New Insights into Enhancing Maximal Exercise Performance Through the Use of a Bitter Tastant.

New Insights into Enhancing Maximal Exercise Performance Through the Use of a Bitter Tastant.

Sports Med. 2016 Mar 21;

Authors: Gam S, Guelfi KJ, Fournier PA

Abstract
It is generally acknowledged that for an orally administered ergogenic aid to enhance exercise performance it must first be absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract before exerting its effects. Recently, however, it has been reported that some ergogenic aids can affect exercise performance without prior absorption by the gastrointestinal tract. This is best illustrated by studies that have shown that rinsing the mouth with a carbohydrate (CHO) solution, without swallowing it, significantly improves exercise performance. The ergogenic effects of CHO mouth rinsing in these studies have been attributed to the activation of the brain by afferent taste signals, but the specific mechanisms by which this brain activation translates to enhanced exercise performance have not yet been elucidated. Given the benefits of CHO mouth rinsing for exercise performance, this raises the issue of whether other types of tastants, such as bitter-tasting solutions, may also improve exercise performance. Recently, we performed a series of studies investigating whether the bitter tastant quinine can improve maximal sprint performance in competitive male cyclists, and, if so, to examine some of the possible mechanisms whereby this effect may occur. These studies have shown that mouth rinsing and ingesting a bitter-tasting quinine solution can significantly improve the performance of a maximal cycling sprint. There is also evidence that the ergogenic effect of quinine is mediated, at least in part, by an increase in autonomic nervous system activation and/or corticomotor excitability. The purpose of this article is to discuss the results and implications of these recent studies and to suggest avenues for further research, which may add to the understanding of the way the brain integrates signals from the oral cavity with motor behaviour, as well as uncover novel strategies to improve exercise performance.

PMID: 27000831 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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[Myasthenia gravis].

[Myasthenia gravis].

Internist (Berl). 2016 Mar 21;

Authors: Schodrowski J, Seipelt M, Adibi-Sedeh I, Eienbröker C, Tackenberg B

Abstract
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease, which leads to load-dependent weakness of voluntary skeletal muscles with recovery of function after resting. The disease is caused by autoantibodies directed against the postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChR) leading to a reduction of neuromuscular transmission. Muscles and nerves are not affected. Disorders of the thymus play a role in the pathogenesis of AChR antibody-positive myasthenia. The clinical symptoms include exercise-induced fatigue either of the ocular muscles alone (ocular myasthenia) or striated skeletal muscle and the ocular, facial and bulbar musculature (generalized myasthenia). Treatment of myasthenia gravis involves administration of acetylcholine esterase inhibitors and immunosuppressive drugs. A myasthenic crisis is characterized by life-threatening complications with severe weakness, swallowing difficulties and respiratory failure, which requires intensive care treatment.

PMID: 27000188 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs): Tailoring methodology to specific conditions.

Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs): Tailoring methodology to specific conditions.

Clin Neurophysiol. 2016 Mar 11;

Authors: Papathanasiou ES

PMID: 27005456 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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The evaluation of eustachian tube paratubal structures using magnetic resonance imaging in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media.

The evaluation of eustachian tube paratubal structures using magnetic resonance imaging in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Mar 23;:1-4

Authors: Terzi S, Beyazal Çeliker F, Özgür A, Çeliker M, Beyazal M, Demirci M, Dursun E

Abstract
Conclusion Eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction, which plays a role in the pathogenesis chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), does not seem to be due to differences in paratubal structures. Objective The aim of this study was to compare the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of the paratubal structures of the ET between normal ears and ears in patients with CSOM. Methods The MRI records of 40 patients who underwent tympanomastoidectomy for a diagnosis of CSOM were reviewed retrospectively. The healthy ears served as the control group. The length, diameter, surface area and volume of the tensor veli palatini muscle (TVPM) and levator veli palatini muscle (LVPM) were measured, in addition to the diameter of the pharyngeal orifice of the ET, volume of the Ostmann fat pad, bimucosal thickness of the lumen of the ET, and mucosal thickness. Results In the pathological ears, the mean length of the TVPM and LVPM was 22.6 mm and 19.3 mm, the mean diameter was 3.2 and 5.3 mm, and the mean volume was 1.75 and 3.2 cm(3), respectively. In addition, the mean diameter of the pharyngeal orifice of the ET was 1.9 mm. There were no significant between-group differences in the paratubal structures (p > 0.05).

