Impact of Smoking on the Ocular Surface, Tear Function, and Tear Osmolarity.

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Impact of Smoking on the Ocular Surface, Tear Function, and Tear Osmolarity.

Curr Eye Res. 2017 Dec;42(12):1585-1589

Authors: Aktaş S, Tetikoğlu M, Koçak A, Kocacan M, Aktaş H, Sağdık HM, Özcura F

Abstract
PURPOSE: This study evaluated the effects of cigarette smoking on the ocular surface, tear function, and tear osmolarity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 50 smokers with at least 5 years of heavy smoking (defined as 1 pack/day) and 51 nonsmoking, healthy individuals were enrolled. Tear osmolarity was measured with an osmometer (TearLab™ Osmolarity System). Ocular surface examinations involved corneal fluorescein staining, measurement of the tear film breakup time (TBUT), the Schirmer 1 test, measurement of corneal sensitivity with a Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer, and conjunctival impression cytology. Dry eye symptoms were scored using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. The results were compared with those from an age and sex-matched control group. The Chi-squared and independent sample t-tests were used for statistical analyses.
RESULTS: The smokers had significantly higher tear osmolarity values (305.38 ± 9.81 vs. 301.14 ± 7.04 mOsm/L; p = 0.014) and OSDI scores (34.13 ± 16.58 vs. 18.09 ± 9.61; p < 0.001) than the healthy controls. However, the TBUT, corneal sensitivity, and goblet cell density were significantly lower in smokers compared to healthy controls, but the fluorescein staining and Schirmer 1 test results were not statistically different between the smokers and controls.
CONCLUSION: Smoking results in increased osmolarity of the tear film, which can damage the ocular surface and tear function.

PMID: 28937831 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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