Crossmodal interactions during non-linguistic auditory processing in cochlear-implanted deaf patients.

Crossmodal interactions during non-linguistic auditory processing in cochlear-implanted deaf patients.

Cortex. 2016 Aug 26;83:259-270

Authors: Barone P, Chambaudie L, Strelnikov K, Fraysse B, Marx M, Belin P, Deguine O

Abstract
Due to signal distortion, speech comprehension in cochlear-implanted (CI) patients relies strongly on visual information, a compensatory strategy supported by important cortical crossmodal reorganisations. Though crossmodal interactions are evident for speech processing, it is unclear whether a visual influence is observed in CI patients during non-linguistic visual-auditory processing, such as face-voice interactions, which are important in social communication. We analyse and compare visual-auditory interactions in CI patients and normal-hearing subjects (NHS) at equivalent auditory performance levels. Proficient CI patients and NHS performed a voice-gender categorisation in the visual-auditory modality from a morphing-generated voice continuum between male and female speakers, while ignoring the presentation of a male or female visual face. Our data show that during the face-voice interaction, CI deaf patients are strongly influenced by visual information when performing an auditory gender categorisation task, in spite of maximum recovery of auditory speech. No such effect is observed in NHS, even in situations of CI simulation. Our hypothesis is that the functional crossmodal reorganisation that occurs in deafness could influence nonverbal processing, such as face-voice interaction; this is important for patient internal supramodal representation.

PMID: 27622640 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Intraperitoneal curcumin and vitamin E combination for the treatment of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats.

Intraperitoneal curcumin and vitamin E combination for the treatment of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats.

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Oct;89:173-8

Authors: Soyalıç H, Gevrek F, Koç S, Avcu M, Metin M, Aladağ İ

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Cisplatin ototoxicity is characterized by irreversible, progressive, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss at high frequencies, accompanied by tinnitus. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the protective action of curcumin alone or in combination with vitamin E against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in animal models.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 42 rats. Experimental animals were randomized into 6 groups. In the first group, intra-peritoneal cisplatin was administered alone. In the second group, intra-peritoneal cisplatin and curcumin were administered together. In the third group, intra-peritoneal cisplatin and vitamin E were administered together. In the fourth group, intra-peritoneal cisplatin was administered together with curcumin in combination with vitamin E. In the fifth group, intra-peritoneal curcumin was administered alone. The sixth group was sacrificed directly without administration of any drugs. A distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) test was applied to both ears of all experimental animals. Curcumin was administered 1 h before cisplatin treatment continued for three successive days. Vitamin E was administered only as a single dose 30 min prior to cisplatin. All animals were sacrificed following DPOAE testing on the 5th day of cisplatin administration. Histopathological findings included a TUNEL (TdT-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labeling) assay, and the percentage of apoptotic cells was calculated. DPOAE values and the percentage of apoptotic cells were compared before and after treatment and between experimental groups.
RESULTS: In Group 1, DPOAE values were significantly decreased at all frequencies (3000 Hz, 4000 Hz and 6000 Hz; P < 0.05). In Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 there was no significant difference between the pre- and post-treatment DPOAE results (p > 0.05). Apoptotic index values were lower in all treatment groups compared to the cisplatin group, however the difference was only statistically significant in group 3 (p = 0.009).
CONCLUSION: In rats, cisplatin ototoxicity can be prevented with curcumin or curcumin-vitamin E combination.

PMID: 27619052 [PubMed - in process]

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Demographic data, referral patterns and interventions used for children and adolescents with tinnitus and hyperacusis in Denmark.

Demographic data, referral patterns and interventions used for children and adolescents with tinnitus and hyperacusis in Denmark.

