A reappraisal of the mechanisms of action of ketamine to treat complex regional pain syndrome in the light of cortical excitability changes

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a multi-symptom, multi-system painful syndrome whose pathophysiological mechanisms remain partly unknown. The acronym CRPS refers to a disorder characterized by spontaneous or stimulus-induced pain that is disproportionate to the inciting event and is accompanied by a combination of various autonomic and motor disturbances. The activation of the sympathetic nervous system is likely involved. A neurological injury, when identified, is generally peripheral, leading to the distinction between CRPS type I (without nerve injury) and type II (with nerve injury).

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