Evaluation of the ceramic liner bonding effect between zirconia and lithium disilicate

Publication date: Available online 15 March 2018
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Sung-Hoon Kim, Chan-Jin Park, Lee-Ra Cho, Yoon-Hyuk Huh
Statement of problemLittle information is available for the strength of bonding between zirconia and lithium disilicate as affected by surface pretreatment methods.PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the shear bond strength (SBS) between zirconia core and lithium disilicate (LS2) veneered ceramic after surface pretreatments.Material and methodsFully sintered yttrium oxide partially stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) disk specimens were fabricated from zirconia ceramic materials. Specimens were divided into 4 groups with surface pretreatments applied (the as-received group, the liner group, the airborne-particle abrasion group, and the airborne-particle abrasion-plus-liner group). After pressing LS2 on a zirconia disk, shear force was applied perpendicular to the zirconia-LS2 interface. Data were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA and Tukey test (α=.05). For each group, the failure modes were measured by using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction.ResultsAirborne-particle abrasion induced significantly lower interfacial strength between zirconia and lithium disilicate (P<.05). After airborne-particle abrasion of the surface, the increased monoclinic volume fraction and reduced coefficient of thermal expansion of zirconia may weaken the interfacial strength between zirconia and LS2. The liner treatment significantly improved the adhesion between zirconia core and veneering LS2 (P<.05). The SBS values decreased in the following order: liner group > airborne-particle abrasion-plus-liner group > airborne-particle abrasion group. The interfacial image of zirconia and LS2 showed a fusion of crystal structure between the 2 materials. Some components of the silica-containing glass-ceramic liner led to an increase in SBS as diffusion occurred on the zirconia surface.ConclusionsThe bond strength between zirconia and veneering LS2 was significantly increased by application of silica-containing glass-ceramic liner but was decreased with airborne-particle abrasion.



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Using a secondary impression with a resin index to correct an RPD definitive cast

Publication date: Available online 15 March 2018
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Won-suk Oh, Ju-mi Park




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Prosthetic rehabilitation for a patient treated for embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

Publication date: Available online 15 March 2018
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Korbinian Benz, Carla Kozmacs, Andree Piwowarczyk, Jochen Jackowski
A female patient, now aged 17 years, was diagnosed with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in the right pterygopalatine fossa when she was 3 years old. The RMS was successfully treated by excision, but the subsequent radiation and polychemotherapy resulted in the complete anesthesia of the distribution area of the right trigeminal nerve and loss of vision in the right eye. The patient also experienced pain in the mandibular joints and masticatory muscles. Panoramic radiographs displayed a multiple agenesia of the permanent teeth and underdeveloped apices. Treatment involved the fabrication of a complete maxillary denture. A removable device was fabricated to evaluate her response to an occlusal vertical dimension increase of 6 mm and provide a stable intercuspal position. After wearing the prosthesis for 6 months, the patient reported that she was completely free of symptoms.



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Correction to: RHBDD1 promotes colorectal cancer metastasis through the Wnt signaling pathway and its downstream target ZEB1

In the publication of this article [1], there is an error in the Methods section at paragraph Cell culture and reagents and the Additional file2: Fig. S1 was erroneous linked.

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Quick Take: Examining pediatric intubation

DALLAS — At the 20th EMS State of the Science, a Gathering of Eagles Conference, RJ Frascone, medical director for Regions Hospital EMS in Minnesota asked the audience whether or not it's important to intubate kids, particularly those that are not in cardiac arrest. Frascone discussed his agency's experiences involving pediatric intubation as the organization switched from direct laryngoscope ...

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Primary failure of eruption (PFE): a systematic review

Primary failure of eruption (PFE) is a rare disease defined as incomplete tooth eruption despite the presence of a clear eruption pathway. Orthodontic extrusion is not feasible in this case because it results ...

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Breast cancer brain metastasis: molecular mechanisms and directions for treatment

Abstract

The development of brain metastasis (BM) of breast cancer is usually a late event with deleterious effect on the prognosis. Treatment options for intracerebral seeding of breast cancer are limited and so far, non-specific. Molecular detailing of subsequent events of penetration, seeding and outgrowth in brain is highly relevant for developing therapeutic strategies to treat, or prevent, BM.We scrutinize recent literature for molecules and pathways that are operative in the formation of breast cancer BM. We also summarize current data on therapeutic efforts to specifically address BM of breast cancer. Data on molecular pathways underlying the formation of BM of breast cancer are sketchy and to some extent inconsistent. The molecular make-up of BM differs from that of the primary tumors, and also from metastases at other sites. Current efforts to treat breast cancer BM are limited and drugs used have proven effects on the primary tumors but lack specificity for the intracerebral tumors.More basic research is necessary to better characterize BM of breast cancer. Apart from the identification of drug targets defined by the intracerebral tumors, also targets in the molecular pathways involved in passing the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) and intracerebral tumor cell (TC) growth should be revealed.

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Online advertising and marketing claims by providers of proton beam therapy: are they guideline-based?

Cancer patients frequently search the Internet for treatment options, and hospital websites are seen as reliable sources of knowledge. Guidelines support the use of proton radiotherapy in specific disease site...

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Epidemiology of asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap (ACO)

Publication date: Available online 15 March 2018
Source:Allergology International
Author(s): Akifumi Uchida, Kohta Sakaue, Hiromasa Inoue
The term "asthma-COPD overlap" (ACO) has been applied to the condition in which a person has persistent airflow limitation with clinical features of both asthma and COPD. The certain definition and diagnostic criteria for ACO have not yet been established, and ACO prevalence has varied widely in studies: from 0.9% to 11.1% in the general population, from 11.1% to 61.0% in asthma patients, and from 4.2% to 66.0% in COPD patients. Furthermore, the frequency of exacerbations and prognosis in ACO patients have not been clearly demonstrated. Although ACO consists with several subgroups of patients with distinct clinical and pathophysiological features, it would be important to propose a standardized definition of and/or diagnostic criteria for ACO based on biomarkers and objective measures, even if it is tentative. It may lead cohort studies with large population or clinical trials around the world.



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Asthma and COPD overlap pathophysiology of ACO

Publication date: Available online 15 March 2018
Source:Allergology International
Author(s): Mari Hikichi, Shu Hashimoto, Yasuhiro Gon
Asthma and COPD appear as a result of different mechanisms triggered by different pathogeneses and although they present different features and symptoms of airway inflammation and airway obstruction, there are also cases that present the features of both asthma and COPD. This type of pathology is known as asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS). Asthma-COPD overlap is identified in clinical practice by the features that it shares with both asthma and COPD. This is not a definition, but a description for clinical use, as asthma-COPD overlap includes several different clinical phenotypes and there are likely to be several different underlying mechanisms". In this paper, the disease that shares several features of both asthma and COPD will be referred to as asthma-COPD overlap (ACO). In this article, we describe the pathogenesis of ACO for understanding the mechanism in asthma and COPD overlap.



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The efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy for allergic diseases in Asia

Publication date: Available online 16 March 2018
Source:Allergology International
Author(s): Xuandao Liu, Chew Lip Ng, De Yun Wang
Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) has been proven to be safe and effective from an abundance of Western literature, but data from Asia is less complete. This review aims to examine the basic science, safety and efficacy of SLIT in Asian patients, and to determine future research needs in Asia. We performed a literature search on PUBMED, Scopus, and Cochrane Library database for articles on SLIT originating from Asian countries through Nov 2017. There were 18 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, of which 9 involved solely paediatric subjects. Overall, sublingual immunotherapy is safe and is efficacious in Asian populations in allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma. House dust-mite SLIT is effective in both mono- and polysensitized AR patients. Efficacy of SLIT is comparable to subcutaneous immunotherapy. Data on long term efficacy is lacking. A disproportionate majority of research originates from China and Japan, reflecting an asymmetry of access to SLIT within Asia. Significant disparities exist in the development of the allergy speciality, prescription patterns of SLIT, and pharmacological potencies of different SLIT products within and between Asian nations. We conclude that current available evidence suggests SLIT is efficacious in Asians but data quality of evidence is hampered by non-placebo controlled studies with methodological limitations. More data is needed in South and Southeast Asian populations. Future efforts may be directed towards improving access to SLIT in developing countries, standardization of SLIT dosage, and evaluating long term clinical outcomes.



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Retrospective dosimetry study of intensity-modulated radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: measurement-guided dose reconstruction and analysis

Conventional phantom-based planar dosimetry (2D-PBD) quality assurance (QA) using gamma pass rate (GP (%)) is inadequate to reflect clinically relevant dose error in intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT...

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In silico assessment of the dosimetric quality of a novel, automated radiation treatment planning strategy for linac-based radiosurgery of multiple brain metastases and a comparison with robotic methods

To appraise the dosimetric features and the quality of the treatment plan for radiosurgery of multiple brain metastases optimized with a novel automated engine and to compare with plans optimized for robotic-b...

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Recurrent sampling and ventriculostomy-associated infections: a case-control study.

Recurrent sampling and ventriculostomy-associated infections: a case-control study.

Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2018 Mar 14;:

Authors: Thompson DR, Vlachos S, Patel S, Innocent S, Tolias C, Barkas K

Abstract
BACKGROUND: External ventricular drain (EVD) insertion is a common neurosurgical procedure with a significant risk of ventriculostomy-associated infections (VAIs), other morbidities and mortality. Several risk factors have been identified but their effect is unclear.
OBJECTIVE: Our primary objective was to assess whether recurrent EVD sampling increased the risk of VAIs. The secondary objective was to explore the effect of sampling frequency, duration of EVD stay, presence of cerebrospinal fluid leak and concurrent infections.
METHODS: Ours was a retrospective, single-centre, age-matched, case control study of 83 patients and 249 controls who underwent EVD insertion between 1 January 2010 - 31 December 2016. Patients with primary CNS infections, age under 1 year and death within 5 days of EVD insertion were excluded. Blinded abstractors collected all patient data through the electronic patient record system and regression analysis was used to compare the two groups.
RESULTS: Sampling the EVD more than once did not increase the risk of infection (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.27-0.83, p = 0.01). Risk factors significantly associated with VAI included CSF leak (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.16-3.67, p = 0.01), concurrent infection (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.09-3.16, p = 0.02), and an EVD duration of >10 days (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.24-4.18, p = 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Our findings do not support the notion that increased sampling of EVDs is associated with a higher risk of VAI. CSF leaks, concurrent infection and long-term EVDs are also statistically significant risk factors for infection.

