Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου

Κυριακή 27 Αυγούστου 2017

Long-term outcomes of narrow diameter implants in posterior jaws: A retrospective study with at least 8-year follow-up

Abstract

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term survival, complications, peri-implant conditions, marginal bone loss, and patient satisfaction of fixed dental prostheses supported by narrow diameter implants (NDIs) in the posterior jaws.

Materials and methods

This study was designed as a retrospective cohort study with a mean follow-up time of 10.1 years (SD: 2.5 years). Patients receiving NDIs in posterior jaw were reviewed. Implant survival, hardware complication, modified plaque index (mPI), peri-implant probing depth (PPD), percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP%), marginal bone loss (MBL), and patient satisfaction were evaluated. Log-rank test and t test were used to detect the influence of implant location and restoration type.

Results

Sixty-seven patients with 98 NDIs (Premolar site: 81, Molar site: 17, Single crowns: 33, Splinted restorations: 65) were included. The overall implant survival rates were 96.9% at implant level and 97.0% at patient level. Veneer chipping was the most common hardware complication. The veneer chipping rates were 19.4% at patient level and 18.4% at implant level. All patients showed acceptable oral hygiene. Thus, the average MBL was 1.19 mm at implant level and 1.15 mm at patient level. Eight implants (8.5%) and six patients (9.2%) were diagnosed with peri-implantitis. Fifty-eight patients (89.2%) were satisfied with the esthetics of the restorations, while 55 patients (84.6%) were satisfied with the function of the restorations.

Conclusion

Narrow diameter implants could be a predictable treatment option in the long term. High survival rates, high patient satisfaction, acceptable complication rates and marginal bone loss could be achieved. Further long-term studies are needed to evaluate the predictability of NDIs in molar sites.



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Adipochemokines induced by ultraviolet irradiation contribute to impaired fat metabolism in subcutaneous fat cells

Abstract

Background

Adipose tissue is now appreciated as the pivotal regulator of metabolic and endocrine functions. Subcutaneous (SC) fat, in contrast to visceral fat, may protect against metabolic syndrome and systemic inflammation. We demonstrated that chronic as well as acute UV exposure to the skin induces loss of underlying SC fat. UV-irradiated SC fat may produce chemokines or cytokines which modulate lipid homeostasis and secretion of adipokines.

Objectives

We aim to elucidate UV-induced specific adipochemokines implicated in UV-induced modulation of SC fat.

Methods

Primary cultured adipocytes were treated with conditioned media from UV- or sham-irradiated skin cells. Young and old healthy subjects provided SC fat from sun-exposed and sun-protected skin. Another sun-protected skin was irradiated with UV. Differentially expressed adipochemokines were screened by cytokine array, and confirmed in vitro and in vivo. The functions of select adipochemokines involved in lipid metabolism were examined via siRNA-mediated knockdown of cognate receptors.

Results

Specific adipochemokines, including C-X-C chemokines such as ENA-78/CXCL5, and C-C chemokines such as MIP-3α/CCL20 and RANTES/CCL5, were greatly induced in SC fat by UV exposure. They could impair triglyceride synthesis via down-regulation of lipogenic enzymes and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) through their respective cognate receptors, CXC-chemokine receptor (CXCR)2, CC-chemokine receptor (CCR)6, and CCR5. In addition, UV irradiation induced infiltration of adipose tissue macrophages responsible for the secretion of several chemokines into SC fat.

Conclusions

These UV-induced adipochemokines may be implicated in the reduction of lipogenesis in SC fat, leading to impairment of fat homeostasis and associated comorbidities such as obesity.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.



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Is UV-exposure acquired at work the most important risk factor for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma? Results of the population-based case-control study FB-181

Abstract

Background

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is among the most frequent types of cancer constituting a significant public health burden. Prevention strategies focus on limiting UV-exposure during leisure time. However, the relative impact of occupational and non-occupational UV-exposure for SCC occurrence is unclear.

Objectives

To investigate the association between occupational and non-occupational UV-exposure with SCC in a multicenter population-based case-control study hypothesizing that high occupational UV-exposure increases the risk for SCC.

Methods

Consecutive patients with incident SCC (n=632) were recruited from a German national dermatology network. Population-based controls (n=996) without history of skin cancer were recruited from corresponding residents' registration offices and propensity score matched to cases. Lifetime UV-exposure, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were assessed by trained physicians. Occupational and non-occupational UV-exposure dosages were estimated by blinded investigators using established reference values. Odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95%-confidence intervals (95%-CI) were assessed using conditional logistic regression adjusting for relevant confounders.

Results

Total solar UV-exposure was significantly associated with an increased SCC. The OR (95%-CI) for high (>90th percentile) vs. low (<40th percentile) and moderate (40th to 60th percentile) occupational UV-exposure was 1.95 (1.19-3.18) and 2.44 (1.47-4.06) for SCC. Adjusting for occupational UV-exposure non-occupational UV-exposure was not significantly related to SCC incidence. Dose-response relationships were observed for occupational but not for non-occupational solar UV-exposure.

