Three-Dimensional Radiological Assessment of Alveolar Bone Volume Preservation Using Bovine Bone Xenograft

Introduction: Alveolar bone is critical in supporting natural teeth, dental implants as well as a removable and fixed prosthesis. Alveolar bone volume diminishes when its associated natural tooth is lost. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of bovine bone granules on alveolar bone socket augmentation for ridge preservation following atraumatic tooth extraction. Materials and Methods: Twenty medically fit patients (12 males and 8 females aged between 18 and 40 years) who needed noncomplicated tooth extraction of 1 mandibular premolar tooth were divided randomly and equally into 2 groups. In control group I, the empty extraction socket was left untreated and allowed to heal in a conventional way. In group II, the empty extraction socket wound was filled with lyophilized bovine bone xenograft granules 0.25 to 1 mm of size, 1 mL/vial. A resorbable pericardium membrane was placed to cover the defect. Clinical and 3-dimensional radiological assessments were performed at day 0, 3 months, and 9 months postoperative. Results: There were no clinical differences in general wound healing between the groups. Comparisons within the groups showed a significant difference of bone resorption of 1.49 mm (95% confidence interval, 0.63–2.35) at 3 months, and further resorption of 1.84 mm (P ≤ 0.05) at 9 months in the control group. No significant changes of bone resorption were observed in group II during the same time interval. Comparison between groups showed a significant difference of bone resorption at 3 and 9 months (2.40 and 2.88 mm, respectively). Conclusion: The use of lyophilized demineralized bovine bone granules in socket preservation to fill in the extraction socket seems essential in preserving the alveolar bone dimension as it showed excellent soft and hard tissue healing. This study concludes that the alveolar bone socket exhibited a dynamic process of resorption from the first day of tooth extraction. Evidence shows the possibility of using bovine bone granules routinely in socket volume preservation techniques following tooth extraction. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Ali Al Qabbani, DDS, MSc, Clinical Instructor/Oral Surgery, Department of Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE, and School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia; E-mail: aqabbani@sharjah.ac.ae Received 5 April, 2017 Accepted 10 October, 2017 All procedures performed in our study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical and Research Committee, University of Sharjah and from Human Research Ethics Committee University Sains Malaysia ethical number (No DFCM/18/02/14/027) and (USM/JEPeM/15020045), respectively. The study was supported by a competitive grant from the University of Sharjah and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research. The authors report no conflicts of interest. © 2018 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.

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