Correction to: Thyroid 2015;25(7):812-822.

Correction to: Thyroid 2015;25(7):812-822.

Thyroid. 2015 Nov 5;

Authors:

PMID: 26539699 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Hypothyroidism induces hypophagia associated with alterations in protein expression of neuropeptide Y and proopiomelanocortin in the arcuate nucleus, independently of hypothalamic nuclei-specific changes in leptin signaling.

Hypothyroidism induces hypophagia associated with alterations in protein expression of neuropeptide Y and proopiomelanocortin in the arcuate nucleus, independently of hypothalamic nuclei-specific changes in leptin signaling.

Thyroid. 2015 Nov 5;

Authors: Calvino C, Império GE, Wilieman M, Costa-E-Sousa RH, Souza LL, Travenzoli I, Pazos-Moura CC

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Thyroid hormone and leptin are essential regulators of energy homeostasis. Both hormones stimulate energy expenditure but have opposite effects on appetite. The mechanisms behind food intake regulation in thyroid dysfunctions are poorly understood. We have shown that hypothyroid rats exhibited impaired leptin anorexigenic effect and signaling in total hypothalamus, even though they were hypophagic. We hypothesized that hypothyroidism modulates the expression of neuropeptides: orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY) and anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC), independently of inducing nuclei-specific changes in hypothalamic leptin signaling.
METHODS: Adult male rats were rendered hypothyroid by administration of 0.03% methimazole in the drinking water, for 21 days. Protein content of NPY, POMC and of leptin signaling (the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway) were evaluated by western blot, and mRNA levels by real time RT-PCR in arcuate (ARC), ventromedial (VMN) and paraventricular (PVN) hypothalamic nuclei isolated from euthyroid (eu) and hypothyroid (hypo) rats. Leptin anorexigenic effect was tested by recording food intake for 2 hours after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of leptin. Statistical differences were considered at p≤0.05.
RESULTS: Hypothyroidism was confirmed by decreased serum triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and increased TSH, in addition to increased levels of pro-TRH mRNA in PVN and Dio2 mRNA in ARC of hypo rats. Hypothyroidism decreased body weight and food intake associated with decreased protein content of NPY and increased content of POMC in the ARC. Conversely, hypothyroidism induced central resistance to the acute anorexigenic effect of leptin, since while euthyroid rats displayed reduced food intake after leptin i.c.v. injection, hypothyroid rats showed no response. Hypothyroid rats exhibited decreased leptin receptor (ObRb) protein content in ARC and VMN, but not in PVN nucleus. ObRb protein changes were concomitant with decreased phosphorylated STAT3 in the ARC, and decreased total STAT3 in VMN and PVN. However, hypothyroidism did not affect mRNA levels of Lepr or Stat3 in the hypothalamic nuclei.
CONCLUSIONS: Experimental hypothyroidism induced negative energetic balance accompanied by decreased NPY and increased POMC protein content in the ARC resulting in predominance of anorexigenic pathways, despite of central leptin resistance and impairment of leptin signaling cascade in a nuclei-specific manner.

PMID: 26538454 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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[Head and neck paragangliomas : An interdisciplinary challenge].

[Head and neck paragangliomas : An interdisciplinary challenge].

HNO. 2015 Nov 4;

Authors: Künzel J, Bahr K, Hainz M, Rossmann H, Matthias C

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Current treatment strategies for head and neck paragangliomas are moving away from radical resection and toward surgical tumor reduction, in order to preserve function and reduce morbidity. Radiotherapy modalities are alternative primary treatment options.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A PubMed search of the relevant literature on genetics and treatment of head and neck paragangliomas was conducted.
RESULTS: The rapid progress made in genetic research was mainly triggered by two factors: firstly, the establishment of central registries for paraganglioma patients and secondly, the availability of next-generation sequencing methods. Exome sequencing and a gene-panel sequencing approach have already been successfully applied to paraganglioma syndromes. The latter method in particular is rapid and cost-effective, and may soon replace complex genotyping algorithms. The literature provides good evidence that diversified modern treatment options are available to realize individual treatment concepts for almost all paraganglioma manifestations. Generally, small and symptomatic tumors should be completely resected, particularly in younger patients. Considering the patient's age, symptoms, morbidity risk, and comorbidities, larger tumors should be surgically treated in a function-preserving manner. In these cases, primary radiotherapy is an equivalent alternative option. A "wait and scan" strategy is possible in selected cases.
DISCUSSION: The potential morbidity of surgical treatment must be weighed against the expectable quality of life. Comprehensive consultation with the patient about possible treatment modalities is mandatory. Treatment decision making should involve a multidisciplinary team of experts.

PMID: 26537934 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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[Tonsillectomy in adults : Length of hospital stay has no influence on the frequency of postoperative hemorrhage].

[Tonsillectomy in adults : Length of hospital stay has no influence on the frequency of postoperative hemorrhage].

HNO. 2015 Nov 4;

Authors: Coordes A, Soudry J, Hofmann VM, Lenarz M

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tonsillectomies (TE) in Germany are traditionally performed during inpatient hospital stays. Socioeconomic changes in the healthcare system have resulted in shorter hospital stays.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate whether a shorter hospital stay of 2 days leads to increased postoperative bleeding after TE. Factors affecting the duration of hospitalization were also studied.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The relevant data of all patients (≥ 14 years) undergoing TE in the ENT Clinic of the Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, between 2011 and 2013 were recorded anonymously. Risk factors for bleeding after TE were analyzed. Additionally, patients who had a hospital stay of 2 days (since 2013) were compared with patients hospitalized for ≥ 3 days, and the influence of various risk factors on the length of hospital stay was analyzed.
RESULTS: During the study period 2011-2013, 376 procedures were performed and data from 213 patients was collected for analysis. Median patient age was 26 years (range 14-73 years). The rate of primary hemorrhage (up to 24 hours after TE) was 2 % and the rate of secondary bleeding (later than 24 hours) was 24 %. In 7% of patients with postoperative haemorrhage (primary and secondary) surgical hemostasis was performed. Male gender was associated with a significantly higher haemorrhage rate. Shortening postdischarge surveillance to only 2 days did not affect the postoperative bleeding rate.
CONCLUSION: The duration of stationary monitoring following TE should not only be based on the rate of secondary bleeding, but also on patient comfort and safety. A shortening of postoperative monitoring to only 2 days had no effect on the haemorrhage frequency after TE and can therefore, be considered for adults who do not live alone and are within a reasonable distance to a hospital.

PMID: 26537933 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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