Publication date: Available online 9 January 2018
Source:Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology
Author(s): A. Wood, B.I. Conn
We present two further cases of sclerosing microcystic adenocarcinoma occurring in the tongue of two female patients; one aged 68 years old and the other 49 years old. Histopathologically, both tumours were characterized by a diffusely infiltrative lesion consisting of small cuboidal cells arranged in discrete, dispersed cords, isolated tubules and bilayered strands with intervening microcystic lumina set in a sclerotic background. Both lesions showed striking neurotopism with perineural and intraneural infiltration. Extensive invasion of adjacent skeletal muscle was also observed. The tumour cells showed diffuse staining with antibodies to CK7. A dual population of ductal and myoepithelial cells was identified, with antibodies to CAM5.2 & CK5/6 decorating the inner epithelial layer and antibodies to p63, p40 and S100 staining the outer myoepithelial cell layer. The Ki-67 proliferation index in both cases was <5%. An initial diagnosis of adenocarcinoma NOS of salivary gland origin was made on both incisional biopsies with a possible metastatic origin, particularly from breast, also raised. A local minor salivary gland origin was confirmed after staging investigations and surgical resection. Both patients were treated by surgery alone and remain well five years and one year and two months post treatment respectively.
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Τρίτη 9 Ιανουαρίου 2018
Sclerosing microcystic adenocarcinoma of the tongue: a report of two further cases and review of the literature.
Reconstruction of an Irradiated Perineal Wound
The authors discuss the successful reconstruction of a non-healing perineal wound using an SGAP flap.
ePlasty, Open Access Journal of Plastic Surgery
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Circadian Genes and Risk of Prostate Cancer in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial
ABSTRACT
Background: Circadian genes have been considered as a possible biological mechanism for the observed relationship between circadian rhythm disruptions and increased risk of hormone-related cancers. In the current study, we investigated the relationship between circadian gene variants and prostate cancer risk and whether reducing bioavailable testosterone modifies the circadian genes-prostate cancer relationship.
Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study among Caucasian men in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT), a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial to assess if finasteride (an androgen bioactivation inhibitor) could prevent prostate cancer. We evaluated the associations between 240 circadian gene variations and prostate cancer risk among 1,092 biopsy-confirmed prostate cancer cases and 1,089 biopsy-negative controls in the study (642 cases and 667 controls from the placebo group; 450 cases and 422 controls from the finasteride group), stratified by treatment group.
Results: Among men in the finasteride group, there were suggestive associations between NPAS2 variants and total prostate cancer risk, with one SNP remaining statistically significant after Bonferroni correction (rs746924, odds ratio [OR] = 1.5, p = 9.6 × 10−5). However, we found little evidence of increased prostate cancer risk (overall or by low/high grade) associated with circadian gene variations in men of the placebo group, suggesting potential modification of genetic effects by treatment.
Conclusions: We did not find strong evidence that circadian gene variants influenced prostate cancer risk in men who were not on finasteride treatment. There were suggestive associations between NPAS2 variants and prostate cancer risk among men using finasteride, which warrants further investigations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
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Long-term Average Speech Spectra of Postlingual Cochlear Implant Users
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Mustafa Yüksel, Bülent Gündüz
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Cancers, Vol. 10, Pages 15: Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Cancers in 2017
Cancers, Vol. 10, Pages 15: Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Cancers in 2017
Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers10010015
Authors: Cancers Editorial Office
Peer review is an essential part in the publication process, ensuring that Cancers maintains high quality standards for its published papers[...]
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Long-term Average Speech Spectra of Postlingual Cochlear Implant Users
Publication date: Available online 9 January 2018
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Mustafa Yüksel, Bülent Gündüz
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Effects of Creating Awareness Through Photographs and Posters on Skin Self-Examination in Nursing Students
Abstract
Nurses can have an influence on primary and secondary prevention of skin cancer. Therefore, it is important to help them acquire knowledge and skills necessary to modify behavior in relation to skin cancers. The aim of this study was to examine effects of creating awareness through photographs and posters on knowledge and skills of skin self-examination in nursing students. The study had a quasi-experimental design with a pretest and a posttest in a single group. The study population included 249 last-year nursing students in Turkey. Non-probability sampling was used to reach the population. The study sample was composed of 201 students volunteering to participate in the study, and the response rate was 81 %. Of the students, 85.1 % (n = 171) were female and the mean age of the students was 22.18 ± 0.78 years. Of the students, 94.5 % did not know the asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolution (ABCDE) criteria on the pretest, but this rate decreased to 20.9 % on the posttest. The mean score for knowledge of symptoms of skin cancer was 10.95 ± 1.37 on the pretest and 11.48 ± 0.90 on the posttest. There was a significant linear increase in the scores for knowledge of the symptoms (F = 7.874, p < 0.001) after the intervention with photographs and posters. The students were observed to learn the ABCDE criteria and had increased knowledge of skin cancer symptoms after the intervention using photographs and posters. Photographs and posters are effective tools which can be used to increase awareness of skin self-examination.
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Cancer-Diagnosed Individuals’ Use of Television and the Internet as a Source for Peer Stories and Associated Emotional Responses
Abstract
When people are confronted with a potentially life-threatening disease such as cancer, they are likely to feel an urgent need for information about the disease and support from peers. Studies have shown that the mass media contain a lot of experiential information (i.e., peer stories) about cancer, either from real individuals or from fictional characters. To date, most studies have focused on using the Internet for peer support. This study aimed to extend this line of research by investigating (1) whether cancer-diagnosed individuals use both television and the Internet to access peer stories, (2) whether exposure to these stories results in different emotional outcomes, and (3) whether this differs depending on gender. A cross-sectional survey among 621 cancer-diagnosed individuals in Flanders (Belgium) showed that both television and the Internet were used as a source for following peer stories. Respondents indicated feeling fearful and concerned when following peer stories on entertainment television, but following peer stories on online forums was associated with feeling supported. These different emotional responses could be the result of the differences between these two content categories (i.e., fictional versus non-fictional peer stories). Future research should further examine these relationships by investigating the role of mass media content and how different psychological coping styles and personality traits moderate these associations.
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Psychometric Testing of the Turkish Version of the Skin Cancer and Sun Knowledge Scale in Nursing Students
Abstract
The present study aimed assesses the nursing students' knowledge of skin cancer and sun and their sun protection behaviors. This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed from May to June 2014 with a convenience sample of 376 undergraduate nursing students from one nursing faculty located in Izmir. Mean age of the students was 21.56 ± 1.96 years. The mean score that the females obtained from the level of knowledge and protection behaviors scales was significantly higher than that of the males. Older age group (≥22 years) obtained higher scores on the knowledge and protection behaviors scales than younger group (≤21 years). Nursing students' knowledge of, and behavior regarding, skin cancer and sun health were insufficient. Equipping them with the necessary knowledge and behaviors related to skin cancer and sun health by developing training programs and strategies on the issue is of utmost importance.
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Feasibility Test of a Community-Relevant Intervention Designed to Promote African American Participation in Translational, Breast Cancer Disparities Research: Know About Health Options for Women (Know HOW)
Abstract
There are marked racial differences in breast cancer, the second leading cause of death among US women. Understanding the causes of these differences is essential to eliminate breast cancer inequities. More prevalent in African American than in Caucasian women, metabolic syndrome has been associated with breast cancer outcomes. Further research is needed to understand metabolic syndrome's role in breast cancer disparities, thus novel strategies to increase minority participation in research are important. We embedded two approaches (comprehensive, focused) to increase African American participation in breast cancer research in a state-wide service program and pilot tested both approaches in rural African American women. We conducted three comprehensive and three focused outreach programs (n = 48) and assessed research participation through consent and actual provision of data for four types of data: survey, anthropometric, blood, and mammography records. The majority of participants provided written consent for all data collection procedures (96 % survey; 92 % anthropometric; 94 %, blood; 100 % mammography). There were no between group differences in consent rates. There was variation in the overall proportion of participants who provided data (96 % survey; 92 % anthropometric; 73 % blood; 40 % mammography). Women in the comprehensive approach were less likely to return for a scheduled mammogram than women in the focused approach (19 % vs 64 %, p = 0.0236). Both outreach programs promoted African American engagement in research. Differences in the provision of data by type may have been due to participant burden (i.e., time required to provide data). Study designs that embed research in service programs have promise to increase minority research participation.
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Japanese Cancer Survivors’ Awareness of and Participation in Support Groups
Abstract
Cancer survivors face many challenges, and cancer support groups provide a range of support. Several reports have shown the benefits of support groups. However, it is not clear how Japanese cancer survivors use them. This study aimed to examine cancer survivors' awareness of and reasons for participation or non-participation in cancer support groups. We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey with ambulatory patients with cancer across eight designated cancer hospitals. The questionnaire covered patients' demographics, disease characteristics, participation/non-participation in cancer support groups, and reasons for participation/non-participation. In total, 569 questionnaires were distributed, and responses were received from 275 patients with cancer. Of these, 135 patients were aware of support groups and 23 had participated in a group. Patients who were aware of support groups were more likely to be young, female patients. Many patients learned about support groups from hospital notices. Most support group participants expected to receive information about the disease and treatment (91%). They also wanted to hear about other patients' experiences (73%). The most common reasons for non-participation were "no particular reason" (38%) and "family or friends support me" (27%). About half of participating patients were unaware of support groups. Even among patients who were aware, many did not attend a support group. Developing a better understanding of support group use in cancer survivors may enhance provision of adequate care based on individual needs.