PMID: 29541885 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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A dural metastatic small cell carcinoma of the gallbladder as the first manifestation: a case report

Abstract

Background

A dural metastasis is one of the essential differential diagnoses of meningioma. In general, carcinomas of the breast and lung in females and prostate in males have been the most commonly reported primary lesions of dural metastases. However, dural metastasis of gallbladder carcinoma is extremely rare. Here, we report a unique case of a dural matter metastasis of gallbladder carcinoma as the first manifestation, which was autopsy-defined as small cell carcinoma.

Case presentation

A 78-year-old man came to our hospital complaining of left hemianopia. Brain computed tomography (CT) revealed a sizeable parasagittal dural-based extra-axial tumor. However, the findings for meningioma were atypical by magnetic resonance imaging, suggesting a meningioma mimic. A contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen revealed a large gallbladder carcinoma. The patient opted for the best supportive care and died 2 months later. The post-mortem examination revealed small cell carcinoma in gallbladder carcinoma. Moreover, an immunologically similar carcinoma was detected in the dural metastasis.

Conclusions

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a dural metastasis of gallbladder small cell carcinoma. A systemic examination is essential for clinicians when atypical findings of meningioma are observed, suggesting a meningioma mimic. We present this rare case with a review of the literature.

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Evaluation of EMG pattern recognition for upper limb prosthesis control: a case study in comparison with direct myoelectric control

Although electromyogram (EMG) pattern recognition (PR) for multifunctional upper limb prosthesis control has been reported for decades, the clinical benefits have rarely been examined. The study purposes were ...

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Health seeking behavior and its determinants for cervical cancer among women of childbearing age in Hossana Town, Hadiya zone, Southern Ethiopia: community based cross sectional study

Abstract

Background

Cervical cancer is one of the most easily preventable forms of female cancers if early screening and diagnosis is made. Low awareness level about the disease and risk factors, beliefs about the disease, poor access to preventive services, affordability of the service and current health service system can influence decision to seek health care services for cervical cancer. The objective of this study was to determine health seeking behaviour and determinant factors for cervical cancer in Hossana town.

Methods

Our study was carried out in Hossana town using community based cross-sectional study design. The study population was women of childbearing age (15–49 years) who had the chance of being randomly selected from the source population. Five hundred ninety five women of childbearing age were included in the study. Systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the study units. Structured and pretested questionnaire was used to collect the data. The collected data were cleaned and entered by EPI info version 3.5.4 and analysed by SPSS version 16. We considered P-value < 0.05 to decide statistically significant association between the independent and dependent variables.

Results

The prevalence of health seeking behaviour for cervical cancer among the study participants was only 14.2%. Respondents' poor knowledge [AOR: 7.25, 95% CI: (1.87, 28.08)], not ever received information [AOR: 52.03, 95% CI: (13.77, 196.52)] and not actively searching information about cervical cancer [AOR: 14.23, (95%CI: (3.49, 57.95)] were significantly associated factors with not seeking health for prevention and control of cervical cancer.

Conclusion

The prevalence of health seeking behaviour for cervical cancer is low. Respondent' poor knowledge, not ever received information, and not actively searching information about cervical cancer are significantly associated with not seeking health for cervical cancer prevention and control. This study stressed the importance of increasing knowledge, promoting active search of health information and experiences of receiving information from different sources regarding health seeking behaviour.

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Cancer awareness among community pharmacist: a systematic review

Abstract

Background

The WHO recognises that community pharmacists are the most accessible healthcare professionals to the general public. Most patients regularly visit community pharmacies for health information and also seek advice from pharmacists with respect to signs and symptoms of cancer. As readily accessible health care professionals, community pharmacists are also in the best position to include cancer-screening initiatives into their practice. Pharmacists are therefore in a good position to raise awareness when they counsel people who buy over-the-counter medication for the control of possible cancer-related symptoms. The aim of this review was to critically appraise evidence gathered from studies that; (1) explore or assess knowledge of community pharmacist on signs and symptoms of cancer, (2) explore or assess knowledge of community pharmacist on cancer screening.

Methods

EMBASE (ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost) and MEDLINE (EBSCOhost) were systematically searched for studies conducted between 2005 to July 2017. Studies that focused on knowledge of community pharmacist in cancer screening, signs and symptoms were included.

Results

A total of 1538 articles were identified from the search, of which 4 out of the 28 potentially relevant abstracts were included in the review. Findings of the selected studies revealed lack of sufficient knowledge on breast cancer screening, signs and symptoms. Both studies attributed knowledge limitation as the cause of reason for the key findings of their studies.

Conclusion

The selected studies focused largely on breast cancer, which hinder the generalizability and transferability of the findings. Hence there is a need for more studies to be conducted in this area to draw a better conclusion.

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Ethics in publication, part 2: duplicate publishing, salami slicing, and large retrospective multicenter case series

The goals of scientific publishing—to advance our knowledge of disease mechanisms and treatments—sometimes come into conflict with the professional and personal benefits of publishing. Authors may feel pressure to publish as many scientific articles as possible to advance their careers and reputations. It is the role of journal editors to ensure that scientific articles minimize this conflict by ensuring that each provides a "substantial new contribution to their field."1

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A survey of subjective constipation in Parkinson’s disease patients in shanghai and literature review

Constipation is one of the most frequent non-motor symptoms (NMS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) and the prevalence of constipation in PD patients varies among different studies. We designed this study to survey ...

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Clinical and radiological factors associated with unfavorable outcome after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with mild ischemic stroke

A significant proportion of patients with mild ischemic stroke become disabled despite receiving intravenous thrombolytic therapy. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical and radiological factors ...

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Paediatric asthma treatment: what to do when international guidelines' recommendations don't agree?

Publication date: Available online 15 March 2018
Source:Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
Author(s): Désirée E.S. Larenas Linnemann, Margarita Fernández Vega, Jorge Agustín Luna Pech, Jimena Villaverde Rosas, José Antonio Ortega Martell, Blanca Estela del Río Navarro, María del Carmen Cano Salas, Jade Romero Lombard, Erika del Carmen López Estrada, Monica Rodriguez-González, José Luis Mayorga Butrón, Jorge Salas Hernández, Juan Carlos Vázquez García, Ignacio Ortiz Aldana, Mario Humberto Vargas Becerra, Martín Bedolla Barajas, Noel Rodríguez Pérez, Ambrocio Aguilar Aranda, Carlos Adrián Jiménez González, Carlos García Bolaños, Claudia Garrido Galindo, David Alejandro Mendoza Hernández, Enrique Mendoza López, Gerardo López Pérez, Guillermo Hideo Wakida Kuzonoki, Héctor Hernán Ruiz Gutiérrez, Héctor León Molina, Héctor Martínez de la Lanza, Héctor Stone Aguilar, Javier Gómez Vera, Jorge Olvera Salinas, José Joel Oyoqui Flores, José Luis Gálvez Romero, José Santos Lozano Saenz, Juan Ignacio Salgado Gama, Marcos Alejandro Jiménez Chobillon, Martha Angélica García Avilés, Martha Patricia Guinto Balanzar, Miguel Alejandro Medina Ávalos, Robert Camargo Angeles, Rogelio García Torrentera, Saraí Toral Freyre, Gabriel Montes Narvaez, Héctor Solorio Gómez, Juan Rosas Peña, Sergio Jesús Romero Tapia, Adela Reyes Herrera, Francisco Cuevas Schacht, Joaquín Esquer Flores, José Antonio Sacre Hazouri, Lorenzo Compean Martínez, Pablo Julián Medina Sánchez, Sergio Garza Salinas, Carlos Baez Loyola, Iraís Romero Alvarado, José Luis Miguel Reyes, Laura Elizabeth Huerta Espinosa, Manuel Ángel Correa Flores, Ricardo Castro Martínez




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Systematic review of professional liability when prescribing beta-lactams for patients with a known penicillin allergy

Publication date: Available online 15 March 2018
Source:Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
Author(s): Meghan N. Jeffres, Elizabeth A. Hall-Lipsy, S. Travis King, John D. Cleary
ObjectiveTo describe medical negligence and malpractice cases in which a patient with a known penicillin allergy received a beta-lactam and experienced an adverse reaction related to the beta-lactam.Data SourcesLexis-Nexus, Westlaw, and Google Scholar were searched.Study SelectionsMedical negligence and malpractice cases were eligible for inclusion if they met the following criteria: the plaintiff had a known penicillin allergy, received a beta-lactam, and experienced an adverse event. All United States federal and state cases were eligible.ResultsTwenty-seven unique cases met inclusion criteria. Eighteen cases involved the receipt of a penicillin-based antibiotic; of these cases with a known legal outcome, the plaintiff (patient or representative) prevailed or settled in three cases and defendants (providers) prevailed in seven cases. Seven cases involved the receipt of a cephalosporin; of these cases with a known legal outcome, the plaintiff settled with physicians prior to trial in one case and defendants prevailed in three cases. Two cases involved the receipt of a carbapenem. Defendants prevailed in one case and the legal outcome of the other case is unknown. In cases where the defense successfully moved for summary judgment, judges cited a lack of scientific evidence demonstrating a cephalosporin or carbapenem was contraindicated for a patient with a penicillin allergy.ConclusionThe cases with published legal outcomes found limited professional liability for clinicians who prescribed either cephalosporins or carbapenems to a patient with a known penicillin allergy. These results may decrease the litigation fears of providers and risk managers within healthcare systems.



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Utilizing clinical pathways and web-based conferences to improve quality of care in a large integrated network using breast cancer radiation therapy as the model

Abstract

Background

Clinical pathways outline criteria for dose homogeneity and critical organ dosimetry. Based upon an internal audit showing suboptimal compliance with dosimetric parameters in whole breast irradiation (WBI), we conducted a mandatory web-based teaching conference for the network. This study reports the impact of this initiative on subsequent treatment plans.

Methods

Radiation treatment plans were collected for the 10 most recent patients receiving WBI at 16 institutions within the UPMC Hillman Cancer Center network. Subsequently, a web-based conference was conducted to educate staff physicians, physicists, and dosimetrists with goals for dose homogeneity and critical organ dosimetry. Six months post-conference, another 10 plans were collected from each site and compared to pre-conference plans for deviations from dosimetric criteria.