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Oct;89:112-20

Authors: Rosing SN, Kapandais A, Schmidt JH, Baguley DM

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether children and adolescents with tinnitus and/or hyperacusis are seen in Ear-Nose-Throat (ENT) clinics and to report the clinical data, treatment and referral patterns of these children. To describe the population of children and adolescents with tinnitus and/or hyperacusis found in Educational- Psychological Advisory services (EPAs) and Centres for special Education for Adults (CEAs) and to identify the referral patterns and interventions used for the children in each of these settings.
METHODS: A prospective study within 15 ENT clinics was conducted from June 2014 to February 2015. All children with a primary complaint of tinnitus and/or hyperacusis was reported. No changes in daily practice regarding diagnostics, treatment or referral were made. A retrospective case review was undertaken during a five-year period from 01/01/2009 to 31/12/2013 in each Danish municipality and region.
RESULTS: In the prospective ENT study, 12 children were identified and in the retrospective CEA/EPA study 69 children were identified. The 12 children seen by ENT (8 females and 4 male) had an age range from 5.7 to 14 years. The majority of the 69 children seen by CEA/EPA (n = 50, 72.5%) had been diagnosed with tinnitus as a primary complaint. Hyperacusis was the primary complaint in 9 cases (12.8%), and both tinnitus and hyperacusis were reported in 11 cases (15.7%). The findings of this study indicate that a majority of children with tinnitus and/or hyperacusis are seen in settings designed for adult audiological rehabilitation. Counselling, including explanations and discussion of coping strategies was the most commonly reported intervention. Intervention methods corresponding with guidelines for tinnitus management in adults were used in 11 cases (15.9%).
CONCLUSION: Overall only a small number of children with tinnitus and/or hyperacusis were identified in this systems, suggesting that either the children are seen at general practitioner level or not being referred at all. It may also be the case that the incidence of troublesome tinnitus in childhood is lower than the epidemiological data proposes. Referral pathways indicate a general uncertainty about which services provide acquire sufficient intervention. This study indicates that clinicians working at tinnitus services for adults (CEAs) collectively have the skills to help older children, and that a service development focus should be on the younger children as this point.

PMID: 27619040 [PubMed - in process]

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[Juvenile dermatomyositis: Early onset and unusual presentation].

[Juvenile dermatomyositis: Early onset and unusual presentation].

Arch Pediatr. 2016 Sep 9;

Authors: Rachadi H, Bouayad K, Chiheb S

Abstract
Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a rare disease, with a mean age of onset of 7 years. We report a case of JDM in a 13-month-old infant.
OBSERVATION: A 13-month-old infant presented with an edema of the upper lip, 4 days after receiving amoxicillin-clavulanate. The patient was treated with betamethasone and an antihistamine. Progression was marked by the appearance of a white edema of the periorbital area and the upper lip, with purpuric lesions, aphthoid ulcerations, and a drooping head. Very high muscle enzymes, a myogenic electromyogram, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were found and diagnosis of JDM was retained. The patient was treated with a high dose of corticosteroids and methotrexate. Before the installation of dysphagia, dysphonia, and axial hypotonia, the bolus of cyclophosphamide was administered, with clear improvement. Corticosteroids and methotrexate were then kept over the long term.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The originality of this observation of JDM resides in the very young age of onset of the disease, its unusual cutaneous signs including labial edema extending to the regions around the eyes, its severe muscle manifestations causing axial hypotonia, and finally, in its association with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Early initiation of treatment (12 days after the onset of symptoms) greatly improved the prognosis of this form of JDM, which is very severe and refractory to first-line therapy.

PMID: 27622296 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Morell Mackenzie's Contribution to the Description of Spasmodic Dysphonia.

Morell Mackenzie's Contribution to the Description of Spasmodic Dysphonia.

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2016 Sep 12;

Authors: Lorch MP, Whurr R

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Since the middle of the 20th century, most discussions of spasmodic dysphonia (SD) reference a paper by Ludwig Traube published in1871 as the first historical citation, crediting him with priority for this clinical syndrome. However, our recent research has determined that the original observation by Traube was published in 1864 and does not in fact describe what is currently recognized as SD. It appears that many clinics throughout Europe and North America were investigating and publishing observations on a range of voice disorders.
METHODS: The wider context of work on laryngeal disorders in the 1860s-1870s is considered. One of Traube's contemporaries, Morell Mackenzie, made significant contributions to the understanding of laryngeal movement disorder and its consequences for the voice. These will be examined to gain a clearer focus on the characterization of this disorder.
RESULTS: The clinical descriptions published by Morrell Mackenzie in the 1860s provide details that conform quite closely to our current-day understanding of SD.
CONCLUSIONS: The citation of Traube's "hysterical" patient links to mid 20th-century views of the functional nature of SD and the utility of psychiatric treatment. The description presented by Mackenzie is consistent with current views of SD as a movement disorder.

PMID: 27620668 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Endoscopic skull base surgery: where on the parabola?

Endoscopic skull base surgery: where on the parabola?

J Neurosurg Sci. 2016 Dec;60(4):438-440

Authors: Cappabianca P, Doglietto F, Gentili F, Nicolai P

PMID: 27623152 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Soccer-Related Facial Trauma: A Nationwide Perspective.

Soccer-Related Facial Trauma: A Nationwide Perspective.