PMID: 27008280 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Influence of cochlear implantation on vestibular function.

Influence of cochlear implantation on vestibular function.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Mar 23;:1-5

Authors: Chen X, Chen X, Zhang F, Qin Z

Abstract
Conclusion Vestibular function in patients can be damaged following cochlear implantation. Therefore, assessing the pre-operative vestibular status, carefully choosing the side of implantation, and preserving function by using minimally invasive surgical techniques are important. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the influence of cochlear implantation on vestibular function in patients with severe and profound sensorineural hearing loss, and to analyze a possible correlation between the changes in vestibular testing and post-operative vestibular symptoms. Methods Thirty-four patients were evaluated for vestibular function using the cervical and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP and oVEMP, respectively), and 29 patients underwent caloric tests pre-operatively and 4 weeks post-operatively. Results Before surgery, the cVEMPs were recorded bilaterally in 22 patients, unilaterally in eight patients, and absent bilaterally in four patients. The oVEMPs were recorded bilaterally in 19 patients, unilaterally in six patients, and absent bilaterally in nine patients. After implantation, the cVEMPs were absent in 10 patients and the oVEMPs were absent in seven patients on the implanted side. Caloric tests demonstrated canal paresis in 17 patients, and normal responses were recorded in 12 of the 29 patients pre-operatively. There was a significant decrease post-implantation in the ear implanted, with the exception of two patients. Two patients presented with vertigo and another two patients reported slight unsteadiness post-operatively, but all symptoms resolved within 7 days. The impaired vestibular function did not correlate with vestibular symptoms, age, or gender. Function on the contralateral side remained unaffected.

PMID: 27008103 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Completely resected follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of the posterior mediastinum: report of a case.

Completely resected follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of the posterior mediastinum: report of a case.

Surg Case Rep. 2016 Dec;2(1):28

Authors: Miyoshi R, Sonobe M, Miyamoto E, Date H

Abstract
Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm originating from follicular dendritic cells, and most of them develop in lymph nodes of the head and neck. One third of follicular dendritic cell sarcomas occur in the extranodal sites such as the tonsils, mesentery, and retroperitoneal organs, but those of mediastinal origin are rare. Here, we present the case of a 16-year-old female with a large follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of posterior mediastinal origin. The tumor was found by a chest X-ray mass examination at her high school, and she had no subjective symptoms or significant past medical history. The tumor was diagnosed as a follicular dendritic cell sarcoma by computed tomography-guided needle biopsy. Although the tumor compressed the mediastinal organs and showed moderate uptake in 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging, it was completely resected through posterolateral incision. Histological examination revealed that spindle-shaped tumor cells formed fascicular or storiform pattern with cellular pleomorphism. By immunohistochemical examination, the tumor cells were found to be positive for CD21 and follicular dendritic cell antigen. Two years after surgery, the patient remains alive with no signs of tumor recurrence.

PMID: 27001632 [PubMed]

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Endocranial Morphology of the Primitive Nodosaurid Dinosaur Pawpawsaurus campbelli from the Early Cretaceous of North America.

Endocranial Morphology of the Primitive Nodosaurid Dinosaur Pawpawsaurus campbelli from the Early Cretaceous of North America.

PLoS One. 2016;11(3):e0150845

Authors: Paulina-Carabajal A, Lee YN, Jacobs LL

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Ankylosaurs are one of the least explored clades of dinosaurs regarding endocranial anatomy, with few available descriptions of braincase anatomy and even less information on brain and inner ear morphologies. The main goal of this study is to provide a detailed description of the braincase and internal structures of the Early Cretaceous nodosaurid Pawpawsaurus campbelli, based on recently made CT scans.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The skull of Pawpawsaurus was CT scanned at University of Texas at Austin (UTCT). Three-dimensional models were constructed using Mimics 18.0 (Materialise). The digital data and further processed 3D models revealed inaccessible anatomic structures, allowing a detailed description of the lateral wall of the braincase (obscured by other bones in the articulated skull), and endocranial structures such as the cranial endocast, the most complete inner ear morphology for a nodosaurid, and the interpretation of the airflow system within the nasal cavities.
CONSLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The new information on the endocranial morphology of Pawpawsaurus adds anatomical data to the poorly understand ankylosaur paleoneurology. The new set of data has potential use not only in taxonomy and phylogeny, but also in paleobiological interpretations based on the relative development of sense organs, such as olfaction, hearing and balance.