Conclusions

Solar occupational UV-exposure is a major determinant of incident SCC. Our findings indicate that prevention strategies should be further expanded to the occupational setting.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.



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Dupilumab treatment improves quality of life in adult patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: Results from a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Abstract

Background

Dupilumab, a human anti-interleukin-4 receptor α monoclonal antibody, significantly improved clinical signs and symptoms in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2a trial.

Objectives

We evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and correlation of HRQoL with secondary clinical and patient-reported outcomes in a subset of patients from this trial of dupilumab.

Methods

Patients were randomized to 300 mg weekly subcutaneous dupilumab or placebo for 12 weeks (NCT01548404). The QoL Index for AD (QoLIAD) score (exploratory outcome) and its correlation with efficacy outcomes (Eczema Area and Severity Index [EASI; primary endpoint], SCORing Atopic Dermatitis [SCORAD], SCORAD visual analogue scale [VAS] scores for sleep and pruritus, pruritus numerical rating scale [NRS] and 5-dimensional pruritus) were assessed in 64 adults with moderate-to-severe AD.

Results

Mean QoLIAD scores at baseline (± standard error [SE]) were 13.3 (±1.34) and 11.3 (±1.09) for the placebo and dupilumab group, respectively. Dupilumab significantly improved QoLIAD score after 12 weeks of treatment vs. placebo (mean percent change from baseline in QoLIAD score [±SE]: −64.0 [±6.91] vs. –11.1 [±9.31]). Least squares mean % difference from baseline vs. placebo in QoLIAD score (±SE) was −52.0 (±11.43; P<0.0001). QoLIAD scores significantly correlated with changes in efficacy outcomes, including EASI (r=0.4355), 5-dimensional pruritus (r=0.4937), pruritus NRS (r=0.4064), total SCORAD (r=0.5559), and SCORAD VAS scores for sleep (r=0.4681) and pruritus (r=0.5400); all P<0.05.

Conclusions

Dupilumab improved QoLIAD scores in adults with AD and was significantly associated with improvements in study outcomes

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.



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Remove Physician Statue From NYC Park: Right or Wrong?

J. Marion Sims is called the 'father of modern gynecology' for such innovations as being the first to treat vesicovaginal fistula. But this advance was the result of experiments conducted on slaves.
Medscape

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Removable thermoplastic appliances modified by incisal cuts show altered biomechanical properties during tipping of a maxillary central incisor

The present study aimed to evaluate the force delivery of removable thermoplastic appliances (RTAs), modified by different sized incisal cuts, during tipping of a maxillary central incisor in palatal and vesti...

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The National Norwegian Carotid Study: Time from Symptom Onset to Surgery is too Long, Resulting in Additional Neurological Events

Publication date: Available online 26 August 2017
Source:European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery
Author(s): K.E. Kjørstad, S.T. Baksaas, D. Bundgaard, E. Halbakken, T. Hasselgård, T. Jonung, G.T. Jørgensen, J.J. Jørgensen, A.H. Krog, K. Krohg-Sørensen, E. Laxdal, S.R. Mathisen, G.V. Oskarsson, S. Seljeskog, I. Settemsdal, M. Vetrhus, B.A. Viddal, J. Wesche, F. Aasgaard, E. Mattsson
Objective/BackgroundThe objective was to observe for 1 year all patients in Norway operated on for symptomatic carotid stenosis with respect to (i) the time from the index event to surgery and neurological events during this time; (ii) the level in the healthcare system causing delay of surgical treatment; and (iii) the possible relationship between peri-operative use of platelet inhibitors and neurological events while awaiting surgery.MethodsThis was a prospective national multicentre study of a consecutive series of symptomatic patients. Patients were eligible for inclusion when referred for surgery. An index event was defined as the neurological event prompting contact with the healthcare system. All 15 departments in Norway performing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) participated.ResultsThree hundred and seventy one patients were eligible for inclusion between 1 April 2014 and 31 March 2015, and 368 patients (99.2%) were included. Fifty-four percent of the patients contacted their general practitioner on the day of the index event. Primary healthcare referred 84.2% of the patients to hospital on the same day as examined. In hospital median time from admission to referral for vascular surgery was 3 days. Median time between referral to the operating unit and actual CEA was 5 days. Overall, 61.7% of the patients were operated on within 2 weeks of the index event. Twelve patients (3.3%) suffered a new neurological event while awaiting surgery. The percentage of patients on dual antiplatelet therapy was lower (25.0%) in this group than among the other patients (62.6%) (p = .008). The combined 30 day mortality and stroke rate was 3.8%.ConclusionThis national study with almost complete inclusion and follow-up shows that the delays occurs mainly at patient level and in hospital. The delay is associated with new neurological events. Dual antiplatelet therapy is associated with reduced risk of having a new neurological event before surgery.



