Intraoperative Techniques for the Plastic Surgeon to Improve Pain Control in Breast Surgery

Summary: In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis placed on reducing length of hospital stay and health costs associated with breast surgery. Adequate pain control is an essential component of enhanced recovery after surgery. Postoperative pain management strategies include use of narcotic analgesia, non-narcotic analgesia, and local anesthetics. However, these forms of pain control have relatively brief durations of action and multiple-associated side effects. Intraoperative regional blocks have been effectively utilized in other areas of surgery but have been understudied in breast surgery. The aim of this article was to review various intraoperative techniques for regional anesthesia and local pain control in breast surgery and to highlight areas of future technique development. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. Published online 15 November 2017. Received for publication July 19, 2017; accepted August 21,2017. Disclosure: The authors have no financial interest to declare in relation to the content of this article. The Article Processing Charge was paid for by the authors. Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Clickable URL citations appear in the text. Andrew A. Gassman, MD, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Temple University Hospital, 3401 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140, E-mail: Andrew.Gassman@tuhs.temple.edu Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. All rights reserved.

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