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Cancer-Diagnosed Individuals’ Use of Television and the Internet as a Source for Peer Stories and Associated Emotional Responses
Abstract
When people are confronted with a potentially life-threatening disease such as cancer, they are likely to feel an urgent need for information about the disease and support from peers. Studies have shown that the mass media contain a lot of experiential information (i.e., peer stories) about cancer, either from real individuals or from fictional characters. To date, most studies have focused on using the Internet for peer support. This study aimed to extend this line of research by investigating (1) whether cancer-diagnosed individuals use both television and the Internet to access peer stories, (2) whether exposure to these stories results in different emotional outcomes, and (3) whether this differs depending on gender. A cross-sectional survey among 621 cancer-diagnosed individuals in Flanders (Belgium) showed that both television and the Internet were used as a source for following peer stories. Respondents indicated feeling fearful and concerned when following peer stories on entertainment television, but following peer stories on online forums was associated with feeling supported. These different emotional responses could be the result of the differences between these two content categories (i.e., fictional versus non-fictional peer stories). Future research should further examine these relationships by investigating the role of mass media content and how different psychological coping styles and personality traits moderate these associations.
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Psychometric Testing of the Turkish Version of the Skin Cancer and Sun Knowledge Scale in Nursing Students
Abstract
The present study aimed assesses the nursing students' knowledge of skin cancer and sun and their sun protection behaviors. This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed from May to June 2014 with a convenience sample of 376 undergraduate nursing students from one nursing faculty located in Izmir. Mean age of the students was 21.56 ± 1.96 years. The mean score that the females obtained from the level of knowledge and protection behaviors scales was significantly higher than that of the males. Older age group (≥22 years) obtained higher scores on the knowledge and protection behaviors scales than younger group (≤21 years). Nursing students' knowledge of, and behavior regarding, skin cancer and sun health were insufficient. Equipping them with the necessary knowledge and behaviors related to skin cancer and sun health by developing training programs and strategies on the issue is of utmost importance.
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Health Literacy, Mammogram Awareness and Screening Among Tertiary Hospital Women Patients
Abstract
In spite of high mortality rates and prevalence, breast cancer awareness and screening is low among Turkish women. This study aimed to determine level of health literacy, mammogram awareness, and screening among tertiary hospital women patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 519 patients aged between 40 and 69. A questionnaire was applied to women patients including demographic characteristics, health behaviors, mammogram awareness and screening, and health literacy tool. Mammogram awareness and screening were questioned according to the Turkish Breast Cancer Screening Standard. To assess health literacy level, the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine was used. Over half of the women were aware of the mammogram age and 23.1 % had a mammogram within 2 years. Limited health literacy was high among patients, and it was significantly associated with lower mammogram awareness (OR 6.53; 95% CL 1.46–9.13) and screening (OR 1.12; 95% CL 0.45–2.80). Health literacy can be an advantageous opportunity on focal point of national cancer screening. Breast cancer education program and public health campaigns should be arranged according to women health literacy level.
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Feasibility Test of a Community-Relevant Intervention Designed to Promote African American Participation in Translational, Breast Cancer Disparities Research: Know About Health Options for Women (Know HOW)
Abstract
There are marked racial differences in breast cancer, the second leading cause of death among US women. Understanding the causes of these differences is essential to eliminate breast cancer inequities. More prevalent in African American than in Caucasian women, metabolic syndrome has been associated with breast cancer outcomes. Further research is needed to understand metabolic syndrome's role in breast cancer disparities, thus novel strategies to increase minority participation in research are important. We embedded two approaches (comprehensive, focused) to increase African American participation in breast cancer research in a state-wide service program and pilot tested both approaches in rural African American women. We conducted three comprehensive and three focused outreach programs (n = 48) and assessed research participation through consent and actual provision of data for four types of data: survey, anthropometric, blood, and mammography records. The majority of participants provided written consent for all data collection procedures (96 % survey; 92 % anthropometric; 94 %, blood; 100 % mammography). There were no between group differences in consent rates. There was variation in the overall proportion of participants who provided data (96 % survey; 92 % anthropometric; 73 % blood; 40 % mammography). Women in the comprehensive approach were less likely to return for a scheduled mammogram than women in the focused approach (19 % vs 64 %, p = 0.0236). Both outreach programs promoted African American engagement in research. Differences in the provision of data by type may have been due to participant burden (i.e., time required to provide data). Study designs that embed research in service programs have promise to increase minority research participation.
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Japanese Cancer Survivors’ Awareness of and Participation in Support Groups
Abstract
Cancer survivors face many challenges, and cancer support groups provide a range of support. Several reports have shown the benefits of support groups. However, it is not clear how Japanese cancer survivors use them. This study aimed to examine cancer survivors' awareness of and reasons for participation or non-participation in cancer support groups. We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey with ambulatory patients with cancer across eight designated cancer hospitals. The questionnaire covered patients' demographics, disease characteristics, participation/non-participation in cancer support groups, and reasons for participation/non-participation. In total, 569 questionnaires were distributed, and responses were received from 275 patients with cancer. Of these, 135 patients were aware of support groups and 23 had participated in a group. Patients who were aware of support groups were more likely to be young, female patients. Many patients learned about support groups from hospital notices. Most support group participants expected to receive information about the disease and treatment (91%). They also wanted to hear about other patients' experiences (73%). The most common reasons for non-participation were "no particular reason" (38%) and "family or friends support me" (27%). About half of participating patients were unaware of support groups. Even among patients who were aware, many did not attend a support group. Developing a better understanding of support group use in cancer survivors may enhance provision of adequate care based on individual needs.
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Overexpression of CTNNB1: Clinical implication in Chinese de novo acute myeloid leukemia
Publication date: Available online 9 January 2018
Source:Pathology - Research and Practice
Author(s): Xi-xi Li, Hong Guo, Jing-dong Zhou, De-hong Wu, Ji-chun Ma, Xiang-mei Wen, Wei Zhang, Zi-jun Xu, Jiang Lin, Jun Qian
CTNNB1 expression has been identified in numerous solid tumors. The present study was designed to determine CTNNB1 expression and its clinical significance in Chinese de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Real-time quantitative PCR was carried out to detect the pattern of CTNNB1 expression in 140 AML patients and 46 controls. The level of CTNNB1 transcript in AML patients was significantly up-regulated compared with controls (P < 0.001). CTNNB1high patients showed significantly older age than CTNNB1low patients (P < 0.05). The frequency of high CTNNB1 expression was significantly observed in patients with intermediate/poor karyotypes. CTNNB1high patients had a significantly lower complete remission (CR) rate than CTNNB1low patients (P = 0.004). Among cytogenetically normal AML (CN-AML), CTNNB1high patients presented significantly shorter overall survival (OS, P = 0.004) and leukemia-free survival (LFS, P = 0.038) than CTNNB1low patients. Multivariate analysis confirmed that CTNNB1 expression was an independent prognostic factor in affecting OS among CN-AML. Moreover, our study revealed that CTNNB1 level significantly decreased after CR in 59 AML patients (P = 0.032) and increased in 28 relapsed AML patients (P = 0.015). Our findings suggest that Wnt/β-catenin is overexpressed and confers a poor prognosis in AML, and could be used in the monitoring of CN-AML.
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MiR-21-5p, miR-34a, and human telomerase RNA component as surrogate markers for cervical cancer progression
Publication date: Available online 9 January 2018
Source:Pathology - Research and Practice
Author(s): Yue Zhu, Ying Han, Tian Tian, Peihong Su, Guan Jin, Juan Chen, Yungui Cao
ObjectiveThis study aimed to demonstrate the predictive value of miR-21-5p, miR-34a, and human telomerase RNA component (hTERC) in cervical cancer (CC) development and evaluated their potential possibility for future clinical applications.MethodsSpecimens were collected from the normal cervix, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I, CIN II/III, cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Cytological evaluations and histopathologic examinations were conducted in all subjects, along with the assessment of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA. The expression levels of the miR-21-5p and miR-34a were detected by RT-PCR. hTERC amplification was detected by dual-color interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Then miRNA, hTERC expressions were compared with the cytological and histologic examination.ResultsCompared to that in the benign samples, the expression of miR-21-5p and miR-34a in abnormal samples was significantly upregulated and downregulated, gradually corresponding to the severity of cervical lesions (P < 0.05). There was a trend toward an increasing amplification of hTERC with the increasing severity of cervical lesions. miR-21-5p and miR-34a expression, and hTERC amplification were more specific than HPV positivity in differentiating low-grade cervical disorders from high-grade ones (P < 0.05).ConclusionsMiR-21-5p upregulation, miR-34a downregulation, and hTERC amplification were associated with the aggressive progression of CC, which suggests that miR-21-5p, miR-34a and hTERC might serve as surrogate markers for CC progression and potential molecular targets for blockage of the development of CC.
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Suitability of the CellientTM cell block method for diagnosing soft tissue and bone tumors
Background
The diagnosis of tumors of soft tissue and bone (STB) heavily relies on histological biopsies, whereas cytology is not widely used. CellientTM cell blocks often contain small tissue fragments. In addition to Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) interpretation of histological features, immunohistochemistry (IHC) can be applied after optimization of protocols. The objective of this retrospective study was to see whether this cytological technique allowed us to make a precise diagnosis of STB tumors.
Methods
Our study cohort consisted of 20 consecutive STB tumors, 9 fine-needle aspiration (FNAC) samples, and 11 endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) FNACs and included 8 primary tumors and 12 recurrences or metastases of known STB tumors.
Results
In all 20 cases, H&E stained sections revealed that diagnostically relevant histological and cytological features could be examined properly. In the group of 8 primary tumors, IHC performed on CellientTM material provided clinically important information in all cases. For instance, gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) was positive for CD117 and DOG-1 and a PEComa showed positive IHC for actin, desmin, and HMB-45. In the group of 12 secondary tumors, SATB2 was visualized in metastatic osteosarcoma, whereas expression of S-100 was present in 2 secondary chondrosarcomas. Metastatic chordoma could be confirmed by brachyury expression. Two metastatic alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas were myf4 positive, a metastasis of a gynecologic leiomyosarcoma was positive for actin and estrogen receptor (ER) and a recurrent dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans expressed CD34.