Results

Dose homogeneity significantly improved after the conference with breast V_105% decreasing from 15.6% to 11.2% (p = 0.004) and breast V_110% decreasing from 1.3% to 0.04% (p = 0.008). A higher percentage of cases were compliant with dosimetric criteria, with breast V_105% > 20% decreasing from 22.5% to 7.5% of cases (p = 0.0002) and breast V_110% > 0% decreasing from 13.8% to 4.4% of cases (p = 0.003).

Conclusions

Implementation of a web-based teaching conference helped improve adherence to clinical pathway dosimetric guidelines for WBI. In radiation oncology networks, this may be an effective model to ensure quality in routine practice and can be extrapolated to other disease sites.

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Odour assessment in the vicinity of a pig-fatting farm using field inspections (EN 16841-1) and dispersion modelling

Publication date: May 2018
Source:Atmospheric Environment, Volume 181
Author(s): Dietmar Oettl, Michael Kropsch, Michael Mandl
The assessment of odour annoyance varies vastly among countries even within the European Union. Using so-called odour-hour frequencies offers the distinct possibility for either applying dispersion models or field inspections, both generally assumed to be equivalent. In this study, odour-hours based on field inspections according to the European standard EN 16841-1 (2017) in the vicinity of a pig-fattening farm have been compared with modelled ones using the Lagrangian particle model GRAL, which uses odour-concentration variances for computing odour hours as recently proposed by Oettl and Ferrero (2017). Using a threshold of 1 ou m⁻³ (ou = odour units) for triggering odour hours in the model, as prescribed by the German guideline for odour assessment, led to reasonable agreements between the two different methodologies. It is pointed out that the individual odour sensitivity of qualified panel members, who carry out field inspections, is of crucial importance for selecting a proper odour-hour model. Statistical analysis of a large number of data stemming from dynamic olfactometry (EN 13725, 2003), that cover a wide range of odorants, suggests that the prescribed method in Germany for modelling odour hours may likely result in an overestimation, and hence, equivalence with field inspections is not given. The dataset is freely available on request.



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Historical sources of black carbon identified by PAHs and δ13C in Sanjiang Plain of Northeastern China

Publication date: May 2018
Source:Atmospheric Environment, Volume 181
Author(s): Chuanyu Gao, Hanxiang Liu, Jinxin Cong, Dongxue Han, Winston Zhao, Qianxin Lin, Guoping Wang
Black carbon (BC), the byproduct of incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass can be stored in soil for a long time and potentially archive changes in natural and human activities. Increasing amounts of BC has been produced from human activities during the past 150 years and has influenced global climate change and carbon cycle. Identifying historical BC sources is important in knowing how historical human activities influenced BC and BC transportation processes in the atmosphere. In this study, PAH components and δ¹³C-BC in peatland in the Sanjiang Plain were used for identifying and verifying regional BC sources during the last 150 years. Results showed that environment-unfriendly industry developed at the end of the 1950s produced a great amount of BC and contributed the most BC in this period. In other periods, however, BC in the Sanjiang Plain was mainly produced from incomplete biomass burning before the 1990s; particularly, slash-and-burn of pastures and forests during regional reclamation periods between the 1960s and 1980s produced a huge amount of biomass burning BC, which then deposited into the surrounding ecosystems. With the regional reclamation decreasing and environment-friendly industry developing, the proportion of BC emitted and deposited from transportation sources increased and transportation source became an important BC source in the Sanjiang Plain after the 1990s.

Graphical abstract

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Estimating PM2.5 speciation concentrations using prototype 4.4 km-resolution MISR aerosol properties over Southern California

Publication date: May 2018
Source:Atmospheric Environment, Volume 181
Author(s): Xia Meng, Michael J. Garay, David J. Diner, Olga V. Kalashnikova, Jin Xu, Yang Liu
Research efforts to better characterize the differential toxicity of PM2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameters less than or equal to 2.5 μm) speciation are often hindered by the sparse or non-existent coverage of ground monitors. The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) aboard NASA's Terra satellite is one of few satellite aerosol sensors providing information of aerosol shape, size and extinction globally for a long and continuous period that can be used to estimate PM2.5 speciation concentrations since year 2000. Currently, MISR only provides a 17.6 km product for its entire mission with global coverage every 9 days, a bit too coarse for air pollution health effects research and to capture local spatial variability of PM2.5 speciation. In this study, generalized additive models (GAMs) were developed using MISR prototype 4.4 km-resolution aerosol data with meteorological variables and geographical indicators, to predict ground-level concentrations of PM2.5 sulfate, nitrate, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in Southern California between 2001 and 2015 at the daily level. The GAMs are able to explain 66%, 62%, 55% and 58% of the daily variability in PM2.5 sulfate, nitrate, OC and EC concentrations during the whole study period, respectively. Predicted concentrations capture large regional patterns as well as fine gradients of the four PM2.5 species in urban areas of Los Angeles and other counties, as well as in the Central Valley. This study is the first attempt to use MISR prototype 4.4 km-resolution AOD (aerosol optical depth) components data to predict PM2.5 sulfate, nitrate, OC and EC concentrations at the sub-regional scale. In spite of its low temporal sampling frequency, our analysis suggests that the MISR 4.4 km fractional AODs provide a promising way to capture the spatial hotspots and long-term temporal trends of PM2.5 speciation, understand the effectiveness of air quality controls, and allow our estimated PM2.5 speciation data to be linked with common spatial units such as census tract or zip code in epidemiological studies. This modeling strategy needs to be validated in other regions when more MISR 4.4 km data becoming available in the future.

Graphical abstract

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Soft Tissue Changes Following Combined Anterior Segmental Bimaxillary Orthognathic Procedures

Abstract

Aims & objectives

To analyze the soft tissue response in patients treated by combined anterior segmental bimaxillary procedures.

Methods

A  Prospective, observational and analytical study was carried out for a period of 2 years involving 37 patients with predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria; lateral cephalograms were taken by the same operator on the standardized unit immediately before and 6 months after surgery; hard and soft tissue landmarks were measured in millimeters to both horizontal and vertical reference lines; any differences in distances were recorded as a surgical change; appropriate statistical test was carried; level of significance was p < 0.05.

Results

All patients underwent anterior maxillary osteotomy with 34 anterior mandibular osteotomies, 2 advancement genioplasties and 1 reduction genioplasty. Analysis showed significant angular, horizontal and vertical change. The significant differences in skeletal variables were observed in N–Pg distance, overjet, overbite, U1–NF angle, L1–Mp angle and soft tissue variables like labiomental angle, upper–lower lip protrusion, upper–lower lip length and lower incisor to labrale inferius distance. Nasolabial angle, interlabial gap and upper incisor exposure were extremely significant.

Conclusion

Soft tissue response to surgery is perhaps more predictable after 6 months, so this may be a treatment modality of choice in adult bimaxillary/dentoalveolar protrusion patients who need instant esthetic facial results.

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Pilot Single-Blind Trial of AbobotulinumtoxinA in Oromandibular Dystonia.

Pilot Single-Blind Trial of AbobotulinumtoxinA in Oromandibular Dystonia.

Neurotherapeutics. 2018 Mar 14;:

Authors: Scorr LM, Silver MR, Hanfelt J, Sperin E, Freeman A, Jinnah HA, Factor SA

Abstract
Oromandibular dystonia (OMD) causes involuntary movements of masticatory and lingual muscles impairing eating, speaking, and swallowing. Treatment options are limited. The objective of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of abobotulinumtoxinA (aboBoNTA) in OMD. A dose-finding study (phase 1) followed by a single session, prospective, single-blind trial (phase 2) was carried out. OMD subjects were evaluated at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks. Muscles injected were tailored to individual symptoms using EMG guidance, but the aboBoNTA dose for each muscle was pre-specified based on phase 1 results. Evaluations were Global Dystonia Rating Scale (GDS), Unified Dystonia Rating Scale (UDRS), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) improvement and severity, and quality of life (OMDQ-25). Adverse events were monitored. The lowest dosage in phase 1 resulted in adverse effects in two of three patients and thus was used in phase 2. In phase 2, adverse effects were observed in 50% of subjects including dysphagia, voice change, and soft palate weakness. Most were mild. Significant improvement was seen in quality of life (OMDQ-25), speech (BFMq21), and change in GDS, UDRS, CGI severity assessed by the unblinded investigator, but not in blinded video ratings. We conclude that aboBoNTA therapy in this study was associated with improved quality of life and was generally well tolerated in OMD, but occurrence of dysphagia dictated the importance of using low genioglossus dosing. Face to face assessment appears to be more sensitive than video assessment for change in OMD severity. Consideration of the disability in OMD places constraints on traditional placebo-control trial design. Development of novel trial designs is warranted.

PMID: 29542022 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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The Lidcombe Program and child language development: Long-term assessment.

The Lidcombe Program and child language development: Long-term assessment.

Clin Linguist Phon. 2018 Mar 15;:1-16

Authors: Imeson J, Lowe R, Onslow M, Munro N, Heard R, O'Brian S, Arnott S

Abstract
This study was driven by the need to understand the mechanisms underlying Lidcombe Program treatment efficacy. The aim of the present study was to extend existing data exploring whether stuttering reductions observed when children successfully treated with the Lidcombe Program are associated with restricted language development. Audio recordings of 10-min parent-child conversations at home were transcribed verbatim for 11 pre-school-age children with various stuttering severities. Language samples from three assessments-pre-treatment, 9 and 18 months after beginning treatment-were analysed using SALT software for lexical diversity, utterance length and sentence complexity. At 18 months posttreatment commencement, the children had attained and maintained statistically significant stuttering reductions. During that period, there was no evidence that Lidcombe Program treatment was associated with restricted language development. The continued search for the mechanisms underlying this successful treatment needs to focus on other domains.

