Clinicopathological features and outcome of thyroglobulin elevation and negative iodine scintigraphy (TENIS) patients with negative neck ultrasound: Experience from a thyroid carcinoma clinic in India

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Clinicopathological features and outcome of thyroglobulin elevation and negative iodine scintigraphy (TENIS) patients with negative neck ultrasound: Experience from a thyroid carcinoma clinic in India Via radioactive iodine World J Nucl Med. 2021 Nov 1;20(4):361-368. doi: 10.4103/wjnm.wjnm_143_20. eCollection 2021 Oct-Dec. ABSTRACT Management of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients with thyroglobulin (Tg) elevation and negative iodine scintigraphy (TENIS) and negative neck ultrasound scan causes considerable diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma, especially in resource-poor settings. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinicopathological features and outcome of TENIS patients with negative n eck US attending a thyroid cancer clinic in India. From a DTC database of 722 containing 193 TENIS patients, subjects with negative neck US and negative Tg antibody (TgAb) were selected retrospectively and analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. The study group included 64 patients (male - 17, female - 47, mean age - 44.7 ± 12.8 years) with 54 papillary and 10 follicular thyroid carcinomas, American Thyroid Association (ATA) recurrence risk categorization (2009) - low - 16, intermediate - 28, and high - 2 0. Most of the patients became TENIS within 1 year of diagnosis with median Tg level of 6.5 ng/mL (1.2-996 ng/mL) and mean follow-up of 7.8 years. On follow-up, Tg dropped spontaneously in 27 patients, more among the low and intermediate-risk categories. For those with high or increasing Tg level, further imaging (fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography) was done and 14 out of 18 were positive. Treatment included empiric radioactive iodine thera py-16, external beam radiation therapy (EBRT)-7, and lymph node dissection (LND)-10. A favorable outcome was seen in 36 patients and unfavorable in 28. Distant metastases were associated with unfavorable outcome and poor survival. Progression-free survival was significantly better in the Tg group of <10 at the time of TENIS (111 months) compared to the Tg group >10 (72 months). Tg level dropped spontaneously in nearly half the patients, especially if levels were <10 and more so among the low-risk category. Distant metastasis was predictive of unfavorable outcomes. Along with Tg level, the ATA risk category might help to predict clinical course and reduce unnecessary expensive imaging in resource-poor settings. PMID:35018 151 | PMC:PMC8686749 | DOI:10.4103/wjnm.wjnm_143_20 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Cochlear implant in vestibular schwannomas: long-term outcomes and critical analysis of indications

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Cochlear implant in vestibular schwannomas: long-term outcomes and critical analysis of indications Via http://link.springer.com/journal/405,European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology,The European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2022 Jan 12. doi: 10.1007/s00405-021-07243-0. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To describe our institutional experience in cochlear implantation after vestibular schwannoma (VS) resection, and compare the audiological outcomes between sporadic and neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) VS sub-cohorts of patients, and in relation to preoperative contralateral hearing. METHODS: Seventeen patients (8 sporadic and 9 NF2-associated VSs) who had undergone VS resection and cochlear implant (CI) were analyzed retrospectively. Audiological outcomes at 24 months were correlated with preoperative clinical variables. The results according to VS type (sporadic vs. NF2-associated) and contralateral hearing (impaired vs. normal) were compared. RESULTS: Fourteen CIs were actively used by the patients (77.8%). Twenty-four months after CI activation, the median postoperative PTA (pure tone average) was 45.6 dB nHL and a measurable WRS (Word Recognition Score) was achieved by 44.4% of patients (median WRS = 40%). The median postoperative PTA in the implanted ear resulted better in the group with an impaired contralateral hearing (36.3 dB nHL vs. 78.8 dB nHL, p = 0.019). Good preoperative contralateral hearing status (A-B classes of AAO-HNS) was a negative prognostic factor for CI performance on open-set discrimination (OR = 28.0, 95% CI 2.07-379.25, p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: CI is a viable rehabilitative option for patients with sporadic or NF2-associated VS. A good contralateral hearing adversely affects CI outcome and should be taken into consideration for patients' selection and rehabilitation programs. PMID:35018505 | DOI:10.1007/s00405-021-07243-0 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Cerebrospinal fluid external leak after penetrating trauma in a neurologic intact infant patient: a case report