Conclusion
In the proper clinical context, including clinical presentation with imaging studies, the CellientTM cell block technique has great potential for the diagnosis of STB tumors.
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Chronic recurrent pulmonary thromboembolism in a patient with essential thrombocythemia, complicating acute right ventricular infarct
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Predictors of emotional distress a year or more after diagnosis of cancer: A systematic review of the literature
Abstract
Objective
Why some people recover emotionally after diagnosis and treatment of cancer and others do not is poorly understood. To identify factors around the time of diagnosis that predict longer-term distress is a necessary step in developing interventions to reduce patients' vulnerability. This review identified the demographic, clinical, social, and psychological factors available at or within 3 months of diagnosis that are reliable predictors of emotional distress at least 12 months later.
Methods
A systematic search of literature for prospective studies addressing our research question and predicting a range of distress outcomes was conducted. Thirty-nine papers (reporting 36 studies) were subjected to narrative synthesis of the evidence.
Results
There was no consistent evidence that demographic, clinical, or social factors reliably predicted longer-term distress. Of the psychological factors examined, only baseline distress (significant in 26 of 30 relevant papers; 24 of 28 studies) and neuroticism (significant in all 5 papers/studies that examined it) consistently predicted longer-term distress. The heterogeneity of included studies, particularly in populations studied and methodology, precluded meta-analytic techniques.
Conclusions
This review supports current clinical guidance advising early assessment of distress as a marker of vulnerability to persistent problems. Additionally, neuroticism is also indicated as a useful marker of vulnerability. However, the review also highlights that more sophisticated research designs, capable of identifying the psychological processes that underlie the association between these marker variables and persistent distress, are needed before more effective early interventions can be developed.
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Reflections on 35 Years of Journal of Neurotrauma
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Celebrating the Journal of Neurotrauma's 35 Years of Leadership and Accomplishment in Reporting Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research
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Infiltration and Distribution of Elemental Mercury DNAPL in Water-Saturated Porous Media: Experimental and Numerical Investigation
Abstract
Liquid elemental mercury occurrence in the subsurface as dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) is reported worldwide in proximity of several industrial facilities, such as chlor-alkali plants. Insight into Hg0 DNAPL infiltration behavior is lacking and, to date, there are no experimental observations of its infiltration and distribution in water-saturated porous media, except for capillary pressure-saturation column experiments. To better understand the processes governing elemental mercury DNAPL flow behavior, a series of flow container experiments were performed using mercury DNAPL (in sands and glass beads) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) (in sands). While liquid Hg0 was not able to infiltrate in the sand-filled container due to an overall lower permeability of the sample and a defect of the setup, in the glass beads experiment mercury DNAPL infiltration occurred. Dual gamma ray measurements showed that, in glass beads, liquid Hg0 preferentially migrated towards higher porosity zones. As for PCE, infiltration and distribution of Hg0 DNAPL are strongly affected by the heterogeneities within the porous formation. However, compared to other DNAPLs, liquid Hg0 shows a strong attenuation potential of gamma rays. Finally, numerical simulations of the glass beads experiment showed an overall good agreement with the experimental results, highlighting that, among the factors influencing the prediction of liquid Hg0 migration in water-saturated porous media, the most critical are (i) the knowledge of the inflow rate, (ii) the reliable estimation of the porous formation permeability, and (iii) the accurate representation of the correlation between retention properties and intrinsic permeability.
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The synergistic role of ATP-dependent drug efflux pump and focal adhesion signaling pathways in vinorelbine resistance in lung cancer
Abstract
The vinorelbine (VRB) plus cisplatin regimen is widely used to treat non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but its cure rate is poor. Drug resistance is the primary driver of chemotherapeutic failure, and the causes of resistance remain unclear. By focusing on the focal adhesion (FA) pathway, we have highlighted a signaling pathway that promotes VRB resistance in lung cancer cells. First, we established VRB-resistant (VR) lung cancer cells (NCI-H1299 and A549) and examined its transcriptional changes, protein expressions, and activations. We treated VR cells by Src Family Kinase (SFK) inhibitors or gene silencing and examined cell viabilities. ATP-binding Cassette Sub-family B Member 1 (ABCB1) was highly expressed in VR cells. A pathway analysis and western blot analysis revealed the high expression of integrins β1 and β3 and the activation of FA pathway components, including Src family kinase (SFK) and AKT, in VR cells. SFK involvement in VRB resistance was confirmed by the recovery of VRB sensitivity in FYN knockdown A549 VR cells. Saracatinib, a dual inhibitor of SFK and ABCB1, had a synergistic effect with VRB in VR cells. In conclusion, ABCB1 is the primary cause of VRB resistance. Additionally, the FA pathway, particularly integrin, and SFK, are promising targets for VRB-resistant lung cancer. Further studies are needed to identify clinically applicable target drugs and biomarkers that will improve disease prognoses and predict therapeutic efficacies.
We established vinorelbine-resistant lung cancer cells and examined its transcriptional changes, protein expressions, and activations. On the basis of these results, we focused on the focal adhesion (FA) pathway and tested the effects of gene silencing and inhibitors. In conclusion, FA pathway, particularly integrin and SFK, are promising targets for vinorelbine-resistant lung cancer.
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Mood disorders in familial epilepsy: A test of shared etiology
Summary
Objective
Mood disorders are the most common comorbid conditions in epilepsy, but the cause remains unclear. One possible explanation is a shared genetic susceptibility to epilepsy and mood disorders. We tested this hypothesis by evaluating lifetime prevalence of mood disorders in relatives with and without epilepsy in families containing multiple individuals with epilepsy, and comparing the findings with rates from a general population sample.
Methods
The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was administered to 192 individuals from 60 families, including 110 participants with epilepsy of unknown cause (50 focal epilepsy [FE], 42 generalized epilepsy [GE], 6 FE and GE, 12 unclassifiable) and 82 relatives without epilepsy (RWOE). Odds ratios (ORs) for lifetime prevalence of mood disorders in participants with versus without epilepsy were computed through logistic regression, using generalized estimation equations to account for familial clustering. Standardized prevalence ratios (SPRs) were used to compare prevalence in family members with general population rates.
Results
Compared with RWOE, ORs for mood disorders were significantly increased in participants with FE (OR = 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-5.2) but not in those with GE (OR = 1.0, 95% CI = 0.4-2.2). In addition, prevalence of mood disorders was increased in individuals with epilepsy who had ≥1 relative with FE. Compared with general population rates, mood disorders were significantly increased in individuals with FE but not in those with GE. Rates were also increased in RWOE, but not significantly so (SPR = 1.4, P = .14).
Significance
These findings are consistent with the hypothesis of shared genetic susceptibility to epilepsy and mood disorders, but suggest (1) the effect may be restricted to FE, and (2) the shared genetic effect on risk of mood disorders and epilepsy may be restricted to individuals with epilepsy, that is, to those in whom the genetic risk for epilepsy is "penetrant."
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Reflections on 35 Years of Journal of Neurotrauma
Journal of Neurotrauma Jan 2018, Vol. 35, No. 1: 4-16.
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Celebrating the Journal of Neurotrauma's 35 Years of Leadership and Accomplishment in Reporting Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research
Journal of Neurotrauma Jan 2018, Vol. 35, No. 1: 1-3.
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Linking dynamic patterns of neural activity in orbitofrontal cortex with decision making
Source:Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Volume 49
Author(s): Erin L Rich, Frederic M Stoll, Peter H Rudebeck
Humans and animals demonstrate extraordinary flexibility in choice behavior, particularly when deciding based on subjective preferences. We evaluate options on different scales, deliberate, and often change our minds. Little is known about the neural mechanisms that underlie these dynamic aspects of decision-making, although neural activity in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) likely plays a central role. Recent evidence from studies in macaques shows that attention modulates value responses in OFC, and that ensembles of OFC neurons dynamically signal different options during choices. When contexts change, these ensembles flexibly remap to encode the new task. Determining how these dynamic patterns emerge and relate to choices will inform models of decision-making and OFC function.
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Predictors of Anxiety and Depression among Parents of Children with Cancer in Jordan
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EZH2 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression through modulating miR-22/galectin-9 axis
Recent studies have shown that interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-induced galectin-9 expression in Kupffer cells plays an essential role in modulatingthe microenvironment of hepatitis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HC...
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A Qualitative Assessment of Academic Radiation Oncology Department Chairs’ Insights on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion: Progress, Challenges, and Future Aspirations
Source:International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics
Author(s): Rochelle D. Jones, Christina H. Chapman, Emma B. Holliday, Nafisha Lalani, Emily Wilson, James A. Bonner, Benjamin Movsas, Shalom Kalnicki, Silvia C. Formenti, Charles R. Thomas, Steve M. Hahn, Fei-Fei Liu, Reshma Jagsi
PurposeA lack of diversity has been observed in radiation oncology (RO), with women and certain racial/ethnic groups underrepresented as trainees, faculty, and practicing physicians. The authors sought to gain a nuanced understanding of how to best promote diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) based on the insights of RO department chairs, with particular attention given to the experiences of the few women and underrepresented minorities (URM) in these influential positions.MethodsIn March-June 2016, the authors conducted telephone interviews with 24 RO department chairs (of 27 invited). Purposive sampling was employed to invite all chairs who were women (n=13) or URM (n=3), along with 11 male chairs who were not URM. Multiple analysts coded verbatim transcripts.ResultsFive themes were identified: (1) commitment to DEI promotes quality healthcare and innovation, (2) gaps remain despite some progress with promoting diversity in RO, (3) women and URM faculty continue to experience challenges in various career domains, (4) solutions to DEI issues would be facilitated by acknowledging realities of gender and race, and (5) expansion of the career pipeline is needed.ConclusionsChairs' insights had policy-relevant implications. Bias training should broach tokenism, blindness, and intersectionality. Efforts to recruit and support diverse talent should be deliberate and proactive. Bridge programs could engage students before their application to medical school.