PMID: 27007950 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Post-stroke dysphagia: A review and design considerations for future trials.

Post-stroke dysphagia: A review and design considerations for future trials.

Int J Stroke. 2016 Mar 22;

Authors: Cohen DL, Roffe C, Beavan J, Blackett B, Fairfield CA, Hamdy S, Havard D, McFarlane M, McLauglin C, Randall M, Robson K, Scutt P, Smith C, Smithard D, Sprigg N, Warusevitane A, Watkins C, Woodhouse L, Bath PM

Abstract
Post-stroke dysphagia (a difficulty in swallowing after a stroke) is a common and expensive complication of acute stroke and is associated with increased mortality, morbidity, and institutionalization due in part to aspiration, pneumonia, and malnutrition. Although most patients recover swallowing spontaneously, a significant minority still have dysphagia at six months. Although multiple advances have been made in the hyperacute treatment of stroke and secondary prevention, the management of dysphagia post-stroke remains a neglected area of research, and its optimal management, including diagnosis, investigation and treatment, have still to be defined.

PMID: 27006423 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: initial presentation with a preosseous lesion of the scalp and its MRI appearance.

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: initial presentation with a preosseous lesion of the scalp and its MRI appearance.

Skeletal Radiol. 2016 Mar 22;

Authors: Lin FY, Lin CH, Shu G, Chen CK

Abstract
This case subject is a 1-year-old girl presenting with recurrent diffuse soft-tissue swelling of the scalp and periorbital region. Her family denied any known history of trauma. There was no obvious discoloration or local heat at the lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed diffuse soft tissue swelling of the scalp manifesting as high signal intensity on T2-weighted images and low signal intensity on T1-weighted images with diffuse enhancement after gadolinium-contrast administration. Biopsy yielded inconclusive pathological results. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) was not suspected until malformation of the patient's toes was noticed. The scalp lesion underwent spontaneous regression, and subsequent radiographs of the chest and cervical spine revealed heterotopic ossifications of the neck and thorax. Early diagnosis of FOP is vital because trauma, unnecessary biopsy and intramuscular injection are known to cause acceleration of heterotopic ossifications. Previous studies reported diffuse soft tissue swelling at the posterior neck, thoracic wall or paraspinal region as preosseous lesions of FOP (Shiva Kumar et al. Neurology. 2010;74(6):e20, Merchant et al. Pediatr Radiol. 2006;36(10):1108-11, Hagiwara et al. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003;181(4):1145-7). To our knowledge, diffuse soft tissue swelling of the scalp as a preosseous lesion of FOP and associated MRI findings have not yet been reported. We believe that awareness of preosseous lesions presenting as diffuse soft tissue swelling, in addition to shortening and valgus deformity of the great toes, is an important diagnostic clue for establishing FOP.

PMID: 27003387 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Influence of cochlear implantation on vestibular function.

Influence of cochlear implantation on vestibular function.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Mar 23;:1-5

Authors: Chen X, Chen X, Zhang F, Qin Z

Abstract
Conclusion Vestibular function in patients can be damaged following cochlear implantation. Therefore, assessing the pre-operative vestibular status, carefully choosing the side of implantation, and preserving function by using minimally invasive surgical techniques are important. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the influence of cochlear implantation on vestibular function in patients with severe and profound sensorineural hearing loss, and to analyze a possible correlation between the changes in vestibular testing and post-operative vestibular symptoms. Methods Thirty-four patients were evaluated for vestibular function using the cervical and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP and oVEMP, respectively), and 29 patients underwent caloric tests pre-operatively and 4 weeks post-operatively. Results Before surgery, the cVEMPs were recorded bilaterally in 22 patients, unilaterally in eight patients, and absent bilaterally in four patients. The oVEMPs were recorded bilaterally in 19 patients, unilaterally in six patients, and absent bilaterally in nine patients. After implantation, the cVEMPs were absent in 10 patients and the oVEMPs were absent in seven patients on the implanted side. Caloric tests demonstrated canal paresis in 17 patients, and normal responses were recorded in 12 of the 29 patients pre-operatively. There was a significant decrease post-implantation in the ear implanted, with the exception of two patients. Two patients presented with vertigo and another two patients reported slight unsteadiness post-operatively, but all symptoms resolved within 7 days. The impaired vestibular function did not correlate with vestibular symptoms, age, or gender. Function on the contralateral side remained unaffected.

