D-spacing of collagen at postinjury day 7 was not studied due to loss of distinct edges resulting from immature collagen deposition. AFM investigation of VF could add valuable information to understanding micromechanical changes in VF scar tissue.

PMID: 25900427 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Elemental diet induces the proliferation of sialomucin goblet cells in the rat duodenum and jejunum.

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Elemental diet induces the proliferation of sialomucin goblet cells in the rat duodenum and jejunum.

Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2015;79(6):992-6

Authors: Hino S, Ito A, Kondo T, Morita T

Abstract
We histologically examined the effects of elemental diet (ED) on the goblet cell profile in the rat small intestine. The sulfomucin goblet cells were predominant throughout the small intestine in the control group, while sialomucin goblet cells were manifest in the duodenum and jejunum in the ED group. Next, we investigated the possible relevance of luminal osmolality to the goblet cell profile. Gastric osmolality in the ED group was within the physiological range. Meanwhile, ingestion of high glucose diet elevated gastric osmolality and increased the number of sialomucin goblet cells in the duodenum and jejunum. Further, it turned out that the lower sulfur contents in ED was not related to the unique goblet cell profile by ED ingestion. It is inductively suggested that the influx of high concentrations of low molecular nutrients into the small intestine could be associated with the goblet cell alteration, but the alteration was not necessarily due to the changes in the gastric osmolality by ED ingestion.

PMID: 25727739 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Puerarin and betahistine treatment of vertebrobasilar ischemia vertigo: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Puerarin and betahistine treatment of vertebrobasilar ischemia vertigo: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Exp Ther Med. 2016 Mar;11(3):1051-1058

Authors: Chen YY, Chen W, Zhang Q, Li H, Zhang YW, Kang Q, Lan YI, Wu Q

Abstract
The present meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of puerarin co-treatment with betahistine in treating vertebrobasilar ischemia (VBI) vertigo. A total of 6 medical databases were searched, identifying randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of VBI vertigo performed until August 2014 that investigated a combined treatment of puerarin with betahistine or with other conventional drugs. The quality of the literature was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias, and Rev Man 5.0 software was used for statistical analysis and evaluation. The present study included 7 RCTs, involving a total of 664 subjects, and revealed a statistically significant increase in efficacy between the control and the experimental group (odds ratio [OR], 4.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.05 to 8.15). The average blood flow velocity within the vertebrobasilar arteries increased following treatment with puerarin and betahistine compared with that of the control groups (OR, 7.59; 95% CI, 6.19 to 9.00); however, no difference was detected between these groups in the average flow velocity within the left vertebral artery (OR, 6.17; 95% CI, 5.22 to 7.13). The frequency of adverse reactions in the experimental group was lower (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.32 to 1.77) compared with the control group. Combined puerarin and betahistine regimens were more effective in treating VBI vertigo compared with other, conventional drugs; effectively alleviating the associated symptoms, including dizziness and increased average blood flow velocity within the vertebrobasilar arteries, without causing an increased number of serious side effects. However, the efficacy and safety of puerarin and betahistine use in treating VBI vertigo requires additional investigation.

PMID: 26998036 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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You're the Flight Surgeon: vestibular neuritis.

Related Articles

You're the Flight Surgeon: vestibular neuritis.

Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2016 Feb;87(2):150-2

Authors: Brown MR

Abstract
Brown MR. You're the flight surgeon: vestibular neuritis. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2016; 87(2):150-152.

PMID: 26802384 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Collegium Oto-Rhino-Laryngologicum Amicitiae Sacrum.

Collegium Oto-Rhino-Laryngologicum Amicitiae Sacrum.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Mar 21;:1

Authors:

PMID: 26999281 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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How I do it: modified Todd's meatoplasty.

How I do it: modified Todd's meatoplasty.

J Laryngol Otol. 2016 Mar 21;:1-4

Authors: Elsamanody AN, Topsakal V, Grolman W, Tange RA

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chronic otorrhoea after canal wall down mastoidectomy can be a clinical challenge. Basic principles for canal wall down surgery include establishing a large meatus. Several meatoplasty techniques have been reported. This paper describes this new indication for Todd's meatoplasty with surgical improvements.
STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review.
SETTING: Academic tertiary referral centre.
METHODS: Modifications of transposition postauricular flap meatoplasty are reported. This technique was applied in a series of patients with chronic otorrhoea after a canal wall down mastoidectomy.
RESULTS: In general, a dry radical cavity was successfully created within six weeks and follow-up visits at the out-patient clinic were reduced. Only minor complications occurred, which are all reported.
CONCLUSION: The postauricular flap meatoplasty is a valuable tool in the management of chronic otorrhoea after an open cavity approach for cholesteatoma.

PMID: 26996631 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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