PMID: 29543506 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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HearNPV Pseudotyped with PIF1, 2, and 3 from MabrNPV: Infectivity and Complex Stability

Abstract

Effective oral infection is set off by interaction of a group of conserved per os infectivity factors (PIFs) with larval midgut columnar epithelial cells. We constructed pseudotyped viruses by substituting pif1, pif2 or pif3 genes of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) with their homologs from Mamestra bracissae multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus and tested their infectivity to tissue culture cells and to larvae. Transfection and infection assays revealed that all recombinant viruses generated infectious budded virus in both cell culture and in larvae. Electron microscopy showed synthesized occlusion body and occlusion derived virus (ODV) were morphologically indistinguishable from those of the parental virus. By contrast, feeding assays revealed that pseudotyped viruses could not rescue oral infectivity except for pif3 pseudotyped virus that only partially rescued oral infectivity but at a mortality rate much lower than that of the parental HearNPV. Consistent with the bioassay result, PIF complex was detected in ODVs of pif3 pseudotyped virus only but not in pif1 or pif2 pseudotyped viruses. Our results suggest that PIF complex is essential for oral infectivity, and in the formation of the PIF complex, PIF1, 2 are virus-specific while PIF3 does not appear to be as specific and can function in heterologous environment, albeit to a much more limited extent.

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Taking it in the Chin: Vitamin K1 for the Prevention of Acneiform Rash

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Quantifying Anatomic Deformations During Laryngoscopy.

Quantifying Anatomic Deformations During Laryngoscopy.

Ann Biomed Eng. 2018 Mar 14;:

Authors: Wu X, Paydarfar JA, Halter RJ

Abstract
For a variety of head and neck cancers, specifically those of the oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx, minimally invasive trans-oral approaches have been developed to reduce perioperative and long-term morbidity. However, in trans-oral surgical approaches anatomical deformation due to instrumentation, specifically placement of laryngoscopes and retractors, present a significant challenge for surgeons relying on preoperative imaging to resect tumors to negative margins. Quantifying the deformation due to instrumentation is needed in order to develop predictive models of operative deformation. In order to study this deformation, we used a CT/MR-compatible laryngoscopy system in concert with intraoperative CT imaging. 3D models of preoperative and intraoperative anatomy were generated. Mandible and hyoid displacements as well as tongue deformations were quantified for eight patients undergoing diagnostic laryngoscopy. Across patients, we found on average 1.3 cm of displacement for these anatomic structures due to laryngoscope insertion. On average, the maximum displacement for certain tongue regions exceeded 4 cm. The anatomical deformations quantified here can serve as a reference for describing how the upper aerodigestive tract anatomy changes during instrumentation and may be helpful in developing predictive models of intraoperative upper aerodigestive tract deformation.

PMID: 29542051 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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PRR4: A novel downregulated gene in laryngeal cancer.

PRR4: A novel downregulated gene in laryngeal cancer.

Oncol Lett. 2018 Apr;15(4):4669-4675

Authors: Ekizoglu S, Ulutin T, Guliyev J, Buyru N

Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are a diverse group of tumor types, including neoplasia of the paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, trachea, pharynx and larynx. Laryngeal cancer is the most common type of HNSCC. The proline-rich 4 (PRR4) protein is synthesized in the acinar cells of human lacrimal glands. Previous studies have demonstrated that PRR4 may function as an antimicrobial protein protecting the ocular surface and the oral cavity. In order to determine differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in laryngeal tumors, a GeneFishing Assay was performed; 27 DEGs were identified. The PRR4 gene expression level in laryngeal tissue samples obtained from 90 patients, and the saliva of 25 healthy smokers and 25 non-smokers, was investigated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. It was revealed that PRR4 gene expression was decreased in 65/90 tumor tissues (72.2%) compared with normal tissues. No significant difference was identified between the healthy smoker and the non-smoker groups in terms of PRR4 gene expression. The results of the present study indicated that the PRR4 gene may serve an important role in laryngeal carcinogenesis.

PMID: 29541239 [PubMed]

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Correction to: RHBDD1 promotes colorectal cancer metastasis through the Wnt signaling pathway and its downstream target ZEB1

Abstract

In the publication of this article [1], there is an error in the Methods section at paragraph Cell culture and reagents and the Additional file2: Fig. S1 was erroneous linked.

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Successful preimplantation genetic diagnosis by targeted next-generation sequencing on an ion torrent personal genome machine platform.

Successful preimplantation genetic diagnosis by targeted next-generation sequencing on an ion torrent personal genome machine platform.

Oncol Lett. 2018 Apr;15(4):4296-4302

Authors: Hao Y, Chen D, Zhang Z, Zhou P, Cao Y, Wei Z, Xu X, Chen B, Zou W, Lv M, Ji D, He X

Abstract
Hearing loss may place a heavy burden on the patient and patient's family. Given the high incidence of hearing loss among newborns and the huge cost of treatment and care (including cochlear implantation), prenatal diagnosis is strongly recommended. Termination of the fetus may be considered as an extreme outcome to the discovery of a potential deaf fetus, and therefore preimplantation genetic diagnosis has become an important option for avoiding the birth of affected children without facing the risk of abortion following prenatal diagnosis. In one case, a couple had a 7-year-old daughter affected by non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss. The affected fetus carried a causative compound heterozygous mutation c.919-2 A>G (IVS7-2 A>G) and c.1707+5 G>A (IVS15+5 G>A) of the solute carrier family 26 member 4 gene inherited from maternal and paternal sides, respectively. The present study applied multiple displacement amplification for whole genome amplification of biopsied trophectoderm cells and next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based single nucleotide polymorphism haplotyping on an Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine. One unaffected embryo was transferred in a frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycle and the patient was impregnated. To conclude, to the best of our knowledge, this may be the first report of NGS-based preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for non-syndromic hearing loss caused by a compound heterozygous mutation using an Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine. NGS provides unprecedented high-throughput, highly parallel and base-pair resolution data for genetic analysis. The method meets the requirements of medium-sized diagnostics laboratories. With decreased costs compared with previous techniques (such as Sanger sequencing), this technique may have potential widespread clinical application in PGD of other types of monogenic disease.

PMID: 29541197 [PubMed]

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MECOM-associated syndrome: a heterogeneous inherited bone marrow failure syndrome with amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia.

MECOM-associated syndrome: a heterogeneous inherited bone marrow failure syndrome with amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia.

Blood Adv. 2018 Mar 27;2(6):586-596

Authors: Germeshausen M, Ancliff P, Estrada J, Metzler M, Ponstingl E, Rütschle H, Schwabe D, Scott RH, Unal S, Wawer A, Zeller B, Ballmaier M

Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in MECOM (MDS1 and EVI1 complex locus) have been reported to be causative of a rare association of congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia and radioulnar synostosis. Here we report on 12 patients with congenital hypomegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia caused by MECOM mutations (including 10 novel mutations). The mutations affected different functional domains of the EVI1 protein. The spectrum of phenotypes was much broader than initially reported for the first 3 patients; we found familial as well as sporadic cases, and the clinical spectrum ranged from isolated radioulnar synostosis with no or mild hematological involvement to severe bone marrow failure without obvious skeletal abnormality. The clinical picture included radioulnar synostosis, bone marrow failure, clinodactyly, cardiac and renal malformations, B-cell deficiency, and presenile hearing loss. No single clinical manifestation was detected in all patients affected by MECOM mutations. Radioulnar synostosis and B-cell deficiency were observed only in patients with mutations affecting a short region in the C-terminal zinc finger domain of EVI1. We propose the term MECOM-associated syndrome for this heterogeneous hereditary disease and inclusion of MECOM sequencing in the diagnostic workup of congenital bone marrow failure.

PMID: 29540340 [PubMed - in process]

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Monitoring gap junctional communication in astrocytes from acute adult mouse brain slices using the gap-FRAP technique

Publication date: Available online 15 March 2018
Source:Journal of Neuroscience Methods
Author(s): Chenju Yi, Jérémy Theillon, Annette Koulakoff, Hugues Berry, Christian Giaume
Intercellular communication through gap junction channels plays a key role in cellular homeostasis and in synchronizing physiological functions, a feature that is modified in number of pathological situations. In the brain, astrocytes are the cell population that expresses the highest amount of gap junction proteins, named connexins. Several techniques have been used to assess the level of gap junctional communication in astrocytes, but so far they remain very difficult to apply in adult brain tissue. Here, using specific loading of astrocytes with sulforhodamine 101, we adapted the gap-FRAP (Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching) to acute hippocampal slices from 9 month-old adult mice. We show that gap junctional communication monitored in astrocytes with this technique was inhibited either by pharmacological treatment with a gap junctional blocker or in mice lacking the two main astroglial connexins, while a partial inhibition was measured when only one connexin was knocked-out. We validate this approach using a mathematical model of sulforhodamine 101 diffusion in an elementary astroglial network and a quantitative analysis of the exponential fits to the fluorescence recovery curves. Consequently, we consider that the adaptation of the gap-FRAP technique to acute brain slices from adult mice provides an easy going and valuable approach that allows overpassing this age-dependent obstacle and will facilitate the investigation of gap junctional communication in adult healthy or pathological brain.



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Pilot randomized controlled trial of a comprehensive smoking cessation intervention for patients with upper aerodigestive cancer undergoing radiotherapy.

Pilot randomized controlled trial of a comprehensive smoking cessation intervention for patients with upper aerodigestive cancer undergoing radiotherapy.

Head Neck. 2018 Mar 15;:

Authors: Rettig EM, Fakhry C, Hales RK, Kisuule F, Quon H, Kiess AP, Yin LX, Zhang Y, Blackford AL, Drummond MB, Gourin CG, Koch WM, Eisele DW, D'Souza G

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Smoking among patients with cancer is associated with poor outcomes, however, smoking cessation interventions have had limited success.
METHODS: This randomized controlled trial compared a novel smoking cessation intervention ("intervention") with enhanced usual care ("control"). Participants were smokers with head and neck or thoracic malignancies undergoing radiation. Controls received brief counseling. Intervention participants received intensive counseling, pharmacotherapy, text-messaging, and financial incentives. Biochemically confirmed 7-day abstinence at 8 weeks was compared using Fisher's exact t test. Smoking abstinence and intensity were also analyzed using time-series panel regression.
RESULTS: The study population comprised 19 intervention and 10 control participants. More intervention (74%) than control (30%) participants abstained from smoking at 8 weeks (P = .05). Intervention participants were significantly more likely to abstain (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 14.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.56-60.76) and smoked fewer cigarettes (adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.16; 95% CI 0.06-0.40) during weeks 1 to 8.
CONCLUSION: This intervention decreased smoking among patients with upper aerodigestive cancers during radiotherapy.

PMID: 29542262 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Association of overexpressed karyopherin alpha 2 with poor survival and its contribution to interleukin-1β-induced matrix metalloproteinase expression in oral cancer.