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Autologous Latissimus Dorsi Breast Reconstruction Flap Salvage: Microvascular Anastomosis with Serratus Branch

imageSummary: Autologous breast reconstruction has become a standard option during the recovery of breast cancer survivors. Although pedicle damage is a rare complication of this procedure, extensive torsion or tension can lead to partial or total flap failure. We report a case of partial flap salvage after accidental transection of the pedicled blood supply within the intramuscular course of a latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap. This salvage technique involved microvascular anastomosis between the remaining vasculature of the latissimus dorsi pedicle and the serratus branch of the thoracodorsal artery and vein.

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Precisión de la PAAF (punción aspiración con aguja fina) y la TAC (tomografía axial computerizada) en la diferenciación de tumores benignos y malignos de parótida en una serie de casos

Publication date: Available online 26 August 2017
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española
Author(s): Marina A. Gavín-Clavero, Tomás Usón-Bouthelier, Úrsula M. Jariod-Ferrer, Arancha Fernández-Larrañaga, Bianca Pantilie, Fernando Lobera-Molina, M. Victoria Simón-Sanz, Bartolomé Nadal Cristóbal
IntroducciónLos tumores de parótida, además de la gran diversidad de tipos que existen, son histológicamente complejos. Su diagnóstico preoperatorio, principalmente en cuanto a diferenciar tumores benignos de malignos es importante a la hora realizar un tipo de cirugía u otra. La punción-aspiración con aguja fina (PAAF) es una herramienta simple, rápida, y de bajo coste, poco invasiva y bien tolerada, que se usa en el diagnóstico preoperatorio de estos tumores.Material y métodosSensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y valor predictivo negativo de la PAAF y la tomografía computadorizada (TAC) en la diferenciación de tumores benignos y malignos de parótida operados durante los años 2010 a 2014 por el Servicio de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial.ResultadosLa sensibilidad de la PAAF es de un 50%, baja, similar a los artículos publicados, mientras que la especificidad es alta, de un 98,7%. La PAAF ofrece una fiabilidad alta en el diagnóstico de tumores malignos, a pesar de su baja sensibilidad. Sin embargo, cuando el diagnóstico es no concluyente, o benigno que no sea adenoma pleomorfo o tumor de Whartin, la fiabilidad para excluir malignidad disminuye.ConclusiónLa baja sensibilidad de la PAAF para diferenciar tumores malignos de benignos en la parótida hace que no podamos dejar de lado otras pruebas diagnósticas, la clínica y sobre todo la visión intraoperatoria de cada cirujano. Sobre todo cuando el diagnóstico es no concluyente. A pesar de esto, es una técnica utilizada de forma sistematizada y que ayuda a tomar decisiones prequirúrgicas.IntroductionParotid tumours, in addition to the wide variety of types, are histologically complex. Differentiating between benign and malignant tumours in preoperative diagnosis is important in deciding the type of surgery required. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a simple, quick, low-cost, low-invasive and well-tolerated tool used in the preoperative diagnosis of these tumours.Material and methodswe calculated the sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of FNAC and computed tomography (CT) in the differentiation of benign and malignant parotid tumours operated between 2010 to 2014 in the oral and maxillofacial surgery department of the University Hospital Miguel Servet.ResultsThe sensitivity of FNAC is 50%, while the specificity is high, at 98.7%. FNAC offers high reliability in the diagnosis of malignant tumours, despite its low sensitivity. However, when the diagnosis is indeterminate or benign, other than pleomorphic adenoma or Whartin tumour, the reliability to exclude malignancy decreases.ConclusionThe low sensitivity of FNAC to differentiate malignant from benign parotid tumours, means that we cannot rule out other diagnostic tests, clinical symptoms and especially the intraoperative vision of each surgeon. Especially when the diagnosis is indeterminate. Nevertheless, it is a technique used in a systematised way and helps in pre-surgical decision-making.



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Comparison between clinical and audiological results of tympanoplasty with double layer graft (modified sandwich fascia) technique and single layer graft (underlay fascia and underlay cartilage) technique

Surgical repair of the tympanic membrane, termed a type one tympanoplasty is a tried and tested treatment modality. Overlay or underlay technique of tympanoplasty is common. Sandwich Tympanoplasty is the combined overlay and underlay grafting of tympanic membrane.

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Irradiation hypofractionnée du cancer de prostate : quelles connaissances radiobiologiques en 2017 ?