Teaser
This qualitative study sought to understand how to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion in radiation oncology. The authors conducted telephone interviews with department chairs, with attention to the experiences of the few women and underrepresented minorities in these positions. Chairs' insights had policy-relevant implications. Bias training should attempt to tap into the sensitive contextual areas of tokenism, blindness, and intersectionality. Efforts to recruit and support diverse talent should be deliberate and proactive. Bridge programs could engage diverse learners across the education spectrum.from #ORL-AlexandrosSfakianakis via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2AKWkZa
Endoscopic Surgery for Delayed Sinonasal Complications of Radiotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: a Subjective Outcome
Publication date: Available online 9 January 2018
Source:International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics
Author(s): Rachel Shemesh, Eran E. Alon, Iris Gluck, Arkadi Yakirevitch
BackgroundDelayed sino-nasal complications of radiotherapy include choanal stenosis, osteoradionecrosis, chronic sinusitis and intranasal synechiae. There are only sporadic reports on their surgical treatment with equivocal results.MethodsThis is a prospective case series of all patients surgically treated for delayed sino-nasal complications of radiotherapy in our institution during the last 10 years. The inclusion criteria required at least a 6-month follow up after the surgery. Included patients were asked to fill a SNOT-16 questionnaire preoperatively and 6 months after the surgery.Resultsnine patients with history of radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma were included in our series. In all cases partial or complete subjective improvement was seen.ConclusionIn select cases, endoscopic sinus surgery may be of benefit in the treatment of delayed sino-nasal complications of radiotherapy.
Teaser
Delayed sino-nasal complications of radiotherapy include choanal stenosis, osteoradionecrosis, chronic sinusitis and intranasal synechiae. Their incidence and burden on their quality of life are underestimated. Results of our prospective study show good subjective outcome of surgical treatment of these delayed sino-nasal complications. It should encourage clinicians to be cognizant of symptoms suspicious for this pathology and to be diligent in referring the patients for further evaluation and treatment.from #ORL-AlexandrosSfakianakis via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2D0ixbN
Radiation Therapy to Sites of Metastatic Disease as Part of Consolidation in High-risk Neuroblastoma: Can Long-term Control be Achieved?
Publication date: Available online 9 January 2018
Source:International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics
Author(s): Dana L. Casey, Ken L. Pitter, Brian H. Kushner, Nai-Kong V. Cheung, Shakeel Modak, Michael P. LaQuaglia, Suzanne L. Wolden
BackgroundAs part of consolidative therapy in high-risk neuroblastoma, modern protocols recommend radiation therapy (RT) both to the primary site and to sites of metastatic disease that persist after induction chemotherapy. Although there is abundant data showing excellent local control with 21 Gy directed at the primary site, there is little data describing the feasibility and efficacy of RT directed at metastatic sites of disease as part of consolidation.MethodsAll patients with neuroblastoma who received RT to metastatic sites of disease as a part of consolidative therapy at a single institution between 2000 and 2015 were reviewed. Among 159 patients, 244 metastases were irradiated.ResultsMedian follow up among surviving patients was 7.4 years. Over 85% of the irradiated metastases were treated with 21 Gy (range 10.5 Gy - 36 Gy). Tumor recurrence occurred in 43 of 244 (18%) irradiated metastases. The 5-year local control (LC) of treated metastatic sites was 81%. Metastatic sites that cleared with induction chemotherapy had improved LC compared to sites with persistent uptake on MIBG (LC 92% vs 67%, p<0.0001). LC at irradiated metastatic sites did not differ based on total number of sites irradiated or site of disease irradiated (bone vs soft tissue). Patients with bulky, resistant disease who were treated with 30-36 Gy had worse LC (p=0.02). However, on multivariate analysis, only persistence after induction chemotherapy remained a significant prognostic factor for LC (hazard ratio = 3.7, p<0.0001). Patients with LC at irradiated metastatic sites had improved overall survival (OS) compared to those who did not (OS 71% vs 50%, p<0.0001).ConclusionsResponse to chemotherapy is an important prognostic factor for LC at irradiated metastatic sites in neuroblastoma. Overall, consolidative RT appears to be an effective modality of LC. Long-term disease control can be achieved with such an approach.
Teaser
Although radiation therapy to persistent sites of metastatic disease is recommended as part of consolidative therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma, there is little data evaluating the value of this approach in achieving long-term control. Our results show that irradiation of metastatic sites of disease is effective in achieving local control, and that response to induction chemotherapy is a significant prognostic factor for control at irradiated sites.from #ORL-AlexandrosSfakianakis via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2ALJf1X
Patient Experiences and Clinician Views on the Role of Radiotherapy for Ductal Carcinoma In-Situ
Publication date: Available online 9 January 2018
Source:International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics
Author(s): Dean A. Shumway, Chandler M. McLeod, Monica Morrow, Yun Li, Allison W. Kurian, Aaron Sabolch, Ann S. Hamilton, Kevin C. Ward, Steven J. Katz, Sarah T. Hawley, Reshma Jagsi
PurposeTo evaluate patient experiences with decisions regarding radiotherapy for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and to assess clinician views on the role of radiotherapy for DCIS with favorable features in the present era.MethodsA sample of women with newly diagnosed breast cancer from the population-based Georgia and Los Angeles County (LA) SEER registries were sent surveys approximately 2 months after undergoing breast conserving surgery (70% response rate). The analytic sample was limited to 538 respondents with unilateral DCIS. We also surveyed 761 surgeons and radiation oncologists treating breast cancer in those regions, of whom 539 responded (71%).ResultsAfter breast conserving surgery (BCS), 23% of patients omitted radiotherapy, with twice the rate of omission in LA relative to Georgia (31% vs 16%, p<0.001). The most common reasons for omitting radiotherapy were advice from a clinician that it wasn't needed (62%) and concern about side effects (24%). Cost and transportation were not reported as influential considerations. After covariate adjustment, low and intermediate grade disease (OR 5.5, 95% CI 2.5-12; OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.7-6.1) and LA SEER site (OR 4.3, 95% CI 2.3-8.2) were significantly associated with greater radiotherapy omission. Among responding clinicians, 62% would discuss radiotherapy omission for a patient with DCIS with favorable features. Clinicians in LA were more likely to discuss radiotherapy omission than those in Georgia (67% vs 56%, p = 0.01). Approximately one-third of clinicians would obtain the Oncotype DX DCIS Score.ConclusionsThere continues to be substantial heterogeneity in radiotherapy omission after breast conserving surgery for DCIS, with systematic differences in provider opinions across the two regions we studied. Enhanced precision of recurrence estimates, guidance from professional organizations, and better communication are needed to improve the consistency of treatment in this controversial area.
Teaser
In a population-based survey of patients with DCIS, we observed that a quarter of patients omit radiotherapy after breast conserving surgery, with a two-fold difference in the rate of radiotherapy omission between the 2 SEER regions studied. In a corresponding survey of clinicians, we observed systematic differences in opinions between the two SEER regions regarding the role of radiation.from #ORL-AlexandrosSfakianakis via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2AKu9tw
The radiation resistance of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells is independent of their tissue of origin
Publication date: Available online 9 January 2018
Source:International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics
Author(s): Alexander Rühle, Oliver Xia, Ramon Lopez Perez, Thuy Trinh, Wiltrud Richter, Anna Sarnowska, Patrick Wuchter, Jürgen Debus, Rainer Saffrich, Peter E. Huber, Nils H. Nicolay
PurposeHuman mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may aid the regeneration of ionizing radiation-induced tissue damage. They can be harvested from different tissues for clinical purposes; however, the role of the tissue source on the radiation response of human MSCs remains unknown.Methods and MaterialsHuman MSCs were isolated from adipose tissue, bone marrow and umbilical cord, and cellular survival, proliferation and apoptosis were measured after irradiation. The influence of ionizing radiation (IR) on the defining functions of MSCs was assessed, and cell morphology, surface marker expression and the differentiation potential were examined. Western blot analyses were performed to assess the activation of DNA damage signaling and repair pathways.ResultsMSCs from adipose tissue, bone marrow and umbilical cord exhibited a relative radioresistance independent of their tissue of origin. Defining properties including cellular adhesion and surface marker expression were preserved, and irradiated MSCs maintained their potential for multi-lineage differentiation irrespective of their tissue source. Analysis of activated DNA damage recognition and repair pathways demonstrated an efficient repair of IR-induced DNA double-strand breaks in MSCs from different tissues, thereby influencing the induction of apoptosis.ConclusionsThese data show for the first time that MSCs are resistant to IR and largely preserve their defining functions after irradiation irrespective of their tissue of origin. Efficient repair of IR-induced DNA double-strand breaks and consecutive reduction of apoptosis induction may contribute to the tissue-independent radiation resistance of MSCs.