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Cerebrospinal fluid external leak after penetrating trauma in a neurologic intact infant patient: a case report Via leak of cerebrospinal fluid Childs Nerv Syst. 2022 Jan 12. doi: 10.1007/s00381-021-05440-0. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Cranial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is an extremely rare complication of blunt head trauma causing skull fractures, especially fractures involving the skull base. We present the case of a 10-month-old male who received glass fragments on the midline and posterior tier of his anterior fontanelle producing a cranial cerebrospinal fluid leak without any skull fracture or symptoms. Neurologic exam was completely normal and a superficial stitch wound repair was performed. He was observed for 24 h, had no antibiotic, and left with a 1-week outpatient neurosurgical follow-up. The patient had no negative outcome. Cerebrospinal fluid leak should be included in the differential diagnosis of a head trauma in a patient with open fontanelles. No similar case was found in literature. PMID:35019999 | DOI:10.1007/s00381-021-05440-0 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Cancer stem cells: a major culprit of intra-tumor heterogeneity

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Cancer stem cells: a major culprit of intra-tumor heterogeneity Via American Journal of Cancer Research Am J Cancer Res. 2021 Dec 15;11(12):5782-5811. eCollection 2021. ABSTRACT Cancer is recognized as a preeminent factor of the world's mortality. Although various modalities have been designed to cure this life-threatening ailment, a significant impediment in the effective output of cancer treatment is heterogeneity. Cancer is characterized as a heterogeneous health disorder that comprises a distinct group of transformed cells to assist anomalous proliferation of affected cells. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a leading cause of cancer heterogeneity that is continually transformed by cellular extrinsic and intrinsic factors. They intensify neoplastic cells aggressiveness by strengthening their dissemination, relapse and therapy resistance. Considering this viewpoint, in this review article we have discussed some intrinsic (transcription factors, cell signaling pathways, genetic alterations, epigenetic modifications, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and epitranscriptomics) and extrinsic factors (tumor microenvironment (TME)) that contribute to CSC heterogeneity and plasticity, which may help scientists to meddle these processes and eventually improve cancer research and management. Besides, the potential role of CSCs heterogeneity in establishing metastasis and therapy resistance has been articulated which signifies the importance of developing novel anticancer therapies to target CSCs along with targeting bulk tumor mass to achieve an effective output. PMID:35018226 | PMC:PMC8727794 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

MicroRNA-187 exerts tumor-suppressing functions in osteosarcoma by targeting ZEB2 [Retraction]

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader MicroRNA-187 exerts tumor-suppressing functions in osteosarcoma by targeting ZEB2 [Retraction] Via American Journal of Cancer Research Am J Cancer Res. 2021 Dec 15;11(12):6218. eCollection 2021. ABSTRACT [This retracts the article on p. 2859 in vol. 6, PMID: 28042505.]. PMID:35018254 | PMC:PMC8727813 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Assessment of age, period, and cohort effects of lung cancer incidence in Hong Kong and projection up to 2030 based on changing demographics

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Assessment of age, period, and cohort effects of lung cancer incidence in Hong Kong and projection up to 2030 based on changing demographics Via American Journal of Cancer Research Am J Cancer Res. 2021 Dec 15;11(12):5902-5916. eCollection 2021. ABSTRACT The burden of lung cancer in Hong Kong continues to rise. We analyzed trends in lung cancer incidence and associations with age, period, and cohort from 1985 to 2019, made projections up to 2030 and examined the drivers of lung cancer incidence. We used age-period-cohort modeling to estimate age, period, and cohort effects on lung cancer incidence rates in Hong Kong between 1985 and 2019. We projected lung cancer incidence in Hong Kong from 2020 to 2030 using Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis with an integrated nested Laplace approximation. We decomposed changes in the number of lung cancer cases into population growth, population aging, and epidemiologic changes. From 1985 to 2019, the number of lung cancer incident cases in Hong Kong continued to rise, yet the age-standardized incidence rates have declined for both sexes while have fluctuated for females over the past two decades. The overall annual percentage change from 1985 to 2019 was -2.29 (95% CI, -2.53 to -2.05) for males and -0.86 (95% CI, -1.06 to -0.65) for females. Age-specific annual percentages for both sexes showed a decreasing trend in all age groups and were more pronounced for females older than 65 years and males younger than 65 years. Period effects for both sexes showed a similar monotonic downward pattern, with the downward trend slowing for females after 2000. The cohort effect declined monotonically for males and started to plateau for females after the 1945 birth cohort. It was projected that the incident cases of lung cancer in Hong Kong would continue to increase, with 4,435 male cases and 3,561 female cases in 2030. Demographic decomposition suggested that population growth and population aging play an important role in the change of lung cancer cases. Much progress has been made in reducing the incidence of lung cancer in Hong Kong, but this has been offset b y demographic changes that will continue to increase the incident cases of lung cancer in Hong Kong, especially among females. There is an urgent need for continued public health policies and clinical programs for risk factor control and necessary screening. PMID:35018232 | PMC:PMC8727798 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Paracrine production of IL-6 promotes a hypercoagulable state in pancreatic cancer

