Effects of Different Exercise Modes on Arterial Stiffness and Nitric Oxide Synthesis

AbstractPurposeAerobic training (AT) and high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) reduce arterial stiffness, whereas resistance training (RT) induces deterioration of or no change in arterial stiffness. However, the molecular mechanism of these effects of different exercise modes remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the difference of different exercise effects on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) signaling pathway and arterial stiffness in rats and humans.MethodsIn the animal study, forty 10-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4groups: sedentary control (CON), AT (treadmill running, 60min at 30m/min, 5days/wk for 8weeks), RT (ladder-climbing, 8-10sets/day, 3days/wk for 8weeks), and HIIT (14repeats of 20-sec swimming session with 10-sec pause between sessions, 4days/wk for 6weeks from 12-week-old) groups (n=10 in each group). In the human study, we confirmed the effects of 6-week HIIT and 8-week AT interventions on central arterial stiffness and plasma nitrite/nitrate (NOx) level in untrained healthy young men in randomized controlled trial (HIIT, AT, and CON; n=7 in each group).ResultsIn the animal study, the effect on aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), as an index of central arterial stiffness, following HIIT was the same as the decrease in aortic PWV and increase in arterial eNOS/Akt phosphorylation following AT, which was not changed by RT. Negative correlation between aortic PWV and eNOS phosphorylation was observed (r=-0.38, p

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