Teaser
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from different tissues may aid the regeneration of radiation-induced organ lesions; however, the influence of ionizing radiation on tissue-specific human MSCs is unknown. Here we show that the radiation resistance of MSCs is independent of their tissue of origin, and irradiated MSCs from adipose tissue, bone marrow and umbilical cord preserved their defining characteristics. Efficient repair of radiation-induced DNA damage may contribute to this radiation resistance.from #ORL-AlexandrosSfakianakis via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2CW5l7Q
The efficacy and safety of conventional and hypofractionated high-dose radiotherapy for prostate cancer in an elderly population: a subgroup analysis of the CHHiP trial
Publication date: Available online 9 January 2018
Source:International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics
Author(s): James M. Wilson, David Dearnaley, Isabel Syndikus, Vincent Khoo, Alison Birtle, David Bloomfield, Ananya Choudhury, John Graham, Catherine Ferguson, Zafar Malik, Julian Money-Kyrle, Joe M. O'Sullivan, Miguel Panades, Chris Parker, Yvonne Rimmer, Christopher Scrase, John Staffurth, Andrew Stockdale, Clare Cruickshank, Clare Griffin, Emma Hall
IntroductionOutcome data on radiotherapy for prostate cancer in an elderly population are sparse. The CHHiP trial provides a large, prospectively collected, contemporary dataset in which to explore outcomes by age.Methods and MaterialsCHHiP participants received 3-6 months of androgen deprivation therapy and were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive 74Gy in 37 fractions (conventional fractionation), 60Gy in 20 fractions or 57Gy in 19 fractions. Toxicity was assessed using clinician-reported and patient-reported outcome (CRO/PRO) questionnaires. Participants were categorised as aged less than 75 (<75) or 75 years and older (75+).Outcomes were compared by age-group.Results491/3216 (15%) were 75+. There was no difference in biochemical or clinical failure (BCF) rates between the <75 and the 75+ group for any of the fractionation schedules. In the 75+ group BCF-free rates favoured hypofractionation and at 5 years were 74Gy: 84.7%, 60Gy: 91%, 57Gy: 87.7%. The incidence of CRO (G3) acute bowel toxicity was 2% in both age-groups. Grade 3 acute bladder toxicity was 8% and 7%. Five year cumulative incidence of CRO grade 2+ late bowel side effects was similar in both age groups. However, in the 75+ group, there was a suggestion of a higher cumulative incidence of bowel bother (≥small) with 60Gy compared to 74Gy and 57Gy. Patient-reported bladder bother was slightly higher in the 75+ group than the <75 group and there was a suggestion of a lower cumulative incidence of bladder bother with 57Gy compared to 74Gy and 60Gy in the 75+ group which was not evident in those <75.ConclusionHypofractionated radiotherapy appears to be well tolerated and effective in men over 75. The 57 Gy schedule has potential advantages in that it may moderate long term side effects without compromising treatment efficacy in this group.
Teaser
The efficacy and toxicity of radiotherapy for localised prostate cancer in CHHiP trial participants aged 75 and over was compared with patients younger than 75. There was no evidence of a difference in biochemical or clinical recurrence free survival or clinically significant toxicity between the older and younger patient groups. Hypofractionated radiotherapy is an effective and well tolerated treatment for localised prostate cancer in an elderly population with good performance status.from #ORL-AlexandrosSfakianakis via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2ALniA6
The Role of Radiation Therapy in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma: Guidelines from the International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group
Publication date: Available online 9 January 2018
Source:International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics
Author(s): Louis S. Constine, Joachim Yahalom, Andrea K. Ng, David C. Hodgson, Andrew Wirth, Sarah A. Milgrom, N. George Mikhaeel, Hans Theodor Eich, Tim Illidge, Umberto Ricardi, Karin Dieckmann, Craig H. Moskowitz, Ranjana Advani, Peter M. Mauch, Lena Specht, Richard T. Hoppe
Relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) challenges clinicians to devise treatment strategies that are effective and safe. This problem is particularly prominent in an era when de-escalation trials are designed to minimize therapeutic toxicities in both early and advanced stage disease. Radiation therapy is the single most effective treatment modality for HL, and its integration into salvage regimens, or its independent use in select patients, must be understood in order to maximize our success in treating these patients. The complexity of treating relapsed/refractory HL derives from the spectrum of primary treatment approaches currently in use that creates heterogeneity in both treatment exposure and the potential toxicities of salvage therapy. Patients can have relapsed or refractory disease after limited or aggressive primary therapy (with or without radiation therapy), at early or delayed time points, with limited or extensive disease volumes, and with varying degrees of residual morbidity from primary therapy. Their response to salvage systemic therapy can be partial or complete, and the use of consolidative stem cell transplant is variably applied. New biologics and immunotherapeutic approaches have broadened but also complicated salvage treatment approaches. Through all of this, radiation therapy remains an integral component of treatment for many patients but it must be used effectively and judiciously. The purpose of this review is to describe the different treatment scenarios and provide guidance for radiation dose, volume, and timing in patients with relapsed or refractory HL.
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Can exposure to acidic beverages following the application of fluoride varnish cause changes in the amount of fluoride release? an in vitro study
Journal of Orofacial Sciences 2017 9(2):91-94
Introduction: Fluoride varnishes are found to be effective in the prevention of early childhood caries. Postvarnish application, the instructions provided by the manufacturer seem to be inadequate because they do not mention the type of beverages which can be consumed after the specified time, considering the widespread consumption of soft acidic drinks in children. Aim: The study was conducted to evaluate the amount of fluoride released from fluoride varnishes − Fluorprotector and Bifluorid in artificial saliva and acidic conditions. Materials and Methods: Polymethyl methacrylate blocks were painted with fluoride varnish and placed into artificial saliva for 30 min. Blocks were then placed in either 1% citric acid or 0.3% citric acid solutions for 30 min with the solutions being replaced every 5 min. The solution was analyzed for fluoride content. Results and Conclusion: The statistical tests applied were repeated measures of analysis of variance and student's t-test. The level of significance was kept at P < 0.05. Significant difference in fluoride release was noted in different acidic mediums. Fluoride release from fluoride varnishes varied considerably and also depended on the dissolution medium.
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A biochemical study to assess and compare salivary magnesium levels in periodontal health and diseases
Journal of Orofacial Sciences 2017 9(2):111-113
Background: Chronic magnesium (Mg) deficiency has been associated with a number of chronic systemic diseases, including osteoporosis, hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease. Mg may also alter the course and outcome of the periodontal disease. Aim: To evaluate salivary Mg levels in healthy individuals and patients with chronic gingivitis and chronic periodontitis (CP). Materials and Methods: A total of 150 individuals were selected randomly, which included both males and females with age range between 20 and 45 years. Periodontal status was recorded using the following parameters − gingival index, plaque index, oral hygiene index − simplified and clinical attachment loss. Following periodontal examination, individuals were divided into three groups as follows: Group 1: (n = 50) − comprised of healthy individuals; Group 2: (n = 50) − comprised of patients with gingivitis; Group 3: (n = 50) − comprised of patients with CP. The unstimulated saliva samples from the study individuals were collected and subjected to the estimation of salivary Mg levels using Abcam's Mg assay kit and Erba EM 360 fully automated auto analyzer (Erba Diagnostic, Mannheim, Germany). Results: In this study, there was an increase in salivary Mg level with increasing severity of the periodontal disease. A significant increase in salivary Mg levels was recorded in patients with gingivitis (1.66 ± 0.28 mg/dl) and periodontitis (2.05 ± 0.66 mg/dl) as compared to healthy individuals (1.35 ± 0.28 mg/dl). Conclusion: Salivary Mg does not play an active role in the modulation of periodontal disease process and, hence, cannot be used as a reliable biomarker associated with periodontal health and disease.
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Ethics in research and publication
Journal of Orofacial Sciences 2017 9(2):69-70
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Tooth morphometry and the pattern of palatal rugae among monozygotic and dizygotic twins in India
Journal of Orofacial Sciences 2017 9(2):99-105
Introduction: A stronger correlation of physical traits among monozygotic (MZ) twins than dizygotic (DZ) twins indicates predominant contribution by genetic factors than environmental factors. Exploring the degree of resemblance in tooth morphometry and the pattern of rugae among twins shall aid in forensic identification. Aim and Objective: To find out the degree of correlation in tooth morphometry and the palatal rugae pattern among MZ and DZ twins. Materials and Methods: The maximum coronal mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions of the maxillary teeth excluding the second and third molars in 21 pairs of MZ and 12 pairs of DZ twins along with a MZ triplet were recorded using digital calipers calibrated to 0.01 mm. The dimensions of the teeth based on the number, shape, size, and the unification palatal rugae pattern among twin pairs were analyzed and recorded. Results: Our results suggest a stronger correlation of tooth dimension among MZ than DZ twins, which differs for individual maxillary tooth. There may be a separate set of genes responsible for controlling the mesiodistal and buccolingual tooth dimensions. The maxillary canine and maxillary premolars do show the least amount of genetic variability. The results in our study provide remarkable evidence regarding the existence of mirror imaging in tooth dimension as well as the number and shape of the palatal rugae. Conclusion: This first of its kind study in the Indian population suggests a remarkable similarity with regard to the tooth's size and uniqueness of the palatal rugae pattern among MZ and DZ twins, which suggests their strong inheritability potential. This may be useful as additional tools for zygosity determination along with other dental traits. The significant evidence of mirror imaging of tooth dimension and rugae shall definitely contribute to the concept of development of human body.
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New groups of drugs suspected in the medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ)
Journal of Orofacial Sciences 2017 9(2):67-68
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The wetting ability of root canal sealers after using various irrigants
Journal of Orofacial Sciences 2017 9(2):95-98
Aims: To evaluate and compare the wettability of root canal sealers after using various irrigants. To determine wettability, we evaluated the contact angle, because lower the contact angle, better the wettability. Green tea has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties; therefore, it was used as an irrigant. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two freshly extracted, human, single-rooted teeth were used in the study. The roots were split into 144 dentin sections. The specimens were divided into the following four groups having 36 samples each: Group I—sodium hypochlorite 3%, Group II—chlorhexidine (CHX) 2%, Group III—green tea extract, and Group IV (control)—normal saline. The groups were further subdivided based on the sealer used. Results: There was highly significant difference among the mean contact angle values of zinc oxide eugenol sealer, AH Plus sealer, and MTA Fillapex sealer using 2% CHX (P < 0.01). The least contact angle was observed with green tea as root canal irrigant and MTA as root canal sealer (25.20 ± 4.00). Conclusion: The type of irrigant used had an influence on the contact angle of sealer. Among all the irrigants and sealers used in this study, the least contact angle was observed with green tea root canal irrigant and MTA Fillapex sealer.