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2016 Sep 12;

Authors: Bobian MR, Hanba CJ, Svider PF, Hojjat H, Folbe AJ, Eloy JA, Shkoukani MA

Abstract
PURPOSE: Soccer participation continues to increase among all ages in the US. Our objective was to analyze trends in soccer-related facial injury epidemiology, demographics, and mechanisms of injury.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was evaluated for soccer-related facial injuries from 2010 through 2014. Results for product code "soccer" were filtered for injures to the face. Number of injuries was extrapolated, and data were analyzed for age, sex, specific injury diagnoses, locations, and mechanisms.
RESULTS: In all, 2054 soccer-related facial trauma entries were analyzed. During this time, the number of injures remained relatively stable. Lacerations were the most common diagnosis (44.2%), followed by contusions and fractures. The most common sites of fracture were the nose (75.1%). Of fractures with a reported mechanism of injury, the most common was head-to-head collisions (39.0%). Patients <19 years accounted for 66.9% of injuries, and athletes over 18 years old had a higher risk of fractures.
CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of soccer-related facial trauma has remained stable, but the severity of such injuries remain a danger. Facial protection in soccer is virtually absent, and our findings reinforce the need to educate athletes, families, and physicians on injury awareness and prevention.

PMID: 27620669 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Symptomatic stroke complicating central skull base osteomyelitis following otitis media in a 2-year old boy: Case report and review of the literature.

Symptomatic stroke complicating central skull base osteomyelitis following otitis media in a 2-year old boy: Case report and review of the literature.

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Oct;89:140-4

Authors: Kilich E, Dwivedi R, Segal S, Jayawant S, Sadarangani M

Abstract
We describe the youngest case to date of a 2 year old child who developed central skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) initially presenting with a fever, vomiting and sore throat. An extremely rare complication of mastoiditis following otitis media in children is SBO which can present with non-specific symptoms. This report describes the first case of symptomatic ischaemic stroke secondary to SBO in an immunocompetent child. We review the literature of the management and the potential cerebrovascular complications of central SBO in children secondary to otolaryngological infection.

PMID: 27619045 [PubMed - in process]

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Intradural chordoma presenting with intratumoral bleeding.

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Intradural chordoma presenting with intratumoral bleeding.

J Clin Neurosci. 2016 Mar;25:139-42

Authors: Vellutini Ede A, de Oliveira MF

Abstract
Intradural clival chordomas are very rare, and only 29 cases have been reported to our knowledge. They arise purely intradurally without bone or dural involvement and may differ from classic clival chordomas in physiopathology and management. We present a 28-year-old woman who presented with intradural clival chordoma and tumoral bleeding. After initial gross macroscopic surgical resection, she presented with tumor recurrence after 2 years, again with intratumoral bleeding. Although usually considered to have a more favorable prognosis in comparison to typical chordomas, intradural chordomas appear to behave as typical chordomas. Intratumoral bleeding may be a sign of an aggressive lesion and risk of recurrence. We highlight the differential diagnosis of intrinsic posterior fossa bleeding, especially in young patients. Intradural chordomas may be underdiagnosed and incorrectly treated as other types of parenchymal hemorrhage.

PMID: 26563604 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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The role of miR-135-modified adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in bone regeneration.

Related Articles

The role of miR-135-modified adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in bone regeneration.

Biomaterials. 2016 Jan;75:279-94

Authors: Xie Q, Wang Z, Zhou H, Yu Z, Huang Y, Sun H, Bi X, Wang Y, Shi W, Gu P, Fan X

Abstract
Tissue-engineering technology employing genetically-modified mesenchymal stem cells combined with proper scaffolds represents a promising strategy for bone regeneration. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms that govern the osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells will give deeper insights into the regulatory patterns, as well as provide more effective methods to enhance bone regeneration. In this study, miR-135 was identified as an osteogenesis-related microRNA that was up-regulated during the osteogenesis of rat adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). Gain- and loss-of-function experiments using a lentiviral expression system showed that Homeobox A2 (Hoxa2) was negatively regulated by miR-135, and luciferase reporter assay further indicated that miR-135 repressed Hoxa2 expression through binding to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the Hoxa2 mRNA. In vitro analyses showed that the overexpression of miR-135 significantly enhanced the expression of bone markers and extracellular matrix calcium deposition, whereas the knockdown of miR-135 suppressed these processes. Transduced ADSCs were then combined with poly(sebacoyl diglyceride) (PSeD) scaffold to repair a critical-sized calvarial defects in rats. The results showed that the overexpression of miR-135 significantly promoted new bone formation with higher bone mineral density (BMD) and number of trabeculae (Tb.N), as well as larger areas of newly formed bone and mineralization labeled by tetracycline, calcein and alizarin red. In contrast, the knockdown of miR-135 attenuated these processes. Additionally, immunohistochemical analyses showed that transduced ADSCs participated in new bone formation and a miR-135/Hoxa2/Runx2 pathway might contribute to the regulation of ADSC osteogenesis and bone regeneration. Taken together, our data suggested that miR-135 positively regulated the osteogenesis and bone regeneration of ADSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, the combination of miR-135-modified ADSCs and the PSeD scaffold may serve as a promising and effective method to repair critical-sized bone defects.

