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Κυριακή 3 Απριλίου 2022

10 clinical commandments

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The cost of replacing a medic, both financially and in time invested, is steep. Finding and hiring promising candidates is only one piece of the staffing puzzle. In an EMS1 Special Coverage Series, "Year One: Creating a career path for new EMTs," learn how to onboard team members to set them up for long-term success, through the first 90 days, the first 6 months and beyond.

By Casey Patrick, MD, FAEMS; and Xavier de la Rosa, BS, LP, NRP, FP-C

There are countless variations of new employee orientation schedules and clinical onboarding programs that exist within EMS services across the U.S. Most times, these are inherited, edited and improved upon as medical directors and clinical staff come and go.

At the new Harris County ESD11 Mobile Healthcare, we were tasked with quite the new employee clinical orientation challenge. Two hundred paramedics – all with existing full-time jobs in other services – 6 days to divvy 8 hours of clinical material … go!

Ten commandments have seemed to stick over time, so we copied that idea and developed the Harris County ESD11 Mobile Healthcare Clinical Commandments with the goal of setting initial expectations and tone moving forward.
Ten commandments have seemed to stick over time, so we copied that idea and developed the Harris County ESD11 Mobile Healthcare Clinical Commandments with the goal of setting initial expectations and tone moving forward. (Photo/Harris County ESD11 Mobile Healthcare)
No text material or evidence-based best practice existed to guide us through this process. Obviously, the high-risk clinical topics were high on the priority list – airway management, difficult refusals and chemical restraint. However, before getting into anatomy, physiology and pharmacology, we felt it was vital to address our clinical foundations for this brand new EMS service.

Ten commandments have seemed to stick over time, so we copied that idea and developed the Harris County ESD11 Mobile Healthcare Clinical Commandments with the goal of setting initial expectations and tone moving forward.

Are these the "right" tenets?

There is no right, just our starting point.

Are there other correct answers?

Of course, these were just our building blocks.

Thanks for reading along and we'd love to hear additional feedback, ideas and suggestions.

1. PATIENTS ARE THE FOUNDATION
The process of developing and initiating a new, urban EMS system from the ground up in a matter of months was a herculean task to say the least. All employees had to clear the hurdles of initial interviews, scheduling around existing employment, truck familiarization, uniform sizing, ePCR implementation, and the usual compliance tasks, just to name a few.

It was an atypical few months for clinical staff and the medical director of an EMS service with no patients or medics. Ultimately, though, each of those apparent logistical, technological and operational hurdles were either directly or indirectly in place to allow for proper patient care. It made sense for us to take it back to the "why" of paramedicine and that's the patient. If patient's best interests and a patient-first attitude are the starting point, then the details of any clinical situation can be refined and addressed from that common ground.

2. ERRORS OF THE MIND VS. ERRORS OF THE HEART
One of the most common medical director questions is, "Can I be fired for a clinical mistake?" and the answer at ESD11 Mobile Healthcare is, absolutely not. However, clinical errors of the mind will inevitably occur.

Prehospital medicine is the culmination of thousands of split-second decisions made with limited information. There is always more to learn and areas for remediation. The clinical department and medical director exist primarily to support, educate and guide the field medics so that they can care for patients at the highest level possible.

Errors of the heart, such as lying, fraud, racism and neglect, are much more difficult to fix, yet easier to manage. They simply will not be tolerated.

3. ASSUME PATIENTS ARE SICK
Throughout various emergency care venues, whether EMS or emergency department, it is not uncommon to see the dangerous attitude creep in where patients must prove to the providers that their illness or complaint reaches some ill-defined "emergency" standard.

We are triage experts in EMS, which is an underappreciated skill, to say the least. To triage properly, however, providers must operate under the assumption that every patient has an emergency and it's up to us in EMS to not miss it. This doesn't mean every patient gets intubated and defibrillated, but it does mean that every patient gets a thorough and efficient exam, with full vitals, a differential consisting of the possible killer diagnoses and rapid transport to the most appropriate resources. We are in the business of death and disability, not of minimization.