Association of overexpressed karyopherin alpha 2 with poor survival and its contribution to interleukin-1β-induced matrix metalloproteinase expression in oral cancer.

Head Neck. 2018 Mar 15;:

Authors: Wang CI, Yu CJ, Huang Y, Yi JS, Cheng HW, Kao HK, Lao WW, Chang KP

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the clinicopathological associations and molecular mechanisms of karyopherin alpha 2 (KPNA2) in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) progression.
METHODS: The KPNA2 expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 209 tissues and 181 saliva samples, respectively. The functions of KPNA2 in migration and invasion were examined in KPNA2-knowdown cells. The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) levels were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The subcellular fraction was used to obtain the nuclear distribution of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB).
RESULTS: The KPNA2 overexpression was associated with extranodal extension (P < .05) and poor disease-specific survival in patients with oral cavity SCC (P < .05). The salivary KPNA2 levels were elevated in patients with oral cavity SCC (P < .05). The KPNA2 knockdown reduced cell migration and invasion. This knockdown also suppressed the interleukin (IL)-1β-induced nuclear import of NF-κB and MMP (MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9) transcription.
CONCLUSION: The KPNA2 overexpression is an independent biomarker for poor prognosis of oral cavity SCC and is required for MMP-mediated metastasis.

PMID: 29542209 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Experimental Device Could Offer Hope for Millions With Tinnitus.

Experimental Device Could Offer Hope for Millions With Tinnitus.

JAMA. 2018 Mar 14;:

Authors: Voelker R

PMID: 29541776 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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The characteristics of cognitive impairment in subjective chronic tinnitus.

The characteristics of cognitive impairment in subjective chronic tinnitus.

Brain Behav. 2018 Mar;8(3):e00918

Authors: Wang Y, Zhang JN, Hu W, Li JJ, Zhou JX, Zhang JP, Shi GF, He P, Li ZW, Li M

Abstract
Introduction: Subjective chronic tinnitus is a common medical syndrome with a high frequency of cognitive impairment; however, the characteristics of cognitive impairment in chronic tinnitus are poorly understood. Investigating the scope of cognitive impairment across the severity spectrum of tinnitus patients may shed light on the issue.
Methods: A consecutive series of 207 subjective chronic tinnitus patients were classified into mild tinnitus group (n = 95) and severe tinnitus group (n = 112) by THI score (the cutoff THI scores were 37/38). These patients were assessed using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) and P300 event-related potential.
Results: Although pure tone averages were not different between mild or severe tinnitus patients, severe tinnitus patients scored lower on the CASI assessment as well as almost all subdomains of CASI, particularly in items such as "short-term memory," "concentration or mental manipulation," "orientation," "abstraction and judgment," "language abilities," and "visual construction." Furthermore, compared to mild tinnitus patients, severe tinnitus patients exhibited longer N2 and P3 latencies. Finally, a correlation analysis revealed that tinnitus severity was negatively correlated with CASI score and positively correlated with N2 and P3 latencies.
Conclusions: This study reveals that tinnitus patients on the severe end of the spectrum may be at risk for serious cognitive deficits, which may not be a secondary response to disease manifestations but a primary feature of the underlying disease.

PMID: 29541537 [PubMed - in process]

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[Tympanic paraganglioma mimicking cholesteatoma: about a case].

[Tympanic paraganglioma mimicking cholesteatoma: about a case].

Pan Afr Med J. 2017;28:169

Authors: Rafiq B, Mghari GE

Abstract
Tympanic paragangliomas are common benign tumors of the middle ear, made up of neuroendocrine cells dispersed along the major vascular axes of the head, the neck and the vertebral column. The revealing symptoms are hearing loss and a pulsatile tinnitus. Otoscopy often shows pulsatile retrotympanic reddish mass. MRI and somatostatin analogue scintigraphy (OctreoScan) are the imaging modality of choice. OctreoScan allows physicians to detect other tumor locations. The dosage of urinary methoxyl derivatives is determined, complemented by the screening of other components of multiple endocrine neoplasias (MEN). Biopsy is contraindicated because of the risk of hemorrhage. Surgery is the treatment of choice. We report the case of F. A., a 75-year old patient, admitted with tympanic paraganglioma revealed by hearing loss in his right ear (occurred 4 years before) associated with pulsatile tinnitus concomitant with the heart beating in his ear. He underwnt otoscopy showing retrotympanic reddish pulsatile mass in his right ear (A). (B) MRI of the brain showed total involvement of the middle ear and of the mastoid cells, without identifiable tumoral process, with distinct hyperintensity on diffusion-weighted imaging and strong contrast-enhancement. MEN assessment was without abnormalities, including 24h methoxyl derivatives, parathyroid hormone and calcitonin. The diagnosis of paraganglioma was retained because of the strong contrast-enhancement. OctreoScan was indicated before surgery.

PMID: 29541315 [PubMed - in process]

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Combined BRAF V600E analysis and 99m Tc-MIBI scintigraphy can be a useful diagnostic tool in differentiated thyroid cancer patients with incomplete bio-chemical response to first radioiodine therapy (RAIT): a pilot investigation

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible diagnostic role of the combined performance of BRAF mutation analysis and MIBI scintigraphy in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients with incomplete bio-chemical response to first radioiodine therapy (RAIT) performed for thyroid remnant ablation.

Methods

The records of 15 PTC patients with bio-chemical incomplete response to first RAIT were retrospectively analyzed. BRAF^V600E analysis on primary tumor samples was obtained in all cases along with neck ultrasonography and ^99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy of the neck–thorax regions at first follow-up. All patients then underwent RAIT with high radioiodine activities. A post-therapy whole-body scan (pT-WBS) was acquired 5–7 days after RAIT.

Results

Abnormal radioiodine uptake was found in 10 out of the 15 patients (67%, ¹³¹I+ve), while in the remaining 33%, no abnormal radioiodine uptake was detected (5/15, ¹³¹I−ve). Abnormal tracer uptake was found in 6 out of 10 ¹³¹I+ve patients at ^99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy (MIBI+ve). BRAF^V600E mutation was not found in the majority of ¹³¹I+ve patients (9 out of 10 BRAF^V600E−ve). On the contrary, in the 5 ¹³¹I−ve patients, ^99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy did not show any abnormal tracer uptake (MIBI−ve), while BRAF^V600E mutation was present (BRAF^V600E+ve). Thus, in our series, the association between MIBI−ve scintigraphy and BRAF+ve mutation was a useful diagnostic tool in predicting negative pT-WBS outcome.

Conclusion

Albeit obtained in a small retrospective series, our results suggest that the combination of BRAF^V600E+ve mutation and MIBI−ve scintigraphy may be considered a negative prognostic clue, which predicts the absence of radioiodine uptake at pT-WBS in DTC patients with incomplete bio-chemical response to first RAIT.

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[Histological diagnosis of bone tumors: Guidelines of the French committee of bone pathologists reference network on bone tumors (RESOS)].

[Histological diagnosis of bone tumors: Guidelines of the French committee of bone pathologists reference network on bone tumors (RESOS)].

Bull Cancer. 2018 Mar 11;:

Authors: Galant C, Bouvier C, Larousserie F, Aubert S, Audard V, Brouchet A, Marie B, Guinebretière JM, de Pinieux du Bouexic G, Groupe de Pathologistes du réseau INCA d'expertise pour les sarcomes osseux de RESOS

Abstract
The management of patients having a bone lesion requires in many cases the realization of a histological sample in order to obtain a diagnosis. However, with the technological evolution, CT-guided biopsies are performed more frequently, often in outpatient clinics. Interpretation of these biopsies constitutes new challenges for the pathologists within the wide spectrum of bone entities. The purpose of the document is to propose guidelines based on the experience of the French committee of bone pathologists of the reference network on bone tumors (RESOS) regarding the indications and limitations of the diagnosis on restricted material.

PMID: 29540287 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Diet Therapy for Cancer Prevention and Treatment Based on Traditional Persian Medicine.

Diet Therapy for Cancer Prevention and Treatment Based on Traditional Persian Medicine.

Nutr Cancer. 2018 Mar 15;:1-28

Authors: Javadi B

Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death with profound socio-economic consequences worldwide. Growing evidence suggests the crucial role of diet on cancer prevention and treatment. In Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) there is a major focus on contribution of special diet and foods to cancer management. In the present article, the cytotoxic and antitumor activities of several food items including plants and animal products recommended by TPM as anticancer agents are discussed. Strong evidence supports the anticancer effects of beetroot (Beta vulgris) and its major compound betanin, cinnamon and cinnamaldehyde, barley (H. vulgare) and its products, extra-virgin olive oil, black pepper (P. nigrum) and its piperine, grapes (V. vinifera) and its compound resveratrol, ginger and its compound 6-gingerol, whey protein, fish, and honey. However, additional pharmacological studies and clinical trials are needed to elucidate their molecular and cellular mechanisms of actions, frequency, and amount of consumption, possible adverse effects, and optimum preparation methods. Moreover, studying mechanisms of actions of the bioactive compounds present in the discussed food items can be helpful in identifying and development of new anticancer agents.

PMID: 29543522 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Piperlongumine Induces Apoptosis in Human Melanoma Cells Via Reactive Oxygen Species Mediated Mitochondria Disruption.

Piperlongumine Induces Apoptosis in Human Melanoma Cells Via Reactive Oxygen Species Mediated Mitochondria Disruption.

Nutr Cancer. 2018 Mar 15;:1-10

Authors: Song X, Gao T, Lei Q, Zhang L, Yao Y, Xiong J

Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a devastating skin cancer due to its severe drug resistance and prompt metastasis. Piperlongumine is an anti-inflammation and tumor-suppressing natural product with defined structure. While numerous studies revealed exceptional inhibitory effects of piperlongumine on several carcinomas, few investigations were performed on melanoma. Therefore, the present study investigated the anti-tumor effects of piperlongumine on human melanoma cells in vitro, and explored the mechanisms of action. Results from cytotoxicity and proliferation studies demonstrated that piperlongumine inhibited cell growth in melanoma cell lines A375, A875, and B16-F10 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis showed that piperlongumine obstructed cell cycle progression at G2/M phase and induced apoptosis in A375 cells. Mechanistic investigations illustrated that piperlongumine promoted reactive oxygen species production and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, piperlongumine was reported to interfere with the expression of p21, p27, cleaved caspases-3, Bax, Bcl-2, and p-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which are typical regulators associated with cell proliferation, intrinsic apoptosis, and JNKs pathway. Taken together, these results strongly suggested that piperlongumine inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in human melanoma cells via ROS mediated mitochondria disruption and JNKs pathway, and piperlongumine may exert promising potential for patients suffering from malignant melanoma.

