ORF8 protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 reduces male fertility in mice

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader ORF8 protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 reduces male fertility in mice via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract As one of the most rapidly evolving proteins of the genus Betacoronavirus, ORF8's function and potential pathological consequence in vivo are still obscure. In this study, we show that the secretion of ORF8 is dependent on its N-terminal signal peptide sequence and can be inhibited by ROS scavenger and ER-Golgi transportation inhibitor in cultured cells. To trace the effect of its possible in vivo secretion，we examined the plasma samples of COVID-19 convalescent patients and found that the patients aged 40 to 60 had higher antibody titers than those under 40. To explore ORF8's in vivo function, we administered the mice with ORF8 via tail-vein injection to simulate the circulating ORF8 in the patient. Although no apparent difference in body weight, food intake, and vitality was detected between vehicle- and ORF8-treated mice, the latter displayed morphological abnormalities of testes and epididymides, as indicated by the loss of the central ductal lumen accompanied by a decreased fertility in five-week-old male mice. Furthermore, the analysis of gene expression in the testes between vehicle- and ORF8-treated mice identified a decreased expression of Col1a1, the loss of which is known to be associated with mice's infertility. Although whether our observation in mice could be translated to humans remains unclear, our study provides a potential mouse model that can be used to investigate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the human reproductive system. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Sparing submandibular gland to alleviating acute xerostomia in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with helical tomotherapy: Evaluation by diffusion kurtosis imaging

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Sparing submandibular gland to alleviating acute xerostomia in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with helical tomotherapy: Evaluation by diffusion kurtosis imaging via radiotheraphy Publication date: Available online 15 May 2022 Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology Author(s): Da-wei Zhao, Wen-jun Fan, Xue-mei Fang, Yan-rong Luo, Jian Wei, Nan-xiang Chen, Xin-xin Zhang, Gang Liu, Jin-feng Li, Xiao Zang, Meng Li, Lingling Meng, Lin Ma View on Web

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Ergonomics in Otolaryngology: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Ergonomics in Otolaryngology: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis via The Laryngoscope Ergonomic stressors among otolaryngologists contribute to a high rate of WRMD across all subspecialties with notable impact on productivity, longevity, and quality of life. The overall proportion (95% confidence intervals [CI]) of general otolaryngologists reporting WRMD was 0.79 (0.66, 0.88) for any symptoms; 0.54 (0.40, 0.67) for neck symptoms; 0.33 (0.20, 0.49) for shoulder symptoms; and 0.49 (0.40, 0.59) for back symptoms. Objectives To determine the proportion of otolaryngologists with work-related musculoskeletal discomfort (WRMD) and to review objective ergonomic data that contribute to WRMD. Study Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods A comprehensive search of the literature identified 1121 articles for initial review of which 19 (3563 participants) met criteria for qualitative discussion and eight (2192 participants) met criteria for meta-analysis. Random effects meta-analyses were used to estimate the proportion of otolaryngologists reporting WRMD. Results The overall proportion (95% confidence intervals [CI]) of general otolaryngologists reporting WRMD was 0.79 (0.66, 0.88) for any symptoms; 0.54 (0.40, 0.67) for neck symptoms; 0.33 (0.20, 0.49) for shoulder symptoms; and 0.49 (0.40, 0.59) for back symptoms. Surgeons performing primarily subspecialty cases had a lower estimated overall prevalence of WRMD versus those performing general ENT cases, however the odds ratio (OR) was not statistically significant (OR [95% confidence interval] 0.53 [0.22, 1.25]). 23%–84% of otolaryngologists underwent medical treatment for WRMD. 5%–23% took time off work and 1%–6% stopped operating completely as a result of WRMD. 23%–62.5% of otolaryngologists believed WRMD negatively impacted their quality of life. Objective measures of ergonomic posture indicate moderate to severe risk of injury during the routine clinic and surgical procedures with none found to be low risk. Conclusions Ergonomic stressors among otolaryngologists contribute to a high rate of WRMD across all subspecialties with notable impact on productivity, longevity, and quality of life. Laryngoscope, 2022 View on Web

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Pembrolizumab und Cetuximab als therapeutische Optionen für adenoidzystische Karzinome des Kopf-Hals-Bereiches

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Pembrolizumab und Cetuximab als therapeutische Optionen für adenoidzystische Karzinome des Kopf-Hals-Bereiches via Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie Laryngorhinootologie DOI: 10.1055/a-1830-8298 Georg Thieme Verlag KG Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany Article in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents  |  Full text View on Web