PMID: 26513420 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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An Unusual Cause of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Narghile Smoking.

An Unusual Cause of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Narghile Smoking.

Am J Case Rep. 2016;17:660-2

Authors: Ateş A, Arikan M, Özgök A

Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is commonly seen during the winter season in Turkey due to use of charcoal stoves and water heaters, but narghile smoking is a rare cause of CO poisoning. CASE REPORT In this paper, we report a CO poisoning case caused by narghile smoking. The patient was admitted to the ED with nausea, dizziness, vertigo, and syncope. CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis of CO poisoning depends on suspicious anamnesis. The major treatment of CO poisoning is oxygen supply.

PMID: 27618983 [PubMed - in process]

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Differences in Postoperative Hearing Outcomes and Vertigo in Patients with Otosclerosis Treated with Laser-Assisted Stapedotomy versus Stapedectomy.

Related Articles

Differences in Postoperative Hearing Outcomes and Vertigo in Patients with Otosclerosis Treated with Laser-Assisted Stapedotomy versus Stapedectomy.

ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2015;77(5):287-93

Authors: Sakamoto T, Kikuta S, Kikkawa YS, Tsutsumiuchi K, Kanaya K, Fujimaki Y, Ueha R, Saito Y, Yamasoba T

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Otosclerosis is an abnormal bone growth in the otic capsule that can result in hearing loss. In this study, we compared postoperative hearing outcomes and vestibular symptoms between patients treated with laser-assisted stapedotomy versus stapedectomy.
METHODS: The medical charts of 99 ears treated with stapes surgery were retrospectively reviewed.
RESULTS: A stapedotomy, partial stapedectomy, or total stapedectomy was conducted in 77, 16, and 56 ears, respectively. The ears treated with partial- and total stapedectomies were unified into one stapedectomy group. The postoperative changes in the air-bone gap after stapedotomies were significantly larger than those after stapedectomies at 1, 2, and 4 kHz. The postoperative changes in the air conduction threshold after stapedotomies were significantly larger than those after stapedectomies at 1, 2, 4, and 8 kHz. The postoperative changes in the bone conduction threshold at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz did not differ between the groups. The postoperative vertigo duration after stapedotomies was significantly shorter than that after stapedectomies.
CONCLUSIONS: Surgery-induced sensorineural hearing losses were similar for stapedotomies and stapedectomies. However, stapedotomies were more effective and atraumatic than stapedectomies because of the better postoperative hearing results at middle and high frequencies and the shorter postoperative vertigo.

PMID: 26345411 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Crossmodal interactions during non-linguistic auditory processing in cochlear-implanted deaf patients.

Crossmodal interactions during non-linguistic auditory processing in cochlear-implanted deaf patients.

Cortex. 2016 Aug 26;83:259-270

Authors: Barone P, Chambaudie L, Strelnikov K, Fraysse B, Marx M, Belin P, Deguine O

Abstract
Due to signal distortion, speech comprehension in cochlear-implanted (CI) patients relies strongly on visual information, a compensatory strategy supported by important cortical crossmodal reorganisations. Though crossmodal interactions are evident for speech processing, it is unclear whether a visual influence is observed in CI patients during non-linguistic visual-auditory processing, such as face-voice interactions, which are important in social communication. We analyse and compare visual-auditory interactions in CI patients and normal-hearing subjects (NHS) at equivalent auditory performance levels. Proficient CI patients and NHS performed a voice-gender categorisation in the visual-auditory modality from a morphing-generated voice continuum between male and female speakers, while ignoring the presentation of a male or female visual face. Our data show that during the face-voice interaction, CI deaf patients are strongly influenced by visual information when performing an auditory gender categorisation task, in spite of maximum recovery of auditory speech. No such effect is observed in NHS, even in situations of CI simulation. Our hypothesis is that the functional crossmodal reorganisation that occurs in deafness could influence nonverbal processing, such as face-voice interaction; this is important for patient internal supramodal representation.

PMID: 27622640 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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The Effects of Curvature and Constriction on Airflow and Energy Loss in Pathological Tracheas.

The Effects of Curvature and Constriction on Airflow and Energy Loss in Pathological Tracheas.

Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2016 Sep 9;

Authors: Bates AJ, Cetto R, Doorly DJ, Schroter RC, Tolley NS, Comerford A

Abstract
This paper considers factors that play a significant role in determining inspiratory pressure and energy losses in the human trachea. Previous characterisations of pathological geometry changes have focussed on relating airway constriction and subsequent pressure loss, however many pathologies that affect the trachea cause deviation, increased curvature, constriction or a combination of these. This study investigates the effects of these measures on tracheal flow mechanics, using compressive goitre (a thyroid gland enlargement) as an example. Computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed in airways affected by goitres (with differing geometric consequences) and a normal geometry for comparison. Realistic airways, derived from medical images, were used because idealised geometries often oversimplify the complex anatomy of the larynx and its effects on the flow. Two mechanisms, distinct from stenosis, were found to strongly affect airflow energy dissipation in the pathological tracheas. The jet emanating from the glottis displayed different impingement and breakdown patterns in pathological geometries and increased loss was associated with curvature.

PMID: 27619197 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Morphology of nerve endings in vocal fold of human newborn.

Morphology of nerve endings in vocal fold of human newborn.

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Oct;89:55-9

Authors: Gonçalves da Silva Leite J, Costa Cavalcante ML, Fechine-Jamacaru FV, de Lima Pompeu MM, Leite JA, Nascimento Coelho DM, Rabelo de Freitas M

Abstract
Sensory receptors are distributed throughout the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. Laryngeal sensitivity is crucial for maintaining safe swallowing, thus avoiding silent aspiration. Morphologic description of different receptor types present in larynx vary because of the study of many different species, from mouse to humans. The most commonly sensory structures described in laryngeal mucosa are free nerve endings, taste buds, muscle spindles, glomerular and corpuscular receptors. This study aimed at describing the morphology and the distribution of nerve endings in premature newborn glottic region. Transversal serial frozen sections of the whole vocal folds of three newborns were analyzed using an immuno-histochemical process with a pan-neuronal marker anti-protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5). Imaging was done using a confocal laser microscope. Nerve fiber density in vocal cord was calculated using panoramic images in software Morphometric Analysis System v1.0. Some sensory structures, i.e. glomerular endings and intraepithelial free nerve endings were found in the vocal cord mucosa. Muscle spindles, complex nerve endings (Meissner-like, spherical, rectangular and growing) spiral-wharves nerve structures were identified in larynx intrinsic muscles. Nervous total mean density in vocal cord was similar in the three newborns, although they had different gestational age. The mean nerve fiber density was higher in the posterior region than anterior region of vocal cord. The present results demonstrate the occurrence of different morphotypes of sensory corpuscles and nerve endings premature newborn glottic region and provide information on their sensory systems.

PMID: 27619029 [PubMed - in process]

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Congenital laryngomalacia is related to exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction in adolescence.

Related Articles

Congenital laryngomalacia is related to exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction in adolescence.

Arch Dis Child. 2016 May;101(5):443-8

Authors: Hilland M, Røksund OD, Sandvik L, Haaland Ø, Aarstad HJ, Halvorsen T, Heimdal JH

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Congenital laryngomalacia (CLM) is the major cause of stridor in infants. Most cases are expected to resolve before 2 years of age, but long-term respiratory prospects are poorly described. We aimed to investigate if CLM was associated with altered laryngeal structure or function in later life.
METHODS: Twenty of 23 (87%) infants hospitalised at Haukeland University Hospital during 1990-2000 for CLM without comorbidities and matched controls were assessed at mean age 13 years. Past and current respiratory morbidity was recorded in a questionnaire, and spirometry performed according to standard quality criteria. Laryngoscopy was performed at rest and continuously throughout a maximal treadmill exercise test (continuous laryngoscopy exercise test (CLE-test)), and scored and classified in a blinded fashion according to preset criteria.
RESULTS: In the CLM group, laryngeal anatomy supporting CLM in infancy was described at rest in nine (45%) adolescents. Eleven (55%) reported breathing difficulties in relation to exercise, of whom 7 had similarities to CLM at rest and 10 had supraglottic obstruction during CLE-test. Overall, 6/20 had symptoms during exercise and similarities to CLM at rest and obstruction during CLE-test. In the control group, one adolescent reported breathing difficulty during exercise and two had laryngeal obstruction during CLE-test. The two groups differed significantly from each other regarding laryngoscopy scores, obtained at rest and during exercise (p=0.001 or less).
CONCLUSIONS: CLM had left footprints that increased the risk of later exercise-induced symptoms and laryngeal obstruction. The findings underline the heterogeneity of childhood respiratory disease and the importance of considering early life factors.

PMID: 26906070 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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