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Publication date: Available online 26 August 2017
Source:Cancer/Radiothérapie
Author(s): J.-M. Cosset
L'irradiation hypofractionnée du cancer prostatique s'est développée sur des données radiobiologiques de 1999 en calculant que le rapport alpha/bêta de ce cancer était très bas (1,2 à 1,5Gy), suggérant que l'hypofractionnement serait susceptible d'améliorer les résultats, avec une meilleure efficacité anti-tumorale et sans augmentation de la toxicité par rapport aux schémas classiques. Dans la foulée, deux types d'hypofractionnement ont été proposés : des schémas d'hypofractionnement « modérés » avec des séances de 2,5 à 4Gy et des schémas d'hypofractionnement « extrêmes », en techniques stéréotaxiques, avec des séances de 7 à 10Gy. Pour les hypofractionnements modérés, il paraissait licite d'utiliser le modèle linéaire quadratique pour calculer les équivalences de dose. En revanche, les essais disponibles, s'ils ont souvent montré une « non-infériorité » des schémas hypofractionnés, n'ont pas montré d'avantage évident, même quand les doses équivalentes calculées étaient très supérieures à celles données dans les bras « conventionnels ». Cela pourrait suggérer soit que le rapport alpha/bêta du cancer prostatique n'est pas aussi bas qu'indiqué précédemment, soit que d'autres paramètres radiobiologiques allant dans un sens négatif ont pu annihiler le bénéfice attendu. Pour l'hypofractionnement « extrême », outre les réserves exprimées dans l'utilisation du modèle linéaire quadratique pour les très fortes doses, il persiste de nombreuses inconnues radiobiologiques. La durée totale de l'irradiation, très réduite dans ce cas de figure, peut constituer un élément soit positif (meilleure efficacité anti-tumorale) soit négatif (déficit de réoxygénation). Une durée de séance supérieure à 20–30minutes peut permettre la réparation de lésions subléthales et réduire l'efficacité. Enfin, l'impact des très fortes doses par fraction sur le microenvironnement ou sur l'immunité est diversement apprécié. Les protocoles actuels d'hypofractionnement extrêmes paraissent montrer des résultats à court-moyen terme encourageants, mais, en l'attente d'essais randomisés, ils doivent intéresser des volumes réduits, avec des techniques stéréotaxiques sans faille et probablement une sélection précise des patients.For prostate cancer, hypofractionation has been based since 1999 on radiobiological data, which calculated a very low alpha/beta ratio (1.2 to 1.5Gy). This suggested that a better local control could be obtained, without any toxicity increase. Consequently, two types of hypofractionated schemes were proposed: "moderate" hypofractionation, with fractions of 2.5 to 4Gy, and "extreme" hypofractionation, utilizing stereotactic techniques, with fractions of 7 to 10Gy. For moderate hypofractionation, the linear-quadratic (LQ) model has been used to calculate the equivalent doses of the new protocols. The available trials have often shown a "non-inferiority", but no advantage, while the equivalent doses calculated for the hypofractionated arms were sometimes very superior to the doses of the conventional arms. This finding could suggest either an alpha/beta ratio lower than previously calculated, or a negative impact of other radiobiological parameters, which had not been taken into account. For "extreme" hypofractionation, the use of the LQ model is discussed for high dose fractions. Moreover, a number of radiobiological questions are still pending. The reduced overall irradiation time could be either a positive point (better local control) or a negative one (reduced reoxygenation). The prolonged duration of the fractions could lead to a decrease of efficacy (because allowing for reparation of sublethal lesions). Finally, the impact of the large fractions on the microenvironment and/or immunity remains discussed. The reported series appear to show encouraging short to mid-term results, but the results of randomized trials are still awaited. Today, it seems reasonable to only propose those extreme hypofractionated schemes to well-selected patients, treating small volumes with high-level stereotactic techniques.



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Bioinformatics analyses of pathways and gene predictions in IL-1α and IL-1β knockout mice with spinal cord injury

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Publication date: Available online 26 August 2017
Source:Acta Histochemica
Author(s): Zhuangchen Zhu, Defeng Wang, Wei Jiao, Guang Chen, Yan Cao, Qingfu Zhang, Junqin Wang
PurposeThis study aimed to explore the potential genes and pathways regulated in spinal cord injury (SCI) model mice with IL-1α and IL-1β knockout (KO).MethodsGene expression profile GSE70302, which includes data from injured spinal cord of 4 IL-1α-KO mice, 4 IL-1β-KO mice and 4 C57BL with 6 mice as controls was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the IL-1α-KO or IL-1β-KO vs. control, and IL-1α-KO vs. IL-1β-KO groups were screened, followed by function enrichment and protein–protein interaction (PPI) analyses. Finally, miRNAs associated with SCI that may target the DEGs were predicted.ResultsA total of 579 and 992 DEGs were selected from the IL-1α-KO vs. control group and the IL-1β-KO vs. control group, respectively, and 208 genes common between the 2 comparison groups were identified. Additionally, 526 DEGs were identified from the IL-1α-KO vs. IL-1β-KO groups. These DEGs were significantly enriched in functions and pathways associated with ion transport, neuron apoptotic processes and inflammatory responses. The common genes were enriched in the pathways for cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction. DEGs of IL-1α-KO vs. IL-1β-KO were significantly enriched in the immune system, hematopoietic cell lineage and PI3K-Akt signalling pathway-associated biological processes and pathways. The PPI network consisted of 76 nodes, such as Saa2, Kcna1, Scn8a, Ccl5, Ccl28 and Pink1. A total of 94 miRNAs, including mir-17-5P and mir-30a-5p were predicted that could target the DEGs.ConclusionIL-1α and IL-1β may play important roles in SCI by regulating ion transport, inflammation and neuron apoptotic processes and their associated genes or miRNAs. Compared with IL-1β-KO, IL-1α-KO may improve the outcome of SCI via the alteration of hematopoietic cell lineage and PI3K-Akt signalling pathways.