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Prevention of collapse of the contralateral half of the mandible after hemimandibulectomy: Our experience in a low-resource center
Journal of Orofacial Sciences 2017 9(2):106-110
Background: The management of pathologic lesions of the mandible includes plans for the reconstruction of the resultant defect to give the patients optimal surgical reconstructive and prosthetic results. Objective: To evaluate the degree of deviation of the contralateral half of the mandible toward the surgical defect after hemimandibulectomy and intermaxillary fixation (IMF). Patients and Methods: This is a 9-year prospective single-blinded clinical study conducted at the Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic of our institution. Information obtained from the patients included age, gender, type of mandibular lesion, method of wound closure, duration of IMF, temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) symptom(s), and the deviation toward the surgical defect of the remnant contralateral half of the mandible, measured in centimeter at maximum mouth opening. Results: Ninety-six patients, unevenly distributed according to their duration of tolerance of IMF, were studied. The age of the patients ranged from 29 to 57 years with an overall mean age of 42.6 ± 5.1 years. There were 72 males and 24 females with a male-to-female ratio of 3:1 (P = 0.001). The lesions that were extirpated were all benign, and ameloblastoma was the most common tumor (P = 0.001). The shorter the duration of IMF, the greater the deviation of the mandibular mid-line toward the surgical defect (P = 0.001). Conclusion: This study shows that there is a deviation of mid-line of the residual mandible toward the surgical defect after hemimandibulectomy, even after its immobilization with IMF for 4–12 weeks. IMF is still useful in the prevention of mandibular collapse after hemimandibulectomy.
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Estimation of CCL2/MCP-1 levels in serum and gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal health, disease and after treatment – A clinico biochemical study
Journal of Orofacial Sciences 2017 9(2):85-90
Background: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), in periodontal disease (PD) progression and also to investigate the effect of periodontal therapy on MCP-1 concentration in serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Materials and Methods: Clinical parameters including gingival index, pocket probing depth, and clinical attachment level were recorded for 60 subjects, who divided into four groups. Group I (healthy, n = 20), Group II (gingivitis, n = 20), Group III (chronic periodontitis, n = 20), and Group IV (after treatment group, n = 20). Scaling and root planning (SRP) was performed, and GCF and serum were collected initially and after 12 weeks of treatment. MCP-1 levels were estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The mean MCP-1 concentration in GCF and serum was found to be the highest in Group III, and significantly defers from Groups I, II, and IV. The results of present study also suggest that MCP-1 levels increased progressively in GCF and serum from healthy to periodontitis subjects and levels decreased considerably after SRP. Conclusion: As the PD progresses, there is a substantial increase of MCP-1 concentrations in serum and GCF. The data indicate that high GCF and serum levels of MCP-1 are at a significantly greater risk for the progression of periodontitis. However, controlled, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this possibility.
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Florid expansile cemento-osseous dysplasia of the jaws: Cone beam computed tomography study and review of the literature
Journal of Orofacial Sciences 2017 9(2):114-117
An interesting case of florid expansile cemento-osseous dysplasia (FECOD) of the maxilla and mandible in a 36-year-old female is being presented. The patient presented for consultation for orthognathic surgery and was unaware of these lesions. Upon clinical and radiographic examination, including cone beam computed tomography, massive cemento-osseous lesions in all quadrants were observed. The radiographic appearance of the lesions was consistent with cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD), the key difference being extreme expansion. Expansion, although not a new phenomenon, is present in all quadrants. These radiographic features suggest a variation of florid cemento-osseous dysplasia and is more aptly termed FECOD. This name is proposed for its diagnostic relevance based on the radiographic features. As with similar CODs, unless the lesions are disfiguring, conservative management is the preferred approach. Biopsy was not indicated unless there are additional associated complications. A detailed review of the pertinent literature was undertaken.
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Elevated serum IGF-1 level enhances retinal and choroidal thickness in untreated acromegaly patients
Abstract
Purpose
1) To compare the retinal, choroidal, Haller's layer, and Sattler's/choriocapillaris thicknesses of untreated acromegaly patients without chiasm compression or diabetes mellitus and healthy controls. 2) To evaluate the correlations of retinal and choroidal thicknesses with serum growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF) burden.
Methods
This prospective, case-control study included 27 untreated acromegaly patients and 27 sex-matched and age-matched controls. Subfoveal choroidal, Haller's layer and Sattler's/choriocapillaris thicknesses were determined by enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). Foveal and macular retinal thicknesses were determined with SD-OCT. GH and IGF-1 burdens were defined as the product of disease duration and treatment-naïve serum GH and IGF-1 levels.
Results
Compared with healthy controls, patients with acromegaly exhibited significantly increased foveal retinal (p = 0.003), subfoveal choroidal (p < 0.001), and Haller's layer (p < 0.001) thicknesses, with no differences in Sattler's/choriocapillaris layer thickness. Multiple point measurements in the posterior pole area showed equally increased nasal and temporal parts of the choroid. The retinal thickness maps of the two groups did not significantly differ. Correlation analysis indicated that choroidal thickness was significantly correlated with disease duration (p = 0.01), serum IGF-1 level (p = 0.03) and IGF-1 burden (p = 0.009). No significant correlations were detected between choroidal thickness and GH burden (p = 0.44). Retinal thickness was not significantly correlated with any factor.
Conclusion
The choroidal thickness of acromegaly patients was greater than that of healthy controls and was significantly correlated with disease duration, IGF-1 level and IGF-1 burden, indicating that excessive serum IGF-1 and its exposure time have a combined effect on choroidal thickness.
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A Surgical Approach to the Harvest of the Vascularized Submandibular and Submental Lymph Node Flap: The "Through-the-Gland" Dissection Technique.
 | Related Articles |
A Surgical Approach to the Harvest of the Vascularized Submandibular and Submental Lymph Node Flap: The "Through-the-Gland" Dissection Technique.
Ann Plast Surg. 2018 Jan 05;:
Authors: Nonomura H, Tan BK, Tan PWW, Goh T
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Extremity lymphedema is a pathological condition resulting from absence of lymph nodes and disease of lymphatic vessels, often due to oncologic clearance of lymph nodes. In recent years, vascularized lymph node transfer has become a rapidly emerging method of lymphatic reconstruction shown to lead to lymphatic regeneration. In particular, lymphatic flaps based on the submental artery have shown good results with its favorable donor site and available nodes. The lymph nodes here are in close relation to the submandibular gland and require careful dissection around and through the gland for safe harvest. We studied this region of the neck and describe the blood supply to the lymph nodes, their variable positions in relation to the gland, and our technique of dissecting through the submandibular gland while keeping the lymph nodes' hilar blood supply intact.
METHODS: We dissected 2 cadaver heads (4 sides of the neck) to study the submandibular and submental lymph nodes, where to locate them in relation to the submandibular gland and how best to dissect through the submandibular gland for access while keeping the hilar supply intact. We applied this knowledge in 6 clinical cases and provide a brief description of our "through-the-gland" dissection technique.
RESULTS: The submandibular lymph nodes may lie (1) superficial and posterior to the gland, (2) between the superficial and deep parts of the submandibular gland, or (3) anteriorly and submental. They are classified as superficial, deep, and submental, respectively. The through-the-gland dissection technique gave the surgeon improved access and exposure to the lymph nodes. It also facilitated safer dissection because their hilar blood supply is well visualized.
CONCLUSIONS: The through-the-gland technique of harvesting vascularized submandibular lymph node flaps is a safe technique that allows the surgeon to clearly identify and preserve blood supply of lymph nodes.
PMID: 29309323 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Elevated serum IGF-1 level enhances retinal and choroidal thickness in untreated acromegaly patients
Abstract
Purpose
1) To compare the retinal, choroidal, Haller's layer, and Sattler's/choriocapillaris thicknesses of untreated acromegaly patients without chiasm compression or diabetes mellitus and healthy controls. 2) To evaluate the correlations of retinal and choroidal thicknesses with serum growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF) burden.
Methods
This prospective, case-control study included 27 untreated acromegaly patients and 27 sex-matched and age-matched controls. Subfoveal choroidal, Haller's layer and Sattler's/choriocapillaris thicknesses were determined by enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). Foveal and macular retinal thicknesses were determined with SD-OCT. GH and IGF-1 burdens were defined as the product of disease duration and treatment-naïve serum GH and IGF-1 levels.
Results
Compared with healthy controls, patients with acromegaly exhibited significantly increased foveal retinal (p = 0.003), subfoveal choroidal (p < 0.001), and Haller's layer (p < 0.001) thicknesses, with no differences in Sattler's/choriocapillaris layer thickness. Multiple point measurements in the posterior pole area showed equally increased nasal and temporal parts of the choroid. The retinal thickness maps of the two groups did not significantly differ. Correlation analysis indicated that choroidal thickness was significantly correlated with disease duration (p = 0.01), serum IGF-1 level (p = 0.03) and IGF-1 burden (p = 0.009). No significant correlations were detected between choroidal thickness and GH burden (p = 0.44). Retinal thickness was not significantly correlated with any factor.
Conclusion
The choroidal thickness of acromegaly patients was greater than that of healthy controls and was significantly correlated with disease duration, IGF-1 level and IGF-1 burden, indicating that excessive serum IGF-1 and its exposure time have a combined effect on choroidal thickness.