PMID: 27008103 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Clinicopathological analysis of salivary gland tissue from patients with IgG4-related disease.

Clinicopathological analysis of salivary gland tissue from patients with IgG4-related disease.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Mar 23;:1-5

Authors: Takano K, Nomura K, Abe A, Kamekura R, Yamamoto M, Ichimiya S, Takahashi H, Himi T

Abstract
Conclusion The diagnosis of immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) should be based on the morphology of tissue biopsy, and this study recommends a submandibular gland (SMG) biopsy for accurate diagnosis and to exclude malignant disease. Objective To clarify which type of biopsy specimen (SMG or labial salivary gland [LSG]) should be taken from patients with IgG4-RD. Methods This study included 33 patients with IgG4-RD (21 women; 12 men) who were subjected to both SMG and LSG biopsies at Sapporo Medical University between 2011-2015. Tissues obtained from the SMG and LSG specimens were evaluated. Results All SMG specimens satisfied the diagnostic criteria for IgG4-RD, whereas 19 (57.6%) LSG specimens satisfied the diagnostic criteria for IgG4-RD. Histological evaluation showed fibrosis in all the SMG specimens and in eight LSG specimens (24.2%). Obliterative phlebitis was seen in nine SMG specimens (27.3%), but it was absent in all the LSG specimens.

PMID: 27007955 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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T-status and an oral fluoropyrimidine, S-1, adjuvant chemotherapy are prognostic factors in reduced-RADPLAT for resectable hypopharyngeal cancer.

T-status and an oral fluoropyrimidine, S-1, adjuvant chemotherapy are prognostic factors in reduced-RADPLAT for resectable hypopharyngeal cancer.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Mar 23;:1-7

Authors: Wakisaka N, Hirai N, Kondo S, Aga M, Nakanishi Y, Tsuji A, Endo K, Murono S, Yoshizaki T

Abstract
CONCLUSION: Reduced-RADPLAT for HPC achieved comparative survival and locoregional control rates with lower toxicities compared with concurrent chemoradiotherapies including original RADPLAT. S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy showed a survival benefit.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicities of targeted intra-arterial (IA) infusion of cisplatin with concurrent radiotherapy with a reduced dose (reduced-RADPLAT) for resectable hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC).
METHODS: Between 1999-2012, 50 patients with stage II-IVA HPC primarily treated by reduced-RADPLAT were analyzed. They were treated by 2-5 courses of IA cisplatin infusion (100 mg per body) with simultaneous systemic infusion of sodium thiosulfate concurrent with conventional radiotherapy (66-70 Gy). After 2003, S-1, an oral fluoropyrimidine, adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to all eligible patients.
RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 48.6 months, the estimated 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), locoregional control, and laryngoesophageal dysfunction-free survival (LEDFS) rates were 76.0% and 62.0%, 58.0% and 50.0%, 66.0% and 62.0%, and 56.0% and 54.0%, respectively. Grade 3 toxicities were observed in 30.0%. No patient had grade 4 or higher toxicities. No patient required tube feeding or tracheotomy at 3 months after treatment. T4-lesions and S-1 administration were significant factors predicting poor and good OS, PFS, and LEDFS, respectively.

PMID: 27007816 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Detection of pneumolabyrinth after temporal bone trauma using computed tomography.

Detection of pneumolabyrinth after temporal bone trauma using computed tomography.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Mar 23;:1-5

Authors: Choi JW, Lyu AR, Ryu KA, Kim D, Park YH

Abstract
CONCLUSION: Pneumolabyrinth is a very rare condition, even in otic capsule disrupting (OCD) fracture. Hearing was not always impaired, even in cases with OCD fracture. The co-existence of pneumocochlea, regarded as a risk factor for total hearing loss, was extremely rare in cases of pneumolabyrinth.
OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were to analyze the radiological and clinical features in patients with pneumolabyrinth and to overcome the diagnostic pitfalls encountered during pneumocochlea detection.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The temporal bone computed tomographies (TBCT) of 402 patients diagnosed with temporal bone fracture along with their clinical records were retrospectively reviewed.
RESULTS: Only six patients (7% of those with OCD fractures or 1.5% of those with temporal bone fracture) were found to have pneumolabyrinth. Locations of the pneumolabyrinth were in the vestibule in all six cases and three of them showed air densities both in the cochlea and semicircular canal. The size of the air density in the vestibule was 5.38 ± 4.56 mm(2) at the axial view and 6.57 ± 5.67 mm(2) at the coronal view. The mean minimal Hounsfield unit (HU) of air density area in the vestibule was -968.1 ± 22.94 at the axial view and -941 ± 16.88 at the coronal view. Patients with pneumocochlea eventually developed total hearing loss.

