Clinical features of otolith organ-specific vestibular dysfunction

The vestibular end organs consist of three semicircular canals (SCCs) and two otolith organs in each ear. The main symptom caused by dysfunction of the SCCs, which sense rotatory accelerations, is considered to be rotatory vertigo. Acute unilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction such as vestibular neuritis (VN) causes rotatory vertigo, and the diagnosis of VN requires the objective analysis of canal paresis, which is generally assessed by tests of lateral SCC function, such as caloric testing and/or the horizontal head impulse test (HIT) (Halmagyi et al., 1988; Weber et al., 2009).

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