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Radiographic bone volume alteration after jaw cyst enucleation with or without simultaneous bone grafts: A prospective randomized study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Radiographic bone volume alteration after jaw cyst enucleation with or without simultaneous bone grafts: A prospective randomized study via Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research Abstract Objective This study was aimed to evaluate bone healing after jaw cyst enucleation with or without bone substitutes by cone beam computed tomography, and to analyze potential influence factors for bone formation as well. Materials and Methods Sixty seven jaw cyst patients were randomly assigned to two groups. Thirty three patients in control group accepted cystectomy without any filling material. The rest 34 bone cavities which filled with xenograft (DBBM, Bio-Oss®) and covered by absorbable membrane (Bio-Gide®) were included in the guided bone regeneration (GBR) group. All patients were examined with cone bean computerized tomography before operation, 3 and 6 months after surgery. Linear regression analysis was applied to evaluate the influence factors of bone healing. Results There was no significant difference in bone formation rate at 3 months after enucleation, with shrinkage rate (SR) of cystic lesion in control group and GBR group of 26.43 ± 14.98% and 20.78 ± 10.80%, respectively (p > 0.05). Larger shrinkage area in GBR group was detected on postoperative radiographs after 6 months with SR of 60.11 ± 19.23%, when compared to those in patients without filling (6 months SR: 48.63 ± 19.39%, p = 0.018, <0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that cyst size was negatively correlated with bone formation. Conclusion GBR with bovine xenograft and absorbable membrane showed considerable bone regeneration property in the healing of jaw cystic defects after enucleation of radicular cysts. Cyst size showed a suppressive influence on bone formation. View on Web

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Type 2 laryngeal cleft associated with OpitzG/BBB syndrome

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Type 2 laryngeal cleft associated with OpitzG/BBB syndrome via ScienceDirect Publication: Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition) Publication date: May–June 2022 Source: Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition), Volume 73, Issue 3 Author(s): Cristina García-Muro, Isabel Sáenz-Moreno, Fernando Gómez-Sáez, Ana Navazo-Eguia View on Web

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Survival Rate of Ultrawide Diameter Implants Placed Into Molar Postextraction Sockets and in Function for Up to 144 Months

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Survival Rate of Ultrawide Diameter Implants Placed Into Molar Postextraction Sockets and in Function for Up to 144 Months via Journal of Prosthodontics Abstract Purpose Innovations in macroimplant design, specifically ultrawide implants 7.0 mm or greater in diameter, have allowed immediate molar replacement. This is a retrospective study assessing the survival rates of ultrawide diameter implants (7.0, 8.0, 9.0 mm) immediately placed into molar extraction sockets. Implants were followed up to 144 months post-placement. Materials and methods A retrospective study was conducted of all patients treated in a private surgical practice between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2020, who received ultrawide dental implants (7.0, 8,0, 9.0mm.) placed immediately into molar extraction sockets. Wide diameter healing abutments were placed on all implants at the time of surgery. Abutments and crown restorations were fabricated after at least 4 months of unloaded healing. Patient age, gender, implant location and implant diameters were examined for survival. Insertion torque values at the time of placement and time in function were also evaluated. Biometric statistics were computed with P values (<0.05. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed; P values were set at .05. Results : Five hundred forty-four patients (225 males; 319 females) [average age 62.5 years; range 27 to 95] had 563 implants placed. Five hundred thirty-five of five hundred sixty-three (535/563) implants survived; 28 failed [clinical survival rate (CSR) 95.03%]. Number and time in function were: 0–12 years 100%; 0–9 years 85%; 0–6 years 69%; 0–3 years 35% or 10–12 years 16%; 7–9 years 16%; 4–6 years 34%; 0–3 years 35%. No significant differences were found between gender and implant failures (p = 0.22). Maxillary (266/285; 93.3%) and mandibular (269/278; 96.8%) implant CSRs were not significantly different. Three implant diameters were used: 7.0 mm (206/563) [36.6%]; 8.0 mm (267/563) [47.4%]; 9.0 mm (90/563) [15.9%]. Clinical survival rates were: 7.0 mm (201/206) [97.6%]; 8.0 mm (252/267) [94.4%]; 9.0 mm (82/90) [91.1%]. Mean age for patients with failed implants did not show any significant differences (p = 0.1398). Fifteen of the 28 failed implants failed within 120 da ys of surgical placement (prior to definitive restoration; [53.6%]; 4 implants failed between 4 and 12 months [14.3%]; 9 implants failed at least 1-year post-loading [32.1%]. Conclusions The results of this long-term retrospective study regarding ultrawide diameter implants suggested that these implants were viable treatment options for immediate molar replacement following tooth extraction in either jaw with an unloaded healing protocol. High clinical survival rates were reported over a 144 month (12 year) timeframe. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved View on Web