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Detecting tumour-positive resection margins after oral cancer surgery by spraying a fluorescent tracer activated by gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase
Publication date: March 2018
Source:Oral Oncology, Volume 78
Author(s): Maxime D. Slooter, Henricus J.M. Handgraaf, Martin C. Boonstra, Lily-Ann van der Velden, Shadhvi S. Bhairosingh, Ivo Que, Lorraine M. de Haan, Stijn Keereweer, Pieter B.A.A. van Driel, Alan Chan, Hisataka Kobayashi, Alexander L. Vahrmeijer, Clemens W.G.M. Löwik
ObjectivesTumour-positive resection margins are a major problem during oral cancer surgery. gGlu-HMRG is a tracer that becomes fluorescent upon activation by gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT). This study aims to investigate the combination of gGlu-HMRG and a clinical fluorescence imaging system for the detection of tumour-positive resection margins.Materials and methodsThe preclinical Maestro and clinical Artemis imaging systems were compared in vitro and ex vivo with cultured human head and neck cancer cells (OSC19, GGT-positive; and FaDu, GGT negative) and tumour-bearing nude mice. Subsequently, frozen sections of normal and oral cancer tissues were ex vivo sprayed with gGlu-HMRG to determine the sensitivity and specificity. Finally, resection margins of patients with suspected oral cancer were ex vivo sprayed with gGlu-HMRG to detect tumour-positive resection margins.ResultsBoth systems could be used to detect gGlu-HMRG activation in vitro and ex vivo in GGT positive cancer cells. Sensitivity and specificity of gGlu-HMRG and the Artemis on frozen tissue samples was 80% and 87%, respectively. Seven patients undergoing surgery for suspected oral cancer were included. In three patients fluorescence was observed at the resection margin. Those margins were either tumour-positive or within 1 mm of tumour. The margins of the other patients were clear (≥8 mm).ConclusionThis study demonstrates the feasibility to detect tumour-positive resection margins with gGlu-HMRG and a clinical fluorescence imaging system. Applying this technique would enable intraoperative screening of the entire resection margin and allow direct re-resection in case of tumour-positivity.
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Inhibition of p38 MAPK activity leads to cell type-specific effects on the molecular circadian clock and time-dependent reduction of glioma cell invasiveness
Abstract
Background
The circadian clock is the basis for biological time keeping in eukaryotic organisms. The clock mechanism relies on biochemical signaling pathways to detect environmental stimuli and to regulate the expression of clock-controlled genes throughout the body. MAPK signaling pathways function in both circadian input and output pathways in mammals depending on the tissue; however, little is known about the role of p38 MAPK, an established tumor suppressor, in the mammalian circadian system. Increased expression and activity of p38 MAPK is correlated with poor prognosis in cancer, including glioblastoma multiforme; however, the toxicity of p38 MAPK inhibitors limits their clinical use. Here, we test if timed application of the specific p38 MAPK inhibitor VX-745 reduces glioma cell invasive properties in vitro.
Methods
The levels and rhythmic accumulation of active phosphorylated p38 MAPK in different cell lines were determined by western blots. Rhythmic luciferase activity from clock gene luciferase reporter cells lines was used to test the effect of p38 MAPK inhibition on clock properties as determined using the damped sine fit and Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. Nonlinear regression and Akaike's information criteria were used to establish rhythmicity. Boyden chamber assays were used to measure glioma cell invasiveness following time-of-day-specific treatment with VX-745. Significant differences were established using t-tests.
Results
We demonstrate the activity of p38 MAPK cycles under control of the clock in mouse fibroblast and SCN cell lines. The levels of phosphorylated p38 MAPK were significantly reduced in clock-deficient cells, indicating that the circadian clock plays an important role in activation of this pathway. Inhibition of p38 MAPK activity with VX-745 led to cell-type-specific period changes in the molecular clock. In addition, phosphorylated p38 MAPK levels were rhythmic in HA glial cells, and high and arrhythmic in invasive IM3 glioma cells. We show that inhibition of p38 MAPK activity in IM3 cells at the time of day when the levels are normally low in HA cells under control of the circadian clock, significantly reduced IM3 invasiveness.
Conclusions
Glioma treatment with p38 MAPK inhibitors may be more effective and less toxic if administered at the appropriate time of the day.
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The preventive effect of sensorimotor- and vibration exercises on the onset of Oxaliplatin- or vinca-alkaloid induced peripheral neuropathies - STOP
Abstract
Background
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common and clinically relevant side effect of chemotherapy. Approximately 50% of all leukemia, lymphoma, colorectal- and breast cancer patients are affected.
CIPN is induced by neurotoxic chemotherapeutic agents and can manifest with sensory and/or motor deficits. It is associated with significant disability and poor recovery. Common symptoms include pain, altered sensation, reduced or absent reflexes, muscle weakness, reduced balance control and insecure gait.
These symptoms not only affect activities of daily living, subsequently reducing patients' quality of life, they have far more become a decisive limiting factor for medical therapy, causing treatment delays, dose reductions, or even discontinuation of therapy, which can affect the outcome and compromise survival. To date, CIPN cannot be prevented and its occurrence presents a diagnostic dilemma since approved and effective treatment options are lacking.
Promising results have recently been achieved with exercise. We have revealed that sensorimotor training (SMT) or whole body vibration (WBV) can reduce the symptoms of CIPN and attenuate motor and sensory deficits. We furthermore detected a tendency that it may also have a preventive effect on the onset of CIPN.
Methods
We are therefore conducting a prospective, multicentre, controlled clinical trial involving 236 oncological patients receiving either oxaliplatin (N = 118) or vinca-alkaloid (N = 118) who are randomized to one of two interventions (SMT or WBV) or a treatment as usual (TAU) group. Primary endpoint is the time to incidence of neurologically confirmed CIPN. Secondary endpoints are pain, maintenance of the functionality of sensory as well as motor nerve fibres as well as the level of physical activity. The baseline assessment is performed prior to the first cycle of chemotherapy. Subsequent follow-up assessments are conducted at 12 weeks, after completion of chemotherapy, and at a 3-month follow-up. Patients who develop CIPN receive an additional assessment at this time point, as it represents the primary endpoint.
Discussion
We hypothesize that SMT and WBV prevent the onset or delay the progression of CIPN, decrease the likelihood of dose reductions or discontinuation of cancer treatment and improve patients' quality of life.
Trial registration
Deutsche Register Klinischer Studien (DRKS00006088, registered 07.05.2014).
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Are prognostic indices for brain metastases of melanoma still valid in the stereotactic era?
Abstract
Background
Malignant melanoma brain metastases (MBM) are the third most common cause for brain metastases (BM). Historically Whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) was considered the goldstandard of treatment even though melanoma cells are regarded as very radioresistant. Therapeutic possibilities have fundamentally changed since the availability of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT), where it is possible to apply high ablative doses in a very precise manner. In this work we analyze prognostic factors of overall survival (OS) after SRT in patients with MBM and evaluate the applicability of popular prognostic indices that mainly stem from the WBRT-era.
Materials and methods
This work is a retrospective analysis of OS of 80 malignant melanoma (MM) patients who received SRT for intracranial melanoma metastases between 2004 and 2014 who had not received prior treatment for MBM in terms of surgery or WBRT. Potential prognostic factors were analyzed using univariable and multivariable analysis. Existing prognostic scores [Graded Prognostic Assessment (GPA), Diagnosis-Specific-GPA (DS-GPA), Golden Grading System (GGS) and RADES] were calculated and tested using log-rank analysis.
Results
Eighty patients, respectively 177 brain metastases, were irradiated. The median survival time from radiation was 7.06 months. Overall, GGS, GPA and DS-GPA were significant predictors of survival. The MM-specific index DS-GPA showed the best p-value but did not show adequate division when looking at the two intermediate risk subgroups. RADES did not show any statistically significant prognostic value. In univariable as well as in multivariable analyses a higher Karnofsky-Index, a single BM, and non nodular melanoma (NM) histology were positive predictors of survival.
Conclusion
The existing prognostic scores do not seem to ideally fit for this special group of patients. Our results indicate that the histologic subtype of MM could add to the prognostic value of specialized future indices.
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Cranial Nerve Preservation Following Surgical Treatment for Epidermoid Cysts of the Posterior and Middle Fossae
J Neurol Surg B
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1617431
Epidermoid cysts are rare lesions, accounting for 0.2 to 1.8% of all intracranial tumors. They most commonly occur in the cerebellopontine angle where they may cause a breadth of neurologic complications due to mass effect on the nearby cranial nerves (CN), vascular structures, and the brain stem. Treatment of epidermoid cysts is surgical, with the goal of complete resection using microsurgical technique and even more importantly preservation of the involved CNs, vasculature, and brain parenchyma. Successful surgery can result in total resolution of symptoms, but, in certain situations, may not be advisable due to adherence, scarring, or inflammation making dissection of CN fascicles difficult and possibly hazardous. We conducted a retrospective review from 1998 to 2016 and compiled a series of 28 skull base epidermoid cysts operated on at our institution. Cases were evaluated for presenting symptoms, history of prior resection, and postoperative results including CN function, extent of resection, residual tumor, and need for reoperations. The average tumor size (largest diameter) was 3.9 cm with a range of 1 to 7cm. Eighteen of twenty-eight (64%) patients underwent a gross total resection and ten underwent subtotal resection. No patients, whether presenting with CN deficits or not, experienced permanent worsening of CN function following surgery. Complete resection of epidermoid cysts should remain a high priority of therapy, but, in our opinion, preservation of CN function should be a primary goal, determining the extent of resection to provide patients with the highest quality of life possible following surgery.
[...]