PMID: 27007704 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Are corticosteroids useful in all degrees of severity and rapid recovery of Bell's palsy?

Are corticosteroids useful in all degrees of severity and rapid recovery of Bell's palsy?

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Mar 22;:1-6

Authors: Ferreira M, Firmino MJ, Marques EA, Santos PC, Duarte JA

Abstract
Conclusions The results provide preliminary evidence that corticosteroids were not effective in all grades of dysfunction and for achieving a rapid remission in the early phase of BP, highlighting the need to define standard and rigorous criteria to prescribe corticosteroids in these patients. Objectives The main aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of corticosteroids better associated than paralleled with neuromuscular training (C + FNT) is more effective than facial neuromuscular training (FNT) applied alone, in terms of recovery degree and facial symmetry during the early phase of Bell's palsy (BP). Patients and methods A prospective single-blinded study involved 73 patients: the C + FNT group (n = 42; median age = 37.5 years) and FNT group (n = 31; median age = 49.0 years). Patients were assessed before and 6 weeks after treatment by House-Brackmann (HB-FGS) and Sunnybrook Facial Grading System (SB-FGS). Results Recovery degree and facial symmetry improved significantly in both groups (p < 0.001), without differences between groups (p > 0.05). However, the C + FNT group displayed better outcomes for cheek (p = 0.004) and mouth (p = 0.022) resting symmetry at SB-FGS, instead of compared to the FNT group. The corticosteroids had no significant effect on all recovery degrees (p = 0.992) and rapid remission (p = 0.952). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the type of intervention was not a significant predictor for recovery degree (p = 0.917).

PMID: 27003272 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Evaluation of cochlear nerve diameter and cross-sectional area in ANSD patients by 3.0-Tesla MRI.

Evaluation of cochlear nerve diameter and cross-sectional area in ANSD patients by 3.0-Tesla MRI.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Mar 22;:1-8

Authors: Peng L, Xiao Y, Liu L, Mao Z, Chen Q, Zhou L, Liao B, Liu A, Wang X

Abstract
CONCLUSIONS: The size of cochlear nerve (CN) is atrophic in adult auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) patients compared with non-ANSD sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) patients and normal hearing subjects, and CN deficiency is one of the lesions for ANSD patients.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the dimensions of CN in adult ANSD patients on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and confirm the hypothesis that CN deficiency is one of the lesions for ANSD patients.
METHODS: Medical records and MRI of 24 adult ANSD patients reviewed retrospectively and 20 non-ANSD SNHL and 24 volunteers with normal hearing were recruited as control groups. The long diameter (LD), short diameter (SD), and cross-sectional area (CSA) of CN and facial nerve (FN) were measured.
RESULTS: Among the 24 ANSD patients, this study was able to reconstruct and measure the CN of 91.7% (22/24, total 43 ears) of patients and FN of 83.3% (20/24, total 38 ears) of patients. The mean values and standard deviations of LD, SD, and CSA of CN in ANSD patients were 0.65 ± 0.20 mm, 0.44 ± 0.15 mm, and 0.30 ± 0.19 mm(2), respectively. They were significantly smaller in ANSD patients than in control groups (p < 0.001).

PMID: 27003148 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Closed reduction for arytenoid dislocation under local anesthesia.

Closed reduction for arytenoid dislocation under local anesthesia.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Mar 22;:1-7

Authors: Cao L, Wu X, Mao W, Hayes C, Wei C

Abstract
CONCLUSION: Closed reduction under local anesthesia continues to be an effective and well-tolerated method for treating arytenoid dislocation. Bilateral arytenoid dislocation is an uncommon occurrence, and the principles of management are the same as for unilateral dislocation.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the treatment outcomes of closed reduction for arytenoid dislocation under local anesthesia and to conduct an exhaustive review of the literature on bilateral arytenoid dislocation.
METHODS: Thirty-three patients with arytenoid dislocation were treated with closed reduction under local anesthesia. Arytenoid motion, GRBAS (grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain), maximum phonation time (MPT), self-assessed Voice Handicap Index (VHI), and acoustic voice analysis were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes.
RESULTS: Following closed reduction, 33 patients were divided into a 'satisfied' group (n = 26) and a 'dissatisfied' group (n = 7). In the 'satisfied' group, G, R, B, A, MPT, VHI, jitter%, shimmer%, normalized noise energy (NNE), and noise-to-harmonic ratio (NHR) were significantly improved compared with measurements taken before closed reduction (p < 0.05). The results for F0 and S score were not significantly different. In the 'dissatisfied' group, VHI, MPT, F0, and shimmer% were not significantly different 1 month after reduction. However, statistically significant change was observed in jitter% and NHR.