4. IN CHARGE MEANS IN CHARGE
At Harris County ESD11 Mobile Healthcare, we operate under a hierarchy of paramedic credentialing. The in-charge paramedic is the lead on each ambulance and the backbone of all clinical care.

The concept of paramedic consultation with supervisors and online/offline medical direction exists in a variety of forms throughout EMS. It is our belief that if we train our most qualified providers to wear the title of "in-charge," then our protocols and practices should allow them to be in clinical command on scene. This allows for the quickest care and transport decisions for our patients. There are occasional checklist verification and supervisory consultation situations, but these are few and far between.

5. BUT … LIFELINES EXIST
There are certain times when supervisor and medical director support and input are needed. A prime example is high-risk/difficult patient refusals of transport. These situations are tough for all emergency providers.

Sometimes, patients change their minds in situations where we feel they are sick and we're unsure that they can comprehend the consequences. What's our end goal? To get our patients to the correct resources promptly. Anecdotes and evidence tell us, a push from the supervisor or urging from the medical director can encourage our patients to make safe decisions. No paramedic will be left on an island in our service.

6. WHEN WE SAY TIME SENSITIVE, WE MEAN IT
There are certain patients and diagnoses where we can positively affect outcomes based on proper scene management and transport decisions (not to get into the details of which time metrics are more valid than others). Large vessel occlusion strokes do better with earlier endovascular retrieval. Trauma patients have better outcomes with shorter on-scene times. EMS recognition of STEMI leads to quicker revascularization.

These facts are not news to anyone reading this, but they do form the foundation of QI/QA metrics and KPIs within any high functioning EMS system. Paramedics must know clear expectations before they can ever be expected to reach any metric goal.

7. TRANSPARENCY IS KEY
Forming a transparent foundation for QA/QI is key as this is the initial source of data within any EMS clinical department. Patient outcomes will be the basis of all continuing education, quality initiatives and protocol revisions for ESD11 Mobile Healthcare. This includes not only EMS outcomes, but also a robust system of data exchange with our hospital partners as well. We are a tax supported, third-service EMS system, so these transparent metrics, KPIs and educational initiatives will always be publicly available to the paramedics, receiving institutions and citizens of the district.

8. EVIDENCE BASED (FOR PATIENT'S SAKE)
Many paramedics inquired about progressive protocols during their initial interview process. We will be progressive at ESD11 Mobile Healthcare, but it will absolutely be progressive for patient's sake. The newest bell or shiny object are always desired across emergency care. Protocol updates, pharmacologic additions and procedural advancements will only be initiated if the service feels a gap in current patient care can be filled with the change. If said change is made, then open and transparent data collection will take place with an end goal and plan in place, for eventual peer-reviewed validation. This is the full circle of EMS clinical transparency.

9. WITH PARALYSIS AND RESTRAINT COME GREAT RESPONSIBILITY
Spider Man popularized the quote, "With great power comes great responsibility." This applies directly to any progressive or advanced EMS service capable of paralytic assisted intubation and/or chemical restraint. Pharmacologic and procedural detail aside, we must consider and always respect the gravity of taking over the faculties of a fellow human to better breathe or care for them.

This is a monumental decision that is accompanied by the absolute, non-negotiable requirement that paramedics and emergency providers know associated protocols with medication dosages, indications, contraindications and side-effects. The gravity and importance of airway management and chemical restraint was the focus of all clinical education that followed our 10 clinical commandments discussion.

10. KINDNESS IS EXPECTED
The ESD11 Mobile Healthcare clinical 10 commandments start and end with the patient as our foundation. We must always put the patient first. In addition, kindness, compassion and empathy are expected.

As first responders, we have the honor of meeting our public on their worst days. Heart attacks, strokes and motor vehicle crashes are often the most emotionally and physically traumatic days of those individual patient's lives. Yes, we see these events shift after shift, but we cannot underestimate our ability to have positive (or negative) impact on each patient that they will forever remember.