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Abstract | Full text
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Impact of Surgical Margin in Skull Base Surgery for Head and Neck Sarcomas
J Neurol Surg B
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1615816
Objective This study aimed to determine the adequate resection margin in skull base surgery for head and neck sarcoma. Design We retrospectively reviewed 22 sarcomas with skull base invasion. Induction chemotherapy, followed by surgery and postoperative radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy, was performed in 18 patients with chemosensitive sarcomas, and surgery with or without postoperative radiotherapy was performed in four patients with chemoresistant sarcomas. Radical resection was performed in patients with chemosensitive sarcomas with a poor response to induction chemotherapy and in patients with chemoresistant sarcomas. Conservative resection with close surgical margin was performed in patients with chemosensitive sarcomas with a good response to induction chemotherapy. Setting and Participants This single-centered retrospective study included patients from the National Cancer Center Hospital, Japan. Results The response to induction chemotherapy was significantly associated with the 3-year local control rate (LCR; good response versus poor response: 100% versus 63%, p = 0.048). Patients with a good response to chemotherapy had a favorable local prognosis even when the local therapy was conservative resection. In radical skull base surgery, patients whose surgical margins were classified as "wide margin positive" had significantly poorer 3-year LCR than did patients with "margin negative" or "micro margin positive" margins (25% versus 83%, p = 0.014). Conclusion Conservative resection with close surgical margins might be acceptable for chemosensitive sarcomas with a good response to chemotherapy. Resection margin status was an important predictive factor for local recurrence after radical skull base surgery. Microscopic microresidual tumor might be controlled by postoperative treatment.
[...]
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Abstract | Full text
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Endoscopic Endonasal Resection of Retrochiasmatic Craniopharyngioma with Fascia Lata Button and Nasoseptal Flap Reconstruction
J Neurol Surg B
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1620260
Surgery for craniopharyngiomas can be challenging due to the involvement of multiple critical neurovascular structures. The expanded endoscopic endonasal approach can provide superior access to suprasellar craniopharyngiomas, particularly with retrochiasmatic extension and significant hypothalamic involvement. We describe the surgical technique used to treat a 30-year-old patient who presented with 4 weeks of worsening vision, fatigue, and memory loss. His vision was counting fingers at 1 feet on the right and 20/800 on the left with a temporal hemianopsia. Laboratory evaluation demonstrated central hypoadrenalism, hypothyroidism, and hypogonadism. Imaging showed a large solid and cystic suprasellar mass. The transtubercular approach with removal of the lateral tubercular strut can provide wide bilateral access to the opticocarotid region. The superior intercavernous sinus must be coagulated and ligated. Initial arachnoid dissection is centered at the midline, mobilizing the superior hypophyseal branches to the optic apparatus laterally. The cyst capsule is opened and care is taken to minimize spillage of cyst fluid into the subarachnoid space. Central debulking and then extracapsular dissection is performed under direct visualization using sharp dissection. Reconstruction of the dura is performed with an inlay/onlay fascia lata button that is held together with four sutures that hold the graft edges against the native dural edges. This is followed by vascularized nasoseptal flap reconstruction. No lumbar drain or nonabsorbable packing is required. The patient's vision had dramatic improvement and by 1 week postoperatively was 20/20 with full visual fields. Postoperative diabetes insipidus was managed with nasal desmopressin. Postoperative MRI demonstrated complete removal.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/QQxCNUcq1qg.
[...]
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Abstract | open access Full text
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Phase I study of sorafenib combined with radiation therapy and temozolomide as first-line treatment of high-grade glioma
Phase I study of sorafenib combined with radiation therapy and temozolomide as first-line treatment of high-grade glioma
Phase I study of sorafenib combined with radiation therapy and temozolomide as first-line treatment of high-grade glioma, Published online: 09 January 2018; doi:10.1038/bjc.2017.469
Phase I study of sorafenib combined with radiation therapy and temozolomide as first-line treatment of high-grade glioma
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Sleep and survival among women with breast cancer: 30 years of follow-up within the Nurses’ Health Study
Sleep and survival among women with breast cancer: 30 years of follow-up within the Nurses' Health Study
Sleep and survival among women with breast cancer: 30 years of follow-up within the Nurses' Health Study, Published online: 09 January 2018; doi:10.1038/bjc.2017.437
Sleep and survival among women with breast cancer: 30 years of follow-up within the Nurses' Health Study
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Aspirin use and ovarian cancer mortality in a Danish nationwide cohort study
Aspirin use and ovarian cancer mortality in a Danish nationwide cohort study
Aspirin use and ovarian cancer mortality in a Danish nationwide cohort study, Published online: 09 January 2018; doi:10.1038/bjc.2017.449
Aspirin use and ovarian cancer mortality in a Danish nationwide cohort study
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The oral VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor pazopanib in combination with the MEK inhibitor trametinib in advanced cholangiocarcinoma
The oral VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor pazopanib in combination with the MEK inhibitor trametinib in advanced cholangiocarcinoma
The oral VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor pazopanib in combination with the MEK inhibitor trametinib in advanced cholangiocarcinoma, Published online: 09 January 2018; doi:10.1038/bjc.2017.418
The oral VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor pazopanib in combination with the MEK inhibitor trametinib in advanced cholangiocarcinoma
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HYPE or HOPE: the prognostic value of infiltrating immune cells in cancer
HYPE or HOPE: the prognostic value of infiltrating immune cells in cancer
HYPE or HOPE: the prognostic value of infiltrating immune cells in cancer, Published online: 09 January 2018; doi:10.1038/bjc.2017.417
HYPE or HOPE: the prognostic value of infiltrating immune cells in cancer
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BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation spectrum – an update on mutation distribution in a large cancer genetics clinic in Norway
Abstract
Background
Founder mutations in the two breast cancer genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, have been described in many populations, among these are Ashkenazi-Jewish, Polish, Norwegian and Icelandic. Founder mutation testing in patients with relevant ancestry has been a cost-efficient approach in such populations. Four Norwegian BRCA1 founder mutations were defined by haplotyping in 2001, and accounted for 68% of BRCA1 mutation carriers at the time. After 15 more years of genetic testing, updated knowledge on the mutation spectrum of both BRCA1 and BRCA2 in Norway is needed. In this study, we aim at describing the mutation spectrum and frequencies in the BRCA1/2 carrier population of the largest clinic of hereditary cancer in Norway.
Methods
A total of 2430 BRCA1 carriers from 669 different families, and 1092 BRCA2 carriers from 312 different families were included in a quality of care study. All variants were evaluated regarding pathogenicity following ACMG/ENIGMA criteria. The variants were assessed in AlaMut and supplementary databases to determine whether they were known to be founder mutations in other populations.
Results
There were 120 different BRCA1 and 87 different BRCA2 variants among the mutation carriers. Forty-six per cent of the registered BRCA1/2 families (454/981) had a previously reported Norwegian founder mutation. The majority of BRCA1/2 mutations (71%) were rare, each found in only one or two families. Fifteen per cent of BRCA1 families and 25% of BRCA2 families had one of these rare variants. The four well-known Norwegian BRCA1 founder mutations previously confirmed through haplotyping were still the four most frequent mutations in BRCA1 carriers, but the proportion of BRCA1 mutation carriers accounted for by these mutations had fallen from 68 to 52%, and hence the founder effect was weaker than previously described.
Conclusions
The spectrum of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in the carrier population at Norway's largest cancer genetics clinic is diverse, and with a weaker founder effect than previously described. As a consequence, retesting the families that previously have been tested with specific tests/founder mutation tests should be a prioritised strategy to find more mutation positive families and possibly prevent cancer in healthy relatives.
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Effectiveness and safety of foam sclerotherapy with 5% ethanolamine oleate in the treatment of low-flow venous malformations in the head and neck region: a case series
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of 5% ethanolamine oleate (EO) foam in the treatment of low-flow venous malformations in the head and neck region. Seventeen consecutive patients (six male, 11 female) and 34 low-flow venous malformations were enrolled. The vascular anomalies ranged between 20mm and 80mm in size. The typical clinical indication was a swelling (88.2%) with a purple colour (85.3%); the most frequent location was the tongue (23.5%). Ethanolamine oleate foam was produced via the Tessari method and applied at 10mg per 1cm to the vascular anomalies.
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Local administration of Tiludronic Acid downregulates important mediators involved in periodontal tissue destruction in experimental periodontitis in rats
Source:Archives of Oral Biology
Author(s): Flávia A.C. Furlaneto, Nara L.T. Nunes, Ricardo B. Souza, Kely O. Yamamoto, Ivan L. Oliveira Filho, Nicolly P.R. Frota, Hellíada Chaves, Mario Lisboa, Mario Taba, Edilson Ervolino, Michel R. Messora
ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate whether local administration of TIL could influence the expression of the inflammatory mediators IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-8 and COX-2 in rats with experimental periodontitis (EP).MethodsTwenty-four adult male rats (Rattus norvegicus, albinus, Wistar) were assigned to groups C, EP, EP-TIL (C–Control group, EP–Periodontitis groups). On EP groups, a ligature was placed around maxillary 2nd molars on day 1. On group EP-TIL, 20 μl of TIL solution (1 mg/kg body weight) was injected into the subperiosteal palatal area adjacent to the maxillary 2nd molar every other day until euthanasia (day 11). Alveolar bone loss was morphometrically analyzed. mRNA expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-8 and COX-2 were assessed by qPCR. IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-8 and COX-2 were immunohistochemically analyzed. Data were analyzed statistically.ResultsGroup EP-TIL presented reduced alveolar bone loss when compared with group EP (p < 0.05). Group EP-TIL presented decreased mRNA expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-8 and COX-2 and reduced immunolabeling of IL-1β, TNF-α and MMP-8 when compared with group EP (p<0.05). No differences regarding the immunolabeling of COX-2 were found when group EP-TIL was compared with the other groups (p>0.05).ConclusionWithin the limits of this study, it can be concluded that local administration of TIL downregulates important mediators involved in periodontal tissue destruction in ligature-induced periodontitis in rats.
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