PMID: 27002978 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Vestibular function disorders and potential mechanisms in irradiation nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.

Vestibular function disorders and potential mechanisms in irradiation nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Mar 22;:1-5

Authors: Sun D, Zhao M, Yin J, Xu Y, Zhang H, Xia M

Abstract
CONCLUSIONS: Vestibular function disorders were widespread among nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. The radiation doses to the inner ears were associated with the incidence of vestibular function disorders, but the correlations were mild. The inflammatory responses and possible resolution obstacles of inflammation participated in persistent vestibular function disorders after irradiation.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the incidence of vestibular function disorders in NPC patients after irradiation and potential mechanisms.
METHODS: Patients who received radical intensity-modulated radiotherapy for their NPC were recruited. The serum levels of IL-6 and IL-17 were detected by ELISA method. Vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) tests were used to evaluate vestibular function and correlation analyses were used to analyze the potential mechanisms of vestibular function disorders.
RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients were included. The incidences of abnormal ocular VEMP (oVEMP) and cervical VEMP (cVEMP) were 65.79% and 80.26% at the time of completion of radiotherapy, and 61.84% and 71.05% at 3 months after radiotherapy. The mean and maximum radiation doses to the inner ears were both significantly associated with abnormal oVEMP and cVEMP (p < 0.05, all), but the correlations were all mild. The serum levels of IL-6 and IL-17 were both significantly associated with abnormal oVEMP and cVEMP after irradiation (p < 0.05, all).

PMID: 27002826 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Effects of functional endoscopic sinus surgery on the treatment of bronchiectasis combined with chronic rhino-sinusitis.

Effects of functional endoscopic sinus surgery on the treatment of bronchiectasis combined with chronic rhino-sinusitis.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Mar 22;:1-4

Authors: Wang Y, Yang HB

Abstract
CONCLUSION: Idiopathic bronchiectasis is closely associated with chronic rhino-sinusitis. It can effectively control bronchiectasic symptoms to treat chronic rhino-sinusitis by FESS in the cases with bronchiectasis and chronic rhino-sinusitis.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) on the treatment of bronchiectasis combined with chronic rhino-sinusitis.
METHODS: In this study, a total of 161 cases with bronchiectasis and chronic rhino-sinusitis were divided into medication group and operation group according to the therapeutic method for chronic rhino-sinusitis selected by them. For the treatment of chronic rhino-sinusitis, the cases in the operation group received FESS, but in the medication group cases took drugs alone. The score of clinical symptoms for bronchiectasis, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), SNOT-22 score, and Lund-Mackay score were evaluated for all cases before and after treatment, respectively, and then the value changes in the score of clinical symptoms, FEV1, SNOT-22 score, and Lund-Mackay score between both time points were calculated. The frequency of acute exacerbation for bronchiectasis was also recorded within the 6-month follow-up.
RESULTS: In this study, 58.9% of cases with bronchiectasis had chronic rhino-sinusitis. Follow-up lasted 6 months. Compared with pre-therapy, post-therapy score of clinical symptoms, SNOT-22 score, and Lund-Mackay score were all significantly decreased (all p < 0.05), but post-therapy FEV1 failed to significantly improve (p > 0.05) in both groups. During the 6-month follow-up, the frequency of acute exacerbation was significantly less in the operation group than in the medication group (p < 0.01). Post-treatment score of clinical symptoms (p < 0.01), SNOT-22 score (p < 0.05), and Lund-Mackay score (p < 0.05) also were all significantly less in the operation group than in the medication group. However, there was no significant difference in post-therapy FEV1 between the two groups (p > 0.05).

PMID: 27002736 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Evaluation of carotid artery intima-media thickness in patients with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome after nasal surgery and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty.

Evaluation of carotid artery intima-media thickness in patients with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome after nasal surgery and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Mar 22;:1

Authors: Onder H, Ozel D, Inci MF, Ozkan F

PMID: 27002632 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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[Balloon dilatation of the Eustachian tube during middle ear surgery : Study planning and first experiences during recruitment].