A mentor and giant of emergency medicine, Dr. Kevin Rodgers, often said, "Patients don't care how much you know until they know how much you care."

Read more:
Read more:
12 onboarding strategies for new hires with Maria Beermann-Foat

In this episode, our co-hosts are joined by Maria Beermann-Foat to discuss how agencies can start the retention process in the first 90 days of a new hire

ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Casey Patrick, MD, FAEMS

Dr. Casey Patrick is medical director for Harris County ESD11 Mobile Healthcare and assistant medical director for the Montgomery County Hospital District EMS service in Greater Houston, where he helped develop and produces the MCHD Paramedic Podcast. Dr. Patrick is board certified in both Emergency and EMS Medicine and works as a community emergency physician in multiple states. Additionally, he is an active member of the Texas NAEMSP State chapter and the national association, and serves as an EMS1 Editorial Advisory Board member.

Xavier De La Rosa, BS, LP, NRP, FP-C

Lieutenant Xavier A. De La Rosa, BS, LP, NRP, FP-C, is chief clinical officer for Harris County ESD 11 Mobile Healthcare. He has held multiple roles including for-profit EMS, 911 EMS, flight medicine and EMS-based fire service, and as a lieutenant in the Training Division of Fort Bend County EMS in Texas.

He has a degree in Emergency Health Sciences from the University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio and is currently enrolled at Johns Hopkins University for his Master's of Business Administration degree, with concentrations in Private and Public sector leadership and Health Innovation, Technology and Management.



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Harris County ESD11 Mobile Healthcare developed 10 commandments to set initial expectations while onboarding 200 paramedics
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Woke up dead: A review on traumatic brain injuries

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TBI risk factors, managing patient refusals and oxygenation tips for treating head injuries
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Envista Obtains FDA Clearance for Assisted Intelligence Mandibular Nerve Tracing

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 We are seeing more and more artificial intelligence systems enter into the healthcare space and dentistry in general.  Envista is a large player in the dental space, owning several companies under t he "umbrella" of Envista.

Many of the companies that are owned by Envista have products in the tech sphere and the company works hard with research & development to expand the use of its technologies across its portfolio.

Now comes word that the company has received FDA clearance for mapping of the inferior alveolar nerve.  The process, which has been referred to as "nerve tracing" for years has, until now, required manual input from the doctor. 

Before this discovery, it was necessary for the office to take a CBCT scan and then manually trace points along the mandibular canal.  When completed, the software would plot a line through all of the points to indicate the location of the canal throughout the mandible.

Now... that process has been automated.  I recently made a post about the dental A.I. company Pearl and how that company's FDA clearance was a watershed moment in dentistry.  Now we've reached another A.I. milestone in the profession.  This announcement is groundbreaking and these types of A.I. assisted procedures are only going to become more commonplace.

The profession has shown the FDA that these types of systems work reliably and this is only the beginning.  Here is full announcement from Envista:

Envista announced today the 510(k) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance of its Assisted Intelligence (AI) mandibular nerve tracing feature in its image acquisition and diagnostic software platform DTX Studio Clinic.

The tracing of the mandibular nerve in modern dentistry is of high significance as it influences the available therapeutic options for the patient. The proper visualization of the nerve can prevent complications. When done manually, it is a task that can be both time-consuming and error prone. DTX's AI capabilities supports clinicians as they perform this important task.

This clearance complements a series of AI-powered functionality in DTX Studio Clinic. In 2017, Envista obtained FDA clearance for its AI-driven 3D virtual tooth setup algorithm. In 2020, a further clearance was received for automatic tooth position identification and automated sorting of full-mouth x-ray series. On March 25, the FDA cleared the third AI-focused 510(k) for the fully automated mandibular nerve tracing on CBCT scans.

