Abstract
Currently, the clinical factors affecting immune responses to influenza vaccines have not been systematically explored. The mechanism of low responsiveness to influenza vaccination (LRIV) is complicated and not thoroughly elucidated. Thus, we integrate our in-house genome-wide association studies (GWAS) analysis result of LRIV (N = 111, Ncase [Low Responders] = 34, Ncontrol [Responders] = 77) with the GWAS summary of 10 blood-based biomarkers (sample size ranging from 62,076 to 108,794) deposited in BioBank Japan (BBJ) to comprehensively explore the shared genetics between LRIV and blood-based biomarkers to investigate the causal relationships between blood-based biomarkers and LRIV by Mendelian randomization (MR). The applications of four MR approaches (inverse-variance-weighted (IVW), weighted median, weighted mode, and generalized summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (GSMR)) suggested that the genetically instrumented LRIV was associated with decreased eosinophil count (� � = -5.517 to -4.422, p-value = 0.004 to 0.039). Finally, we conclude that the low level of eosinophil count is a suggestive risk factor for LRIV.
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