PMID: 29543494 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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[Ventral decompression techniques in patients with traumatic and non-traumatic atlanto-axial dislocations].

[Ventral decompression techniques in patients with traumatic and non-traumatic atlanto-axial dislocations].

Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko. 2018;82(1):33-40

Authors: Lvov IS, Grin' AA, Nekrasov MA, Kordonskiy AY, Sytnik AV

Abstract
Compression of the caudal medulla oblongata and ventral portions of the spinal cord is the most dangerous complication of atlanto-axial dislocation (AAD).
AIM: The study objective was to improve surgical management of patients with ventral compression of the spinal cord in the setting of AAD of various genesis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed treatment outcomes in 250 patients with C1 and C2 injuries and diseases for the period between 2002 and 2016. Persistent ventral compression of the neural structures in the setting of AAD was detected in 34 (13.6%) patients. Anterior or posterior dislocation was in 21 patients, vertical dislocation occurred in 7 patients, and mixed (anterior and vertical) occurred in 6 cases. The causes of AAD included odontoid fractures (21 patients, 61.8%), Jefferson fractures (6 patients, 17.6%), atlas transverse ligament rupture (1 patient, 2.9%), rheumatoid arthritis (4 patients, 11.8%), and nonspecific spondylitis (2 patients, 5.9%).
RESULTS: All dislocations were divided into Halo-tractable and Halo-intractable ones. In 24 cases, ventral decompression was achieved due to Halo reposition. Additional resection of a compressing substrate was performed through the submandibular approach in 4 patients, through the transoral approach in 5 patients, and through the transnasal approach in 1 case. In the postoperative period, complications in the form of pharyngeal edema developed in 1 patient after transoral decompression. In the other cases, there were no postoperative complications. All patients had improvement in their condition in the form of regression of a neurological deficit.
CONCLUSION: Halo reposition is a technique eliminating, completely or partially, ventral compression in certain traumatic and non-traumatic dislocations. The choice of a surgical corridor should be performed after preliminary Halo correction. If the nasopalatine line runs in the odontoid neck projection, the submandibular approach may be used in the case of a Halo-tractable dislocation, and the endonasal approach may be used in the case of a Halo-intractable dislocation.

PMID: 29543213 [PubMed - in process]

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[The specific features of the past medical history and etiology of pharyngeal abscess in the children].

Related Articles

[The specific features of the past medical history and etiology of pharyngeal abscess in the children].

Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2017;82(5):12-14

Authors: Soldatsky YL, Denisova OA, Bulynko SA

Abstract
The present study was undertaken for the purpose of elucidating the specific features of the past medical history and the etiological factors responsible for the development of tonsillogenic pharyngeal abscesses in the children. We performed the retrospective analysis of the medical histories of 291 children presenting with this condition who had been admitted for the treatment to the ENT Department of the Morozovskzya City Children's Clinical Hospital during the period from January till December 2015. The study has demonstrated the following most common shortcomings of the outpatient treatment of the patients suffering from chronic tonsillitis at the stage preceding formation of paratonsillar abscess: inadequate antibacterial therapy of acute chronic tonsillitis or its exacerbation and limited indications for tonsillectomy at the level of the outpatient treatment. The leading role in the etiology of tonsillogenic pharyngeal abscesses in the children is played by beta-hemolytic Streptococcus of group A. It is concluded that the medical history suggesting past paratonsillar abscess is the absolute indication for the subsequent tonsillectomy in the children of any age.

PMID: 29072654 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Morphologisches Spektrum USP6-rearrangierter Läsionen

Zusammenfassung

USP6, auch als Tre-2 und TRE17 bekannt, ist eine ubiquitinspezifische Protease, die nach Überexpression in NIH-3T3-Zellen vor über 2 Jahrzehnten als potenzielles Onkogen identifiziert wurde. Bis vor einigen Jahren war wenig über Funktion und Mechanismen der onkogenen Aktivierung von USP6 bekannt. Der Nachweis von USP6-Rearrangements in aneurysmatischen Knochenzysten und in nodulären Fasziitiden hat nicht nur zu einem besseren Verständnis der Pathogenese dieser Entitäten beigetragen, sondern stellt auch ein nützliches Werkzeug in ihrer Diagnose und in der differenzialdiagnostischen Abgrenzung von morphologisch ähnlichen Läsionen dar. In dieser Übersicht werden die klinischen, pathologischen und molekulargenetischen Aspekte der aneurysmatischen Knochenzyste und der nodulären Fasziitis sowie der mit diesen Entitäten verwandten Läsionen vorgestellt und diskutiert.

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Gender as an underestimated factor in mental health of medical students

Publication date: Available online 15 March 2018
Source:Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger
Author(s): P.H.M. Burger, M. Scholz
BackgroundIn Germany, currently two out of three medical students are female. Several studies corroborate that medical students show a significantly higher prevalence of stress-related mental disorders than the population in general.AimsWe aimed to evaluate, if gender has an influence on the distribution of mental stress parameters and learning style among male and female medical students.MethodsWe investigated a total of 758 students of the medical faculty at the University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Germany, using standardized and validated psychological questionnaires on depressive symptoms (BDI-II), burnout (BOSS-II) and quality of life (SF-12). In addition, we screened the students for their learning styles according to Kolb.ResultsOut of 723 participants who declared their gender, 57,8% were female and 37,6% were male. Female students showed significantly higher values for depressiveness as well as for emotional and cognitive burnout, whereas the mental quality of life was significantly lower. A considerably higher percentage of male students with a converging or an accommodating learning style were found in comparison to their female fellows.ConclusionsWe postulate that an adaptation of the medical curriculum content to the investigated factors may contribute to a higher mental stability and less stress-related symptoms in medical students.



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Progression of corticospinal tract dysfunction in pre-ataxic spinocerebellar ataxia type 2: A two-years follow-up TMS study

Publication date: May 2018
Source:Clinical Neurophysiology, Volume 129, Issue 5
Author(s): Luis Velázquez-Pérez, Roberto Rodríguez-Labrada, Reidenis Torres-Vega, Ricardo Ortega-Sánchez, Jacqueline Medrano-Montero, Rigoberto González-Piña, Yaimeé Vázquez-Mojena, Georg Auburger, Ulf Ziemann
ObjectiveCorticospinal tract (CST) dysfunction is common in the pre-ataxic stage of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) but quantitative assessment of its progression over time has not been explored. The aim of this study was to quantify the progression of CST dysfunction in pre-ataxic SCA2 using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).MethodsThirty-three pre-ataxic SCA2 mutation carriers and a 33 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were tested at baseline and 2-years follow-up by standardized clinical exams, validated clinical scales, and TMS.ResultsPre-ataxic SCA2 mutation carriers showed a significant increase of resting motor thresholds (RMT) to abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles, and of central motor conduction time (CMCT) to TA at 2-years follow-up, over and above changes in healthy controls. The changes in the pre-ataxic SCA2 mutation carriers were independent of the presence of clinical signs of CST dysfunction at baseline, and independent of conversion to clinically definite SCA2 at 2-years follow-up.ConclusionsTMS markers of CST dysfunction progress significantly during the pre-ataxic stage of SCA2.SignificanceTMS measures of CST dysfunction may provide biomarkers of disease progression prior to clinical disease expression that have potential utility for monitoring neuroprotective therapies in future clinical trials.



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Combined BRAF V600E analysis and 99m Tc-MIBI scintigraphy can be a useful diagnostic tool in differentiated thyroid cancer patients with incomplete bio-chemical response to first radioiodine therapy (RAIT): a pilot investigation

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible diagnostic role of the combined performance of BRAF mutation analysis and MIBI scintigraphy in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients with incomplete bio-chemical response to first radioiodine therapy (RAIT) performed for thyroid remnant ablation.

Methods

The records of 15 PTC patients with bio-chemical incomplete response to first RAIT were retrospectively analyzed. BRAF^V600E analysis on primary tumor samples was obtained in all cases along with neck ultrasonography and ^99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy of the neck–thorax regions at first follow-up. All patients then underwent RAIT with high radioiodine activities. A post-therapy whole-body scan (pT-WBS) was acquired 5–7 days after RAIT.

Results

Abnormal radioiodine uptake was found in 10 out of the 15 patients (67%, ¹³¹I+ve), while in the remaining 33%, no abnormal radioiodine uptake was detected (5/15, ¹³¹I−ve). Abnormal tracer uptake was found in 6 out of 10 ¹³¹I+ve patients at ^99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy (MIBI+ve). BRAF^V600E mutation was not found in the majority of ¹³¹I+ve patients (9 out of 10 BRAF^V600E−ve). On the contrary, in the 5 ¹³¹I−ve patients, ^99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy did not show any abnormal tracer uptake (MIBI−ve), while BRAF^V600E mutation was present (BRAF^V600E+ve). Thus, in our series, the association between MIBI−ve scintigraphy and BRAF+ve mutation was a useful diagnostic tool in predicting negative pT-WBS outcome.

Conclusion

Albeit obtained in a small retrospective series, our results suggest that the combination of BRAF^V600E+ve mutation and MIBI−ve scintigraphy may be considered a negative prognostic clue, which predicts the absence of radioiodine uptake at pT-WBS in DTC patients with incomplete bio-chemical response to first RAIT.