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Paracrine production of IL-6 promotes a hypercoagulable state in pancreatic cancer Via American Journal of Cancer Research Am J Cancer Res. 2021 Dec 15;11(12):5992-6003. eCollection 2021. ABSTRACT Venous thromboembolism is the most common complication and the secondary cause of death in pancreatic cancer. Moreover, the hypercoagulable state induces microcirculation dysfunction, acidosis and hypoxia, and further enhances tumor immune evasion, tumor growth and metastasis. Numerous studies have revealed that patients with malignant tumors have high levels of IL-6, which stimulates hepatocytes to synthesize thrombopoietin, causing an increase in platelets. This study found that the concentration of IL-6 in pancreatic cancer patient sera was higher than that in healthy donors, while pancreatic cancer cells had low expression levels of IL-6, which was different from other types of cancer. This contradictory result prompted us to uncover the underlying mechanism. Our data revealed that pancreatic cancer enhanced IL-6 production in fibroblasts via the Jagged/Notch axis, while IL-6 further elevated Jagged-1/2 expression in a paracrine positive feedback loop in pancreatic cancer. Inhibition experiments and RNAi studies demonstrated that IL-6-induced Jagged-1/2 production in pancreatic cancer depended on STAT3 and that Jagged-1/2 enhanced IL-6 mRNA expression in HSFs through the NF-κB pathway. Finally, the animal study showed that knockdown of Jagged-1/2 or blockade of the Jagged/Notch pathway by Nirogacestat could alleviate pancreatic cancer-induced hypercoagulability. Accordingly, our findings clarified the key role of the Jagged/Notch/IL-6/STAT3 feedback loop in the development of a hypercoagulable state in pancreatic cancer, which also provides new therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancer patients who suffer from hypercoagulability. PMID:35018238 | PMC:PMC8727799 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Diacerein, an inhibitor of IL-1β downstream mediated apoptosis, improves radioimmunotherapy in a mouse model of Burkitt's lymphoma

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Diacerein, an inhibitor of IL-1β downstream mediated apoptosis, improves radioimmunotherapy in a mouse model of Burkitt's lymphoma Via American Journal of Cancer Research Am J Cancer Res. 2021 Dec 15;11(12):6147-6159. eCollection 2021. ABSTRACT Lymphoma has the characteristics of a solid tumor. Penetration of monoclonal antibodies is limited in solid tumors during radioimmunotherapy (RIT). Here, we first investigated the use of diacerein (DIA) as a combination drug to improve the penetration and therapeutic efficacy of 131I-rituximab (RTX) using the Burkitt's lymphoma mouse model. We selected DIA through computational drug repurposing and focused on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) drug interaction genes to minimize side effects. Then, the cytotoxicity of DIA was assessed in vitro using three different lymphoma cell lines. DIA-induced apoptosis was confirmed by Western blotting. After confirming apoptosis, we confirmed the enhanced uptake of 131I-RTX in Burkitt's lymphoma mouse model using SPECT/CT. Autoradiography of 131I-RTX confirmed the therapeutic effect of DIA. Finally, t he tumor size and survival rate were assessed to measure the enhanced therapeutic efficacy when DIA was used. In addition, we assessed the dose-dependency of DIA in terms of the accumulation of 131I-RTX in tumor tissue, the tumor size, and the survival rate. The in vitro cytotoxicity was 10.9%. We showed that DIA induced apoptosis which was related to downstream IL-1β signaling by Western blotting. We found increased Annexin V positive apoptosis after DIA administration. Immuno SPECT/CT images demonstrated a higher uptake of 131I-RTX in tumors in the DIA-administered group than that in the PBS-alone group. However, there were no statistical differences of dose-dependency between 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg of DIA. Tumor growth was significantly inhibited in the group treated with the combination of DIA plus 131I-RTX at 7 days after injection. Our suggested combination of DIA and 131I-RTX strategies could enhance the efficacy of 131I -RTX treatment. PMID:35018248 | PMC:PMC8727812 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Alpha-fetoprotein response predicts treatment outcomes in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors with or without tyrosine kinase inhibitors or locoregional therapies