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Intranasal Spray Characteristics for Best Drug Delivery in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Intranasal Spray Characteristics for Best Drug Delivery in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis via The Laryngoscope Objectives To determine parameter combinations for effective drug delivery of intranasal spray steroids to the ostiomeatal complex (OMC) and maxillary sinus (MS) in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Methods Each patient's sinonasal cavity was reconstructed from computed tomography scans. Intranasal airflow and drug particle transport were simulated using computational fluid dynamic modeling. Airflow simulations were performed at 15 Pascal inhalation pressure. Intranasal spray particles of 1–100 μm were simulated at release speeds of 1, 5, and 10 m/s from 6 release locations (Bottom, Center, Top, Lateral, Lateral-Bottom, and Lateral-Top) at a nozzle insertion depth of 15 mm. Drug delivery simulations were performed in the head tilted forward position. Results Maximal OMC deposition was 0.78%–12.44%, while maximal MS deposition was 0.02%–1.03% across all simulations. In general, particles between 6 and 10 μm had the best OMC (at 1 m/s particle velocity) and MS (at 10 m/s particle velocity) deposition. Particles ranging from 21 to 30 μm also had superior OMC deposition. The lateral and lateral-top spray release locations produced maximum OMC deposition, but no one release location demonstrated an increase in MS deposition. Conclusion This preliminary study suggests that it is challenging to determine a common set of intranasal spray parameter combinations for effective drug delivery to the OMC and MSs. Although drug particle size and spray particle velocity seem to impact particle deposition patterns, spray release location appears to vary with anatomical differences between subjects, particularly when the MS is the target location for particle deposition. Laryngoscope, 2022 View on Web

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Comparison of Adult and Pediatric Cochlear Implant Wound Complications: A Meta‐Analysis

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Comparison of Adult and Pediatric Cochlear Implant Wound Complications: A Meta‐Analysis via The Laryngoscope The objective of this study is to compare age-related differences in wound complications following cochlear implantation (CI). CI wound complication rates reported in the literature are low; however, adults have a higher risk of these complications than pediatric patients. The reported complication rate in elderly adults is low. Objective To compare age-related differences in wound complications following cochlear implantation (CI). Methods We performed a systematic review of PubMed, Cochrane Database, and Web of Science databases to identify original research evaluating the patient-level factors (demographics and medical history) associated with wound complications following CI. Outcomes were expressed as relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals using the inverse variance method. Studies without comparison groups were described qualitatively. Results Thirty-eight studies representing 21,838 cochlear implantations were included. The rate of wound complications ranges from 0% to 22%. Patient age (adult versus pediatric) was the only factor with comparison groups appropriate for meta-analysis. The 10 studies (n = 9547 CI's) included in the meta-analysis demonstrated that adults had a higher incidence of overall wound complications (2.94%) than in children (2.44%) (RR 1.31, 95% CI 1.01–1.69). Adults had a higher incidence of general/unclassified wound complications (2.07%) than in children (1.34%) (RR 1.68, 95% CI 1.12–2.52). There was no difference between adults and children for specific complications such as hematoma, infection, or seroma. Elderly patients (over age 75) have wound complication rates that range from 1% to 4%. No studies contained comparison groups regarding other patient-level factors and CI wound complications. Conclusion CI wound complication rates reported in the literature are low; however, adults have a higher risk of these complications than pediatric patients. The reported complication rate in elderly adults is low. There is a gap in CI research in consistently reporting wound complications and rigorous research investigating the impact of patient-level factors and wound complications. Level of Evidence Not applicable Laryngoscope, 2022 View on Web

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Pharmacological and clinical monitoring in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with a biogeneric PEG‐l‐asparaginase product

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Pharmacological and clinical monitoring in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with a biogeneric PEG‐l‐asparaginase product via Pediatric Blood & Cancer Abstract Background l-Asparaginase (ASP) plays a crucial role in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Currently, different ASP products are available in the market, including both native and pegylated drugs. Several biogeneric Escherichia coli ASP (GEN-ASP) products have been developed in response to shortages and expensiveness of the native E. coli ASP innovator compounds, but some concerns have been raised about their quality. Recently, a number of generic pegylated ASP products (GEN-PEG-ASP) have been marketed to substitute for the innovator product (PEG-ASP). Methods Clinical courses and serum asparaginase activity (SAA) levels were monitored in 12 children with ALL, who were treated in our institution with two doses of a GEN-PEG-ASP product, given IV at 2500 IU/m2 during the remission induction phase. Results were compared with those obtained in a reference cohort of 35 patients treated in our institution, who received the innovator PEG-ASP product at same dosage and within the same chemotherapy background. Results Compared to the reference cohort treated with PEG-ASP, SAA levels were significantly lower in the 12 patients receiving GEN-PEG-ASP (p < .0001); a higher proportion of ASP-associated hypersensitivity reactions (2/12 vs. 0/35; p = .061) and silent inactivation (3/12 vs. 0/35; p = .014) were observed in comparison with the reference cohort. Conclusions Our results highlighted different pharmacological profiles and different rates of hypersensitivity reactions and silent inactivation in the GEN-PEG-ASP cohort compared to those treated with the innovator product. Our findings suggest that a rigorous clinical attention and a thorough pharmacological monitoring are advisable in patients treated with GEN-PEG-ASP products. View on Web

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