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Test–Retest Reliability, Agreement and Responsiveness of Productivity Loss (iPCQ-VR) and Healthcare Utilization (TiCP-VR) Questionnaires for Sick Workers with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to assess test–retest reliability, agreement, and responsiveness of questionnaires on productivity loss (iPCQ-VR) and healthcare utilization (TiCP-VR) for sick-listed workers with chronic musculoskeletal pain who were referred to vocational rehabilitation. Methods Test–retest reliability and agreement was assessed with a 2-week interval. Responsiveness was assessed at discharge after a 15-week vocational rehabilitation (VR) program. Data was obtained from six Dutch VR centers. Test–retest reliability was determined with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cohen's kappa. Agreement was determined by Standard Error of Measurement (SEM), smallest detectable changes (on group and individual level), and percentage observed, positive and negative agreement. Responsiveness was determined with area under the curve (AUC) obtained from receiver operation characteristic (ROC). Results A sample of 52 participants on test–retest reliability and agreement, and a sample of 223 on responsiveness were included in the analysis. Productivity loss (iPCQ-VR): ICCs ranged from 0.52 to 0.90, kappa ranged from 0.42 to 0.96, and AUC ranged from 0.55 to 0.86. Healthcare utilization (TiCP-VR): ICC was 0.81, and kappa values of the single healthcare utilization items ranged from 0.11 to 1.00. Conclusions The iPCQ-VR showed good measurement properties on working status, number of hours working per week and long-term sick leave, and low measurement properties on short-term sick leave and presenteeism. The TiCP-VR showed adequate reliability on all healthcare utilization items together and medication use, but showed low measurement properties on the single healthcare utilization items.

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Highly specific detection of muscarinic M3 receptor, G protein interaction and intracellular trafficking in human detrusor using Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA)

Publication date: Available online 15 March 2018
Source:Acta Histochemica
Author(s): Mandy Berndt-Paetz, Luise Herbst, Annett Weimann, Andreas Gonsior, Jens-Uwe Stolzenburg, Jochen Neuhaus
PurposeMuscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) regulate a number of important physiological functions. Alteration of mAChR expression or function has been associated in the etiology of several pathologies including functional bladder disorders (e.g bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis – BPS/IC). In a previous study we found specific mAChR expression patterns associated with BPS/IC, while correlation between protein and gene expression was lacking. Posttranslational regulatory mechanisms, e.g. altered intracellular receptor trafficking, could explain those differences. In addition, alternative G protein (GP) coupling could add to the pathophysiology via modulation of muscarinic signaling. In our proof-of-principle study, we addressed these questions in situ. We established PLA in combination with confocal laserscanning microscopy (CLSM) and 3D object reconstruction for highly specific detection and analysis of muscarinic 3 receptors (M3), G protein (GP) coupling and intracellular trafficking in human detrusor samples.Material and methodsParaffin sections of formalin-fixed bladder tissue (FFPE) of BPS/IC patients receiving transurethral biopsy were examined by Cy3-PLA for M3 expression, coupling of M3 to GPs (Gαq/11, Gαs, Gαi) and interaction of M3 with endocytic regulator proteins. Membranes were labeled with wheat germ agglutinin-Alexa Fluor^®488, nuclei were stained with DAPI. Object density and co-localization were analyzed in 3D-reconstruction of high resolution confocal z-stacks.ResultsConfocal image stack processing resulted in well demarcated objects. Calculated receptor densities correlated significantly with existing confocal expression data, while significantly improved specificity of M3 detection by PLA was verified using bladder tissue samples from transgenic mice. 50–60% of the M3 receptor complexes were plasma membrane associated in human bladder detrusor. Application of PLA for M3 and GPs allowed visualization of M3-GP interactions and revealed individual GP-subtype coupling patterns. Detection of M3 interactions with endocytic trafficking proteins by PLA resulted in object sizes correlating with well-documented vesicle sizes of the endocytosis pathway.ConclusionPLA enabled highly specific detection of M3 receptor expression, demonstration of M3/GP differential coupling and intracellular M3 trafficking in human detrusor smooth muscle cells. This new approach minimized background fluorescence and antibody cross-reactions resulting from single antibody application, and enhanced specificity due to the use of two primary antibodies. Use of subcellular markers allowed visualization of subcellular receptor location. PLA/CLSM allows analyses of muscarinic "receptor – G protein – promiscuity" and intracellular trafficking even in bladder paraffin sections and may give new insights into the etiology and pathology of BPS/IC.



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Smad4/Fascin index is highly prognostic in patients with diffuse type EBV-associated gastric cancer

Publication date: Available online 15 March 2018
Source:Pathology - Research and Practice
Author(s): Byoung Kwan Son, Dong-Hoon Kim, Kyueng-Whan Min, Eun-Kyung Kim, Mi Jung Kwon
Gastric cancer is a heterogeneous disorder for which predicting clinical outcomes is challenging, although various biomarkers have been suggested. The Smad4 and Fascin proteins are known prognostic indicators of different types of malignancy. Smad4 primarily functions as a key regulator of tumor suppression, whereas Fascin exhibits oncogenic function by enhancing tumor infiltration. A combined marker based on these opposing roles may improve prognostic accuracy in gastric cancer.Smad4 and Fascin expression was assessed in tissue microarrays obtained from 285 primary gastric adenocarcinoma, 201 normal tissue, and 51 metastatic adenocarcinoma samples. A Smad4/Fascin index based on the relative expression of each protein was divided into low- and high-expression groups using receiver operating characteristic curves. We compared normal tissue, primary adenocarcinoma, and metastatic adenocarcinoma in Smad4 and Fascin expression and the differences in clinicopathological findings between low Smad4/Fascin and high Smad4/Fascin expression in gastric adenocarcinoma.High Smad4/Fascin expression was significantly associated with worse outcomes, such as old age, advanced T and N category, large tumor size, high histological grade, lymphatic and vascular invasion, and presence of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) (all p < 0.05). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed a significant relationship between disease-free or overall survival and Smad4/Fascin index in diffuse-type or EBV-associated gastric cancer (all p < 0.05).A dual marker system using Smad4 and Fascin may be a reliable indicator for predicting clinical outcomes in patients with diffuse-type or EBV-associated gastric cancer.



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Chinese herb medicine matrine induce apoptosis in human esophageal squamous cancer KYSE-150 cells through increasing reactive oxygen species and inhibiting mitochondrial function

Publication date: Available online 15 March 2018
Source:Pathology - Research and Practice
Author(s): Jin-Huan Jiang, Jiang Pi, Hua Jin, Fen Yang, Ji-Ye Cai
Matrine, as a natural alkaloid isolated from the traditional herb medicine sophora flavescens, has been proved to possess excellent biological activities, including anticancer effects. Now, this research aims to assess the anticancer activities and the mechanism of matrine against esophageal cancer cells, we investigated the proliferative inhibition, apoptosis induction, as well as the underlying mechanism of matrine on esophageal cancer KYSE-150 cells. It was found that matrine could suppress KYSE-150 cell proliferation and significantly mediate cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent relation by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species level and triggering mitochondrial membrane potential disruption. More precise mechanism studies demonstrated that matrine could up-regulate the expression of Bax proteins and down-regulate the expression of Bcl-2 proteins, as well as the activation about caspase-3, 8 and 9 in KYSE-150 cells. The morphological analysis of KYSE-150 cells exhibited that matrine could destroy the F-actin and nuclei structures and induce morphological damage with increased surface height distribution and roughness of cell membrane. These results not only demonstrated the potential anticancer activity mechanism of matrine at nanoscale, but also provide preliminary guidance for the treatment of esophageal cancer using matrine.



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Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma After Fontan Procedure in An Adult with Visceral Heterotaxy

Publication date: Available online 15 March 2018
Source:Pathology - Research and Practice
Author(s): Dehua Wang, Darren Marshall, Gruschen Veldtman, Anita Gupta, Andrew T. Trout, Juan Villafane, Kevin Bove




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COX-2 AS A DETERMINANT OF LOWER DISEASE-FREE SURVIVAL FOR PATIENTS AFFECTED BY AMELOBLASTOMA

Publication date: Available online 15 March 2018
Source:Pathology - Research and Practice
Author(s): Marco Aurélio Petroni Montezuma, Felipe Paiva Fonseca, Bernar Monteiro Benites, Ciro Dantas Soares, Gleyson Kleber do Amaral-Silva, Oslei Paes de Almeida, Fernando Augusto Soares, Rosana Lima Pagano, Eduardo Rodrigues Fregnani
Ameloblastoma is a locally aggressive neoplasm with a poorly understood pathogenesis. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate whether COX-2 expression is associated with ameloblastoma microvascular density (MVD) and with tumor aggressiveness. Sixty-three cases of primary ameloblastomas arranged in tissue microarray were submitted to immunohistochemistry against cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) and CD34. Clinicopathological parameters regarding sex, age, tumour size, tumour duration, tumour location, treatment, recurrences, radiographic features, vestibular/lingual and basal cortical disruption and follow-up data were obtained from patients' medical records and correlated with the proteins expression. The results on BRAF-V600E expression were obtained from our previous study and correlated with COX-2 and CD34 expressions. Log-rank univariate analysis and multivariate Cox regression model were done to investigate the prognostic potential of the molecular markers. Twenty-eight cases (44.4%) exhibited cytoplasmic positivity for COX-2, predominantly in the columnar peripheral cells, with a mean MVD of 2.2 vessels/mm². COX-2 was significantly associated with recurrences (p < 0.001) and BRAF-V600E expression (p < 0.001), whereas lower MVD was associated with the use of conservative therapy (p = 0.004). Using univariate and multivariate analyses, COX-2 was significantly associated with a lower 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate (p < 0.001 and p = 0.012, respectively), but not with a higher MVD (p = 0.68). In conclusion, COX-2 expression in ameloblastomas is not associated with MVD, but it is significantly associated with recurrences and with a lower DFS.



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miR-486-5p functions as an oncogene by targeting PTEN in non-small cell lung cancer

Publication date: Available online 15 March 2018
Source:Pathology - Research and Practice
Author(s): Zhao-jia Gao, Wei-dong Yuan, Jun-qiang Yuan, Kai Yuan, Yong Wang
PurposeLung cancer, the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, shows a poor 5-year overall survival rate. In our previous study, we demonstrated that miR-486-5p can be a potential blood-based biomarker for early diagnosis and recurrence prediction of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible roles and related target genes of miR-486-5p in NSCLC progression.MethodspcDNA3.1(+)/Pri-miR486 recombinant plasmid and miR-486-5p inhibitor were transfected into NSCLC cells and theirs effects were evaluated by qRT-PCR. Then, MTT assay and Colony formation assay were performed to determine the potential roles of miR-486-5p played on NSCLC cellular proliferation and cloning in vitro. We also initially investigated the target genes of miR-486-5p by using bioinformatic methods, qRT-PCR and western blot.ResultspcDNA3.1(+)/Pri-miR486 recombinant plasmid significantly upregulated the expression of miR-486-5p, while miR-486-5p inhibitor significantly downregulated its expression. Upregulation of miR-486-5p promoted the cellular proliferation and cloning, while miR-486-5p silencing restrained the cellular proliferation and cloning. Furthermore, four potential target genes (PIK3R1, PTEN, MAP3K7 and FOXO1) of miR-486-5p were screened out. Finally, we found that upregulation of miR-486-5p in NSCLC cells significantly reduced PTEN and increased AKT expression levels, whereas miR-486-5p silencing increased PTEN and reduced AKT expression. Therefore, we believe that miR-486-5p can regulate PTEN-PI3 K/AKT signaling.ConclusionsmiR-486-5p acts as an oncogene in the progression of NSCLC by influencing PTEN-PI3 K/AKT signaling. miR-486-5p may provide potential therapeutic targets for NSCLC.