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Mesenchymal cells are required for epithelial duct cell-to-beta cell maturation and function in an injured adult pancreas in the rat

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Publication date: Available online 26 August 2017
Source:Acta Histochemica
Author(s): Juziel Kampando Manda, Benedict John Page, Venant Tchokonte-Nana
The islet, the endocrine portion of the pancreas − develops from an invagination of the pancreatic duct epithelial cells (PDECs) into the surrounding tissue. The contact of the PDECs with mesenchymal cells (MSCs) may be an essential drive for endocrine cell fate. During pancreatic development, cells that express Neurogenin-3 (Ngn3) biomarker are precursors of insulin- producing beta cells. These precursors have been reported in the neogenesis of islets from adult tissues following the surgical ligation of the main pancreatic duct (PDL). But the capacity of these precursors to induce the appropriate signals to complete the entire neogenesis program has been questioned. We studied the fate of co-culture of PDECs and MSCs from the ligated adult pancreas and established the exact location of adult stem- or progenitor-like cells that give rise to beta cells. PDECs were cultured in direct contact with or without MSCs in serum-containing culture media. The cytomorphology of the cells in co-cultures was determined and the immunocytochemical study of the cells was carried out using anti-Ngn3, anti-insulin and anti-cytokeratin-7 (CK7) antibodies. Both the PDEC/MSC- and PDEC/MSC+ cultures showed out- pocketing from duct epithelium by the end of the second week, which are distinct as cell clusters only in PDEC/MSC+ cells later in week four, exhibiting numerous branching ducts. Co-expression of Ngn3 with insulin was observed in both cultures from the second week. However, characterizations of these Ngn3+ cells in the PDEC/MSC+ culture revealed that these cells also co-expressed a CK7 biomarker. This study provides new evidence of the ductal epithelial nature of beta cells in injured adult pancreata; and that the mesenchymal stromal cells are required to sustain Ngn3 expression for beta cell maturation and function.



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Effect of antioxidant supplementation on the auditory threshold in sensorineural hearing loss: a meta-analysis

Publication date: Available online 26 August 2017
Source:Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Maria Eduarda Di Cavalcanti Alves de Souza, Klinger Vagner Teixeira da Costa, Paulo Augusto Vitorino, Nassib Bezerra Bueno, Pedro de Lemos Menezes
IntroductionHearing loss is conceptualized as any impairment of the ability to hear and/or detect speech or environment sounds, regardless of cause, type, or degree. It may occur at different stages of life; during pregnancy or childbirth, in childhood, adulthood or old age. It should be noted that aging is the most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss followed by noise-induced hearing loss, and both are closely related to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Dietary antioxidant supplementation has been employed as a therapeutic strategy to prevent and/or delay the risks of major human diseases.ObjectiveTo assess randomized clinical trials to determine the effect of antioxidant supplementation on the auditory thresholds in patients of different age groups with sensorineural hearing loss.MethodsThis systematic review consisted of a search in the following databases: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO and ClinicalTrials.gov. Additionally, the gray literature was also searched. The search strategy included terms related to the intervention (antioxidant supplementation), primary outcome (sensorineural hearing loss), as well as terms related to randomized clinical trials to improve search sensitivity.ResultsBased on 977 potentially relevant records identified through the search in the databases, ten full-text publications were retrieved for further evaluation. The increase in threshold at the 4kHz frequency was statistically higher in the control group (1.89 [1.01–2.78], p<0.0001) when compared to the NAC group and the ginseng group, whereas at 6kHz, the threshold increase was higher in the control group (1.42 [−1.14–3.97], p=0.28), but no statistically significant differences were found between groups.ConclusionGinseng was the antioxidant agent that showed the best effect in preventing auditory threshold worsening at the frequency of 4kHz, but not at 6kHz in patients with sensorineural hearing loss caused by exposure to high sound pressure levels. There was no improvement in the thresholds with vitamin E supplementation.



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Laryngeal Manual Therapies for Behavioral Dysphonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Publication date: Available online 26 August 2017
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Vanessa Veis Ribeiro, Vanessa Pedrosa, Kelly Cristina Alves Silverio, Mara Behlau
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to review systematically the literature and to analyze the effectiveness of laryngeal manual therapy in addressing the overall severity of vocal deviation, the intensity of vocal and laryngeal symptoms, and musculoskeletal pain in adults with behavioral dysphonia.Study DesignThis is a systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsTwo independent authors selected clinical trials that analyzed the effectiveness of laryngeal manual therapy compared with other interventions in the treatment of adults with behavioral dysphonia from the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, and LILACS. The analyzed outcomes were the overall severity of vocal deviation, the intensity of vocal and laryngeal symptoms, and musculoskeletal pain. Data analysis was conducted based on the following steps: the assessment of the risk of bias, the measures of treatment effect and descriptive data analysis, the assessment of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and the assessment of reporting biases.ResultsA total of 2135 studies were identified, three of which met the selection criteria. Data analysis showed an unclear risk of 100% of performance bias and 66% of detection bias, in addition to a 33% high risk of selection bias. Low statistical and clinical heterogeneities were found. In addition, no significant difference was found in the relative risk of improvement with laryngeal manual therapy and with other interventions in the analyzed outcomes.ConclusionsVarious types of laryngeal manual therapies are available with similar objectives and effects, but their effectiveness is equivalent to that of other interventions involving direct voice therapy in the rehabilitation of adults with behavioral dysphonia.