Amir Aghdaei, Envista CEO, said, "This cle arance is another important step towards our digital strategy of expanding the capabilities of our powerful, unified, and open dental diagnostic software platform DTX Studio Clinic. With its combination of a user-friendly interface and AI-driven functionality, DTX Studio Clinic reduces the time clinicians spend on time-consuming tasks, while simultaneously helping prevent complications and enabling increased focus on the patient. We are particularly proud of our fully automated mandibular nerve tracing functionality with its high clinical relevance for dental implant-based patient rehabilitations."

About Envista Holdings Corporation

Envista is a global family of more than 30 trusted dental brands, including Nobel Biocare, Ormco, DEXIS, and Kerr united by a shared purpose: to partner with professionals to improve lives. Envista helps its customers deliver the best possible patient care through industry-leading dental consumables, solutions, technology, and services. Our comprehensive portfolio, including dental implants and treatment options, orthodontics, and digital imaging technologies, covers a broad range of dentists' clinical needs for diagnosing, treating, and preventing dental conditions as well as improving the aesthetics of the human smile. With a foundation comprised of the proven Envista Business System (EBS) methodology, an experienced leadership team, and a strong culture grounded in continuous improvement, commitment to innovation, and deep customer focus, Envista is well equipped to meet the end-to-end needs of dental professionals worldwide. Envista is one of the largest global dental products companies, with significant market positions in some of the most attractive segments of the dental products industry. For more information, pl ease visit www.envistaco.com.

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Association of age-related decrease in intracellular-to-total water ratio with that in explosive strength of the plantar flexors: a cross-sectional study

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We aimed to investigate the association of age-related differences in the intracellular-to-total water ratio with explosive strength of the plantar flexors.
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Navigating the Regulatory Pathway for Medical Devices—a Conversation with the FDA, Clinicians, Researchers, and Industry Experts

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Abstract

Successful translation of new and innovative medical products from concept to clinical use is a complex endeavor that requires understanding and overcoming a variety of challenges. In particular, regulatory pathways and processes are often unfamiliar to academic researchers and start-ups, and even larger companies. Growing evidence suggests that the successful translation of ideas to products requires collaboration and cooperation between clinicians, researchers, industry, and regulators. A multi-stakeholder group developed this review to enhance regulatory knowledge and thereby improve translational success for medical devices. Communication between and among stakeholders is identified as a critical factor. Current regulatory programs and processes to facilitate communication and translation of innovative devices are described and discussed. Case studies are used to highlight the importance of flexibility when considering evidence requirements. We provide a revi ew of emerging strategies, opportunities, and best practices to increase the regulatory knowledge base and facilitate medical device translation by all stakeholders.

Graphical abstract

Clinicians, regulators, industry, and researchers require regulatory knowledge and collaboration for successful translation of innovative medical devices

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Functional Impact and Regulation of Alternative Splicing in Mouse Heart Development and Disease

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Abstract

Alternative splicing (AS) plays a major role in the generation of transcript diversity. In the heart, roles have been described for some AS variants, but the global impact and regulation of AS patterns are poorly understood. Here, we studied the AS profiles in heart disease, their relationship with heart development, and the regulatory mechanisms controlling AS dynamics in the mouse heart. We found that AS profiles characterized the different groups and that AS and gene expression changes affected independent genes and biological functions. Moreover, AS changes, specifically in heart disease, were associated with potential protein–protein interaction changes. While developmental transitions were mainly driven by the upregulation of MBNL1, AS changes in disease were driven by a complex regulatory network, where PTBP1 played a central role. Indeed, PTBP1 over-expression was sufficient to induce cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, potentially by perturb ing AS patterns.