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Cancers, Vol. 10, Pages 75: Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Particle Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer

Cancers, Vol. 10, Pages 75: Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Particle Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer

Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers10030075

Authors: Sweet Ng Joseph Herman

Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with poor survival outcomes. Recent studies have shown that the addition of radiotherapy to chemotherapy in the setting of locally advanced pancreatic cancer did not improve overall survival outcome. These studies commonly utilize conventional radiotherapy treatment fractionation and technique (typically 3-D conformal radiotherapy or intensity modulated radiotherapy). Although no clear benefit in overall survival was demonstrated in those studies, those who received radiotherapy did have a clear benefit in terms of local control. Therefore, there is increasing interest in exploring different techniques and/or modality of radiotherapy and dose/fractionation. Stereotactic radiotherapy, which employs a hypofractionated regimen, has the potential advantage of delivering a high dose of radiation to the tumor in a short period of time (typically over 5 days) with minimal dose to the surrounding normal structures. Particle therapy such as proton and carbon ion therapy are being explored as potential radiation modality that could cause greater biological damage to the tumor compared to photon treatment, with rapid dose falloff resulting in minimal to no dose to adjacent structures. This review will discuss the current literature and emerging roles of stereotactic radiotherapy and particle therapy in pancreatic cancer.

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Cancers, Vol. 10, Pages 74: Correction: Alessia Stornetta et al. Alcohol-Derived Acetaldehyde Exposure in the Oral Cavity. Cancers 2018, 10, 20

Cancers, Vol. 10, Pages 74: Correction: Alessia Stornetta et al. Alcohol-Derived Acetaldehyde Exposure in the Oral Cavity. Cancers 2018, 10, 20

Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers10030074

Authors: Alessia Stornetta Valeria Guidolin Silvia Balbo

The authors would like to make a correction to their published paper[...]

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The adjuvant effect of melanin is superior to Incomplete Freund adjuvant in a tumor subunit vaccine model

Publication date: March 2018
Source:European Journal of Cancer, Volume 92, Supplement 1
Author(s): A.F. Carpentier, T. Tran, F. Sejalon, F. Geinguenaud, E. Tartour, L. Motte, C. Banissi




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GARP-TGFβ axis on activated platelets supports tumor progression

Publication date: March 2018
Source:European Journal of Cancer, Volume 92, Supplement 1
Author(s): A. Metelli, B. Riesenberg, B. Wu, C. Wallace, S. Sun, B. Liu, Z. Li




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Orthotopic HCC mouse models to predict response to immunotherapy

Publication date: March 2018
Source:European Journal of Cancer, Volume 92, Supplement 1
Author(s): C. Hage, S. Hoves, M. Ashoff, L. Strauss, M. Perro, F. Herting, F. Kiessling, T. Pöschinger




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Table of Content

Publication date: March 2018
Source:European Journal of Cancer, Volume 92, Supplement 1





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Omental fat in ovarian cancer induces metabolic and immune alterations

Publication date: March 2018
Source:European Journal of Cancer, Volume 92, Supplement 1
Author(s): M. Suarez-Carmona, N.A. Valous, M. Hampel, B.M. Lenoir, S. Schott, S. Eismann, I. Zörnig, D. Jäger, N. Halama




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Immune landscape analysis to identify targets for immunotherapy across human carcinomas

Publication date: March 2018
Source:European Journal of Cancer, Volume 92, Supplement 1
Author(s): J. Schnappinger, T. Straub, S. Lee, T. Schiergens, R. Oberneder, E. Nößner




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Preclinical characterization of a PD-1-CD28 fusion receptor in CD4+ T cells for T cell-based immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Publication date: March 2018
Source:European Journal of Cancer, Volume 92, Supplement 1
Author(s): F. Rataj, F. Kraus, S. Grassmann, Michael Chaloupka, Justyna Ogonek, Jin Zhang, Svenja Rausch, Stefan Endres, Sebastian Kobold




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Circulating regulatory T-cells and the clinical outcome of VEGF-targeted treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer patients: focused on KRAS status and primary tumour sidedness

Publication date: March 2018
Source:European Journal of Cancer, Volume 92, Supplement 1
Author(s): L. Zdrazilova-Dubska, E. Budinska, B. Bencsikova, K. Pilatova, R. Obermannova, R. Nenutil, D. Valik




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Determining tumor mutation load using an NGS-based, target gene panel

Publication date: March 2018
Source:European Journal of Cancer, Volume 92, Supplement 1
Author(s): J.C. Machado, J. Reis, M. Fernandes, R. Silva, L. Cirnes, R. Chaudhary, F. Carneiro, J.L. Costa




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A new family of potent TLR9 agonists, EnanDIM, which inhibit tumor growth in various syngeneic murine models

Publication date: March 2018
Source:European Journal of Cancer, Volume 92, Supplement 1
Author(s): B. Volz, K. Kapp, D. Oswald, B. Wittig, M. Schmidt




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Reconstruction of the Major Defects of the Tissue Scalp

Abstract

The problem of treating tissue defects of the scalp to date remains one of the actual problems of modern medicine. Low elasticity, stiffness, and the presence of hair follicles and skin deficit dictate the need for new treatments, cosmetic relevant requirements of this zone. The use of expander dermotension in recent years has found its wide distribution in the treatment of defects and deformities of covering tissue anywhere on the body. On the example of a patient K.32 years old hospitalized with diagnosis—basal cell epithelioma of the scalp—the defect of soft tissues, we demonstrated the use of expander plastic in the treatment of defect covering tissues of the scalp. Thus, when there is a defect or deformation of covering tissues of the scalp, the most optimal is defect removal by tissues expander plastic. Transposition of pre fabricated by dermotension tissue complexes allows to liquidate quickly the defect of soft tissues, restoring normal full layered structure of the affected area of the scalp, and get good aesthetic results of treatment in these patients.

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Aggressive Angioimmunoblastic T Cell Lymphomas (AITL) with Soft Tissue Extranodal Mass Varied Histopathological Patterns with Peripheral Blood, Bone Marrow, and Splenic Involvement and Review of Literature

Abstract

Angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL) is a peripheral T cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma with an aggressive fatal course and it has varied clinical presentation with an uncommon presentation when they present as soft tissue masses or when there is spill in the peripheral blood or there are composite lymphomas that are rare presentations. Common presentations include lymphadenopathy, fever and systemic symptoms, hemolytic anemias, skin rashes, and rheumatoid arthritis. The classical histopathology is absence of follicles in lymph nodes with presence of high endothelial venules and the tumor cells of small to medium-sized lymphocytes with pale cytoplasm mixed with reactive T cells. On immunohistochemistry, the cells are positive for CD3, CD4, CD10, BCL2, and CXCL13. In this observational study, the clinicopathologic presentation and the immunohistochemical profile of five cases who initially presented with a soft tissue mass which is an extremely rare presentation of this rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that was diagnosed at our center with peripheral blood and bone marrow involvement and the clinicopathologic presentation, immunohistochemical profile, and response to treatment on follow-up are correlated with the literature review. One case had a fulminant and aggressive course and was fatal within 2 months of diagnosis. The rest of the four cases are on regular chemotherapy and follow-up. Our five cases had presented with soft tissue masses, two in the axillary regio,n two in the hand, and one in the scapular region with an extranodal presentation, and there was associated lymphadenopathy which developed subsequently with classic histomorphology and immunohistochemical findings. The age range was 46–54 years and all five cases were males. Three cases were with anemia (hemoglobin range 6.5–8.0 mg/dl) and all five cases were having peripheral blood plasmacytosis. Histopathology was classic with paracortical involvement with polymorphous population of cells with neoplastic lymphocytes of small and large sizes with numerous arborizing blood vessels which correspond to high endothelial venules. Microscopically, three architectural patterns; pattern I was seen in three cases (60%) and then pattern II and III in one case each (20% each). Immunohistochemistry revealed CD4+, CD8−, CXCL13+, CD10+, BCL6+, CD19, CD20, CD1a, Tdt, CD21, and CD23+ in follicular dendritic cells. AITL is a rare and aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma with varied clinical presentation with classic histomorphology with various patterns which may cause diagnostic dilemma and immunophenotypic findings, and prompt and early diagnosis is mandatory for institution of therapy.

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Risk Factors for Post-operative Complications in Primary Oral Cancer Surgery—a Prospective Study

Abstract

The surgical treatment of oral cavity cancers can be influenced by post-operative complications. Identification of risk factors based on clinical characteristics may assist in therapeutic planning and thereby helps in reducing complications. Here, an attempt is made to identify the factors associated with post-operative complications (complications developing within 1 month of surgery) in patients undergoing primary oral cancer surgery. Six hundred seventy-six consecutive patients who underwent primary surgery for oral cancer from December 2007 to May 2010 were prospectively evaluated. The risk factors that predict for post-operative complications were analyzed. There was one mortality and 15% (103 patients) had post-operative complications. The complications included metabolic complications, primary site problems, donor site problems, and systemic complications. Fifteen factors were found statistically significant for the development of post-operative complications by univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, three of the 15 factors, i.e., presence of COPD, full thickness wide excision, and increased duration of surgery were found to be independently associated with the development of post-operative complications. Presence of COPD, full thickness wide excision, and increased duration of surgery were identified as independent risk factors for post-operative complications in primary oral cancer surgery. The development of complications invariably resulted in increased hospital stay. Hence, the prompt recognition of risk factors for complications based on pre-operative clinical characteristics plus the identification of the risks associated with the surgical procedure can help in determining the appropriate therapeutic planning to prevent complications and in achieving cost effectiveness.

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