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Laryngeal Manual Therapies for Behavioral Dysphonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Publication date: Available online 26 August 2017
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Vanessa Veis Ribeiro, Vanessa Pedrosa, Kelly Cristina Alves Silverio, Mara Behlau
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to review systematically the literature and to analyze the effectiveness of laryngeal manual therapy in addressing the overall severity of vocal deviation, the intensity of vocal and laryngeal symptoms, and musculoskeletal pain in adults with behavioral dysphonia.Study DesignThis is a systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsTwo independent authors selected clinical trials that analyzed the effectiveness of laryngeal manual therapy compared with other interventions in the treatment of adults with behavioral dysphonia from the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, and LILACS. The analyzed outcomes were the overall severity of vocal deviation, the intensity of vocal and laryngeal symptoms, and musculoskeletal pain. Data analysis was conducted based on the following steps: the assessment of the risk of bias, the measures of treatment effect and descriptive data analysis, the assessment of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and the assessment of reporting biases.ResultsA total of 2135 studies were identified, three of which met the selection criteria. Data analysis showed an unclear risk of 100% of performance bias and 66% of detection bias, in addition to a 33% high risk of selection bias. Low statistical and clinical heterogeneities were found. In addition, no significant difference was found in the relative risk of improvement with laryngeal manual therapy and with other interventions in the analyzed outcomes.ConclusionsVarious types of laryngeal manual therapies are available with similar objectives and effects, but their effectiveness is equivalent to that of other interventions involving direct voice therapy in the rehabilitation of adults with behavioral dysphonia.



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3-dimensional (3D) tissue-engineered skeletal muscle for laryngeal reconstruction.

3-dimensional (3D) tissue-engineered skeletal muscle for laryngeal reconstruction.

Laryngoscope. 2017 Aug 26;:

Authors: Brookes S, Voytik-Harbin S, Zhang H, Halum S

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: There is an unmet need for tissue-engineered three-dimensional (3D) muscle constructs for laryngeal reconstruction. Functional engineered muscle could be used to repair postoncologic or traumatic defects or to medialize the vocal fold in cases of paresis/paralysis. Autologous, organized, engineered muscle that has adequate bulk integrates into host tissue and restores function currently does not exist.
METHODS: Primary skeletal muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) were isolated from F344 rats. Three-dimensional muscle constructs were created by encapsulating MPCs via flow alignment in a customized collagen formulation and cultured under passive tension. Muscle-specific immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy were used to evaluate muscle tissue differentiation. After 2 weeks of culture, muscle constructs were implanted into surgically created defects in the rat larynx. Postmortem function testing and histology was performed at 1 and 3 months.
RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry with confocal microscopy demonstrated well-differentiated myotubes, which were well aligned and distributed throughout the engineered construct in vitro. There was evidence of restoration of normal laryngeal function at 1 month postoperative, as indicated by safe swallow (no aspiration events), weight gain, and excellent animal survival. Postmortem specimens demonstrated functional muscle contraction on ex vivo testing, and histology confirmed integration into host tissue.
CONCLUSION: This is the first study to demonstrate that functional, 3D tissue-engineered skeletal muscle can be developed from primary MPCs and standardized oligomeric collagen. Collectively, these findings may have tremendous clinical implications for autologous laryngeal muscle repair and reconstruction.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NA. Laryngoscope, 2017.

PMID: 28842993 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Expiratory central airway collapse in stable COPD and during exacerbations.

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Expiratory central airway collapse in stable COPD and during exacerbations.

Respir Res. 2017 Aug 25;18(1):163

Authors: Leong P, Tran A, Rangaswamy J, Ruane LE, Fernando MW, MacDonald MI, Lau KK, Bardin PG

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tracheal obstruction resulting from expiratory tracheal deformation has been associated with respiratory symptoms and severe airway exacerbations. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute exacerbations (AECOPD) create large intrathoracic pressure swings which may increase tracheal deformation. Excessive central airway collapse (ECAC) may be diagnosed when the tracheal area on expiration is less than 50% of that on inspiration. The prevalence of ECAC in AECOPD and its temporal course have not been systematically studied.
METHODS: We prospectively recruited healthy volunteers (n = 53), stable outpatients with COPD (n = 40) and patients with hospitalised acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD, n = 64). 17 of the AECOPD group returned for repeat evaluation when clinically well at 6-12 weeks. All subjects underwent dynamic 320-slice computed tomography of the larynx and trachea during tidal breathing, enabling quantitation of tracheal area and dimensions (mean ± SD).
RESULTS: No healthy individuals had ECAC. The prevalence of ECAC in stable COPD and AECOPD was 35% and 39% respectively. Mean tracheal collapse did not differ between stable COPD (57.5 ± 19.8%), AECOPD (53.8 ± 19.3%) and in the subset who returned when convalescent (54.9 ± 17.2%). AECOPD patients with and without ECAC had similar clinical characteristics.
CONCLUSIONS: Tracheal collapse in both stable and AECOPD is considerably more prevalent than in healthy individuals. ECAC warrants assessment as part of comprehensive COPD evaluation and management. Further studies should evaluate the aetiology of ECAC and whether it predisposes to exacerbations.

PMID: 28841915 [PubMed - in process]



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Clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in different age groups.

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Clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in different age groups.

Head Neck. 2017 Aug 26;:

Authors: Zhang YY, Wang DC, Su JZ, Jia LF, Peng X, Yu GY

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The clinicopathological features and outcomes of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue in patients of different age groups remain debatable.
METHODS: Medical records of 457 patients with tongue SCC were reviewed, grouped by age, followed up, and compared.
RESULTS: Sex and TNM stage showed no intergroup differences. Tongue SCC in patients ≤30 years had the most advanced TNM classification and greatest proportion of poorly differentiation tumors. Both disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) showed no statistically significant difference between the youngest and the oldest groups (P = .605 and P = .520). However, there was a tendency of higher death rate caused by recurrence or metastasis in the youngest group compared with the others (91.7% vs 75.4% and 77.4%).
CONCLUSION: Young patients had a tendency of higher death rate caused by recurrence or metastasis than middle-age and older patients; therefore, a larger case sample is needed for further confirmation.

PMID: 28842932 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Frozen section can 'sharpen' or 'sand off' the surgeon's knife: Two case Illustrations with skull base meningioma mimics.

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Frozen section can 'sharpen' or 'sand off' the surgeon's knife: Two case Illustrations with skull base meningioma mimics.

World Neurosurg. 2017 Aug 22;:

Authors: Karthigeyan M, Salunke P, Gupta K, Singh A, Rajasekhar R

Abstract
OBJECTIVE / BACKGROUND: Lesions at skull base merit careful evaluation of imaging and meticulous preoperative planning. Their needless radical resection could add to surgical morbidity. Occasionally, dura-based inflammatory/ infectious lesions at this site radiologically mimic meningiomas, which are the commonly encountered entity at this site. Not all require excision; rather it could be harmful in few.
CASE REPORT: We describe two patients with skull base lesions that apparently resembled a meningioma on imaging, while the frozen section in both cases was contrary to the pre-operative diagnosis with inflammatory lesion in the first and invasive aspergillosis in the second case. Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded sections confirmed the frozen section diagnosis. Safe resection was performed in the former while surgery was abandoned and the patient started on antifungal therapy in the latter. Both had good outcome.
CONCLUSION: The present report thus underscores the usefulness of intraoperative frozen section to decide on further course of treatment when faced with such unexpected situations. Frozen sections/ crush smears hold a great potential to avoid unwarranted surgical morbidity, particularly for skull base lesions.

PMID: 28842226 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Towards personalized medicine of colorectal cancer

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Publication date: Available online 26 August 2017
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
Author(s): Mohammad Azhar Aziz, Zeyad Yousef, Ayman Saleh, Sameer Mohammad, Bandar Al Knawy
Efforts in colorectal cancer (CRC) research aim to improve early detection and treatment for metastatic stages which could translate into better prognosis of this disease. One of the major challenges that hinder these efforts is the heterogeneous nature of CRC and involvement of diverse molecular pathways. New large-scale 'omics' technologies are making it possible to generate, analyze and interpret biological data from molecular determinants of CRC. The developments of sophisticated computational analyses would allow information from different omics platforms to be integrated, thus providing new insights into the biology of CRC. Together, these technological advances and an improved mechanistic understanding might allow CRC to be clinically managed at the level of the individual patient. This review provides an account of the current challenges in CRC management and an insight into how new technologies could allow the development of personalized medicine for CRC.



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Distance-delivered physical activity interventions for childhood cancer survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Publication date: Available online 26 August 2017
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
Author(s): David Mizrahi, Claire E. Wakefield, Joanna E. Fardell, Veronica F. Quinn, Qishan Lim, Briana K. Clifford, David Simar, Kirsten K. Ness, Richard J. Cohn
This review aimed to determine the feasibility of distance-delivered physical activity (PA) interventions in childhood cancer survivors (CCS), and assess the effect on PA levels, and physical, physiological and psychological outcomes. We searched electronic databases until May 2016, including studies following intensive treatment. Meta-analyses were conducted on randomized controlled trials. We calculated the effect of interventions on PA levels and physical, physiological and psychological health outcomes. Thirteen studies (n=270 participants) were included in the systematic review and four (n=102 participants) in the meta-analysis. Most studies used telephone to deliver interventions with contact (1/day-1/month), duration (2 weeks–1year) and timing (maintenance therapy->20years following intensive treatment) varying between interventions. Interventions yielded a mean recruitment rate=64%, retention rate=85% and adherence rate=88%. Interventions did not increase PA levels (p=0.092), but had a positive effect on physical function (p=0.008) and psychological outcomes (p=0.006). Distance-delivered PA interventions are feasible in CCS. Despite not increasing PA levels, participation may improve physical and psychological health; however, larger randomized controlled trials are warranted.