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Endoscopic Adenoidectomy Replacing the Outdated Curette Adenoidectomy: Comparison of the Two Methods at a Tertiary Care Centre

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Abstract

To compare intraoperative and postoperative parameters of the two techniques of adenoidectomy, endoscope and microdebrider powered adenoidectomy and conventional adenoidectomy. Study Design Prospective study. Setting: Academic tertiary referral centre. In our study, cases of adenoid hypertrophy were randomly selected from the outpatient department of department of ORL & HNS. Out of these patients, 30 underwent Endoscopic adenoidectomy (EA) (Group A) and 30 underwent Conventional adenoidectomy (CA) (Group B). All of the patients were assessed pre-operatively, intra-operatively and post-operatively to compare the various parameters. The most common complaint in both the groups was mouth breathing with snoring. Intra-operative bleeding was 29.15 ml in group EA and 15.2 ml in group CA. Operative time for CA was shorter at 21.8 min as compared to 32.1 min for group EA. Residual adenoids and injury to adjacent structures were more common in group CA. Hospital stay was 3.2 days for EA patients and 3.43 days for CA patients. Resolution of symptoms was near comparable in both groups. Operative time and intra-operative bleeding are both significantly reduced with the CA as opposed to EA. However, injury to adjacent structures and residual adenoids occur significantly less in group EA. After weighing the risks and benefits, we can conclude that EA is comparatively better than CA.

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The Effect of Topical Tranexamic Acid in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Triple Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

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Annals of Otology, Rhinology &Laryngology, Ahead of Print.
Objective:Our aim is to evaluate the effect of topical tranexamic acid (TA) on bleeding and surgical quality field in the functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS).Methods:A total of 74 patients who underwent FESS due to chronic rhinosinusitis were included. The patients were randomized into 2 groups. TA group (n = 37) received a topical cotton pledget soaked with TA and placebo (PL) group (n = 37) received a pledget soaked with saline solution.Results:A significant effect was noted for the TA group versus the PL group in the grade 1 of the Boezaart scale at 35 minutes (4 for TA group and no case for PL group). This effect was absent for higher grades. We did not notice a significant effect between the 2 groups at 5 minutes. Blood loss was 359 ml in the TA group versus 441 ml in the PL group. No significant change was observed between the 2 groups concerning the blood parameters. No side effects were reported.Conclusion:Despite its safety when administrated locally and its low cost, TA provides limited effect on quality of surgical field after 35 minutes of the start of FESS in the patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. This effect was absent at the start of the intervention and when analyzing the blood loss and hematologic parameters.
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Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

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Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is characterized by positional vertigo (brief attacks of rotatory vertigo triggered by head position changes in the direction of gravity) and is the most common peripheral cause of vertigo. There are two types of BPPV pathophysiology: canalolithiasis and cupulolithiasis. In canalolithiasis, otoconial debris is detached from the otolithic membrane and floats freely within the endolymph of the canal. In cupulolithiasis, the otoconial debris released from the otolithic membrane settles on the cupula of the semicircular canal and the specific gravity of the cupula is increased.
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Πέμπτη 31 Μαρτίου 2022

Descriptive analysis of recurrences of nasal intestinal‐type adenocarcinomas after radiotherapy

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Abstract

Background

Despite adjuvant radiotherapy, rates of recurrences of endoscopically operated nasal intestinal-type adenocarcinomas (ITAC) have not been improved in successive series. To better understand how to improve local control, we aimed to investigate the site of local recurrences of ITACs.

Methods

Retrospective study in a reference center in sinonasal malignancies. For all patients with a local recurrence, radiotherapy plans were retrieved and compared to the delineation of local recurrences.

Results

Of 63 patients, 54 underwent adjuvant radiotherapy of which 14 (25.9%) had a local recurrence. Eleven of them had their onset in an optimally irradiated area. Difficulty to dissect the cribriform plate and/or the lateral lamina was reported for 11 patients with local recurrences in the operative reports (p <0.0001).

Conclusions

Most of recurrences arose in an optimally irradiated area. A close cooperation between surgeons and radiotherapists is required to define areas at risk and adapt treatment.

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Key Issues in Use of Prophylactic Steroids to Prevent Hypocalcemia and Voice Dysfunction After Thyroidectomy—Reply

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jamanetwork.com

In Reply We thank Ms Kane and colleagues for their feedback on our article.
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Expert consensus on dental caries management

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International Journal of Oral Science, Published online: 31 March 2022; doi:10.1038/s41368-022-00167-3

Expert consensus on dental caries management
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