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Alpha-fetoprotein response predicts treatment outcomes in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors with or without tyrosine kinase inhibitors or locoregional therapies Via American Journal of Cancer Research Am J Cancer Res. 2021 Dec 15;11(12):6173-6187. eCollection 2021. ABSTRACT Combined immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) along with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and locoregional therapies have been used increasingly to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Biomarkers are required to predict the treatment efficacy of ICIs with or without combination therapies in patients with unresectable HCC. This study enrolled 95 consecutive patients with unresectable HCC from May 2017 to June 2021 from two hospitals retrospectively. Of the 95 patients, 15 and 80 had Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stages B and C, respectively. The median ICI treatment duration was 3.43 (1.87-7.87) months, and 77 patients received combination therapies. Radiological imaging was not performed in 13 patients. Objective response and disease control rates were 27.4% and 53.7%, respectively. The duration of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was 4. 07 (1.59-6.54) months and 14.53 (6.93-22.14) months, respectively. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) response was defined as a decline of >15% in the serum AFP level within the initial 3 months of ICI therapy according to Youden's index. AFP response was determined to be a predictor of disease control (odds ratio: 11.657, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.834-47.941, P=.001). Macrovascular invasion (MVI), AFP response (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.488, 95% CI: 0.255-0.934, P=.030), combination therapy, and disease control were predictors of PFS, and MVI, AFP response (HR: 0.344, 95% CI: 0.160-0.737, P=.006), and disease control were predictors of OS. AFP response was a predictor of disease control, PFS, and OS. These findings indicate that AFP response can serve as a biomarker to predict treatment outcomes in patients with unresectable HCC receiving ICIs with or without TKIs or locoregional therapies. PMID:35018250 | PMC:PMC8727811 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Factors associated with colorectal cancer screening intent and uptake among adult Non-Hispanic Black men

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Factors associated with colorectal cancer screening intent and uptake among adult Non-Hispanic Black men Via American Journal of Cancer Research Am J Cancer Res. 2021 Dec 15;11(12):6200-6213. eCollection 2021. ABSTRACT Non-Hispanic (NH) Black men in the United States have the lowest five-year colorectal cancer (CRC) survival rate across all racial/ethnic and sex subgroups and are less likely than their NH White counterparts to complete CRC screening. We hypothesized that greater masculinity barriers to medical care (MBMC) would be negatively associated with CRC screening uptake. Employing a survey design, we examined the MBMC scale and other psychosocial factors influencing CRC screening intent and uptake in a sample of 319 NH Black men aged 45 to 75 years residing in Minnesota, Ohio, and Utah. A series of ordinary least squares and logistic regression models were run with intention and uptake as the outcome variable while controlling for various demographic characteristics. Independent variables in all models included average score on the MBMC; CRC screening knowledge, beliefs and values; and barriers to and social support for CRC screening. Social support, marital status, and age were positively associated with CRC screening intention. Increased CRC screening knowledge and older age were associated with a greater likelihood of completing a stool-based screening test for CRC. Fewer masculinity-related and CRC screening barriers were associated with a greater likelihood of undergoing a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. Contrary to our primary hypothesis, lesser MBMC-related perceptions were associated with increased CRC screening uptake among NH Black men. Our findings inform future CRC promotion programs and emphasize the need for multilevel interventions tailored toward this marginalized population to reduce disparities in screening and survival. PMID:35018252 | PMC:PMC8727804 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Subclinical Hypothyroidism with Negative for Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies in Pregnancy: Intellectual Development of Offspring

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Subclinical Hypothyroidism with Negative for Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies in Pregnancy: Intellectual Development of Offspring Via liebertpub1 Thyroid, Ahead of Print. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.