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Innovative application of intraoperative laser-assisted fluorescence angiography in resection of an angiosarcoma of the scalp

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Publication date: Available online 26 August 2017
Source:American Journal of Otolaryngology
Author(s): Clara M. Olcott, Daniel W. Karakla




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Survival trends in patients with tracheal carcinoma from 1973 to 2011

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Publication date: Available online 26 August 2017
Source:American Journal of Otolaryngology
Author(s): Surbhi Agrawal, Christopher Jackson, Karel-Bart Celie, Chetan Dodhia, Daphne Monie, Jose Monzon, Theodor Kaufman, Nicholas J. Hellenthal
PurposeThe prognosis for primary tracheal cancer is dismal. We investigated whether there has been improvement in survival in tracheal cancer patients and how treatment modality affected overall and cancer-specific survival.Materials and methodsUsing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, 1144 patients with tracheal cancer were identified between 1973 and 2011. Patients were stratified by age group, gender, race, tumor histology, and treatment modality. Radical surgery and survival rates based upon these stratifications were determined. Longitudinal analyses of survival and the percentage of patients undergoing surgery and radiation were conducted.ResultsIn the final cohort, 327 tracheal cancer patients (34%) underwent radical surgery. Patients of younger age, female gender, and who presented with non-squamous cell tumors were statistically more likely to undergo surgery. Over time, utilization of radiation has declined while use of radical surgery has increased. Concomitantly, 5-year survival has increased from approximately 25% in 1973 to 30% by 2006. Those who did not have surgery were 2.50 times more likely to die of tracheal cancer (95% Confidence Interval 2.00–3.11, p<0.001) than those who did have surgery. Additionally, patients who underwent radical surgery alone (without adjuvant radiation therapy) were 50% or 19% less likely to die of tracheal cancer than those who underwent no treatment or combination therapy, respectively (both p<0.001).ConclusionsSurvival in patients with tracheal cancer is improving over time. The utilization of radical surgery is increasing and confers the highest survival advantage to patients who are candidates.



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Re-irradiation using Permanent Interstitial Brachytherapy (PIB): A Potentially Durable Technique for Salvaging Recurrent Pelvic Malignancies

Publication date: Available online 26 August 2017
Source:International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics
Author(s): Jonathan Feddock, Dennis Cheek, Cole Steber, Jason Edwards, Stacey Slone, Wei Luo, Marcus Randall
PurposeWomen who develop recurrence of malignancy in a previously irradiated pelvis are often considered incurable. Permanent interstitial brachytherapy (PIB) is an under-utilized but well-tolerated and safe treatment option with significant curative potential when utilized in well-selected patients.Materials and methodsForty-two previously irradiated patients received curative or palliative intent PIB for a recurrent pelvic malignancy between January 2009 and August 2016. Minimum follow-up was 6 months following the PIB procedure. All patients had a biopsy-proven recurrence and were treated using PIB alone (n=32) or in combination with a short course of additional radiation therapy (n=10). Competing risk analyses were performed to assess the risk of failures in the presence of death without failure. Exploratory analyses were performed for factors related to failure using competing risk analyses and the Gray statistic.ResultsA total of 61 PIB implants were performed among 42 patients with a median follow up of 16.3 months. Fifty-two implants were performed as the first salvage re-irradiation to a solitary recurrence (8 patients had more than one lesion), and the success rate for initial re-irradiation using PIB was 73% (38 cases out of 52), and the median TTF was not reached. Nine patients underwent a second repeat PIB to the same recurrence as a form of salvage – 3 (33%) remain without evidence of recurrence. The median TTF after second salvage was 7.7 months. Even with the limited sample size, prolonged TTF was marginally associated with definitive intent (p=0.07) and the extent of disease at the time of PIB (p=0.08). Grade 3+ toxicities were seen in 8 patients (16.7%).ConclusionsPermanent interstitial brachytherapy is a feasible and potentially durable treatment modality that can be used to curatively salvage selected recurrent pelvic malignancies in a previously irradiated field.

Teaser

Permanent interstitial brachytherapy (PIB) is an often forgotten and underutilized brachytherapy technique that can be used to manage small volume recurrent gynecologic disease. The primary intent of this type of treatment is to manage local disease, and in nearly all cases, curative doses of radiation can be delivered in a single outpatient procedure. The median time to failure for re-irradiation was not identified in this series suggesting its effectiveness as a form of local therapy.


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Care for Patients, Not for Charts: A Future for Clinical Medical Physics

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Publication date: Available online 26 August 2017
Source:International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics
Author(s): Todd F. Atwood, Derek W. Brown, James D. Murphy, Kevin L. Moore, Arno J. Mundt, Todd Pawlicki




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