[Balloon dilatation of the Eustachian tube during middle ear surgery : Study planning and first experiences during recruitment].

HNO. 2016 Mar 22;

Authors: Zirkler J, Rahne T, Lautenschläger C, Honigmann R, Plontke SK

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Eustachian tube dysfunction is considered a major contributor to chronic middle ear disease. In clinical case series, the results of balloon dilation (balloon Eustachian tuboplasty, BET) as a treatment for Eustachian tube dysfunction have been reported.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyze whether patients undergoing planned surgery for chronic middle ear disease would benefit from additional BET.
METHODS: In a randomized controlled, patient and observer (not surgeon)-blind clinical study, 100 adult patients with planned surgery for chronic middle ear disease will be investigated. Patients will be randomized into two groups, one of which (50%) will receive additional BET of the affected side during the planned surgery. Eustachian tube function will be evaluated using the Valsalva maneuver and tubomanometry according to Estève, as well as on the basis of patient reports. Various scores will be used as outcome measures, including ETS-5 (Eustachian Tube Score 5), the extended version ETS-7, and the ETDQ-7 (Seven-Item Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire). Follow-up is at 3, 6, and 12 months.
RESULTS: From June to December 2015, 162 patients underwent microscopic ear surgery. Inclusion criteria were not fulfilled by 90 patients. Of the remaining 72 patients with chronic middle ear disease, 12 patients (17 %) have been randomized so far, 28 (39 %) did not exhibit Eustachian tube dysfunction, and 32 (44 %) patients could not be included for other reasons.
CONCLUSION: The rate of recruitment was lower than expected. Depending on the case number calculations for the patient groups identified in the study for whom BET might be particularly beneficial, multicenter studies in specific disease groups may follow.

PMID: 27002857 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Identification of operculum and surgical results in endolymphatic sac drainage surgery.

Identification of operculum and surgical results in endolymphatic sac drainage surgery.

Auris Nasus Larynx. 2016 Mar 19;

Authors: Kitahara T, Yamanaka T

Abstract
To increase the accuracy of identification of the endolymphatic sac during endolymphatic sac drainage surgery, we focused on the intra-operative identification of the operculum as a structural marker of the endolymphatic sac and the vestibular aqueduct at the rugose portion. Then, we examined the relationship between identification of the operculum and surgical outcomes. We used 100 cases with intractable Meniere's disease who received endolymphatic sac drainage with local steroid administration, superior to traditional endolymphatic sac drainage surgery and non-surgical medical treatment. According to operation records, we divided these 100 cases into those with intra-operative identification of the operculum (n=72) and those without (n=28) and compared the surgical outcomes. The ratio of intra-operative identification of operculum (OPC(+)) was 72.0%. Better hearing results were observed significantly more often in patients with OPC(+), although there were no significant differences in vertigo results between OPC(+) and OPC(-). We concluded that the endolymphatic sac might be exposed adequately at rugose portion and opened for the drug delivery, resulting in better surgical results.

PMID: 27004943 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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[Advances in diagnosis and treatment of Meniere's disease].

[Advances in diagnosis and treatment of Meniere's disease].

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2015 Oct;29(19):1749-53

Authors: Zhang X, Dong Y, Shi M

Abstract
Meniere's disease (MD), a kind of common disease of otology, is based on the endolymphatic hydrops. The clinical features of MD are intermittent episodes of vertigo, fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus and ear fullness. With the in-depth exploration of the disease, the diagnosis and treatment of MD has made a series of research results. In this paper, the related literature and research reports in recent years were reviewed.

PMID: 26999855 [PubMed - in process]

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Botulinum Toxin Dosing Trends in Spasmodic Dysphonia Over a 20-year Period.

Botulinum Toxin Dosing Trends in Spasmodic Dysphonia Over a 20-year Period.

J Voice. 2016 Mar 18;

Authors: Namin AW, Christopher KM, Eisenbeis JF

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The study aims to (1) identify the botulinum toxin (BTX) dosing trend in a cohort of patients who received at least 20 injections for the treatment of adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD), (2) describe two distinct BTX dosing trends in treating ADSD (a "classic" dosing trend that initially decreases before stabilizing, and a "fluctuating" dosing trend), and (3) determine if patients with the "classic" dosing trend differed in age or in dosing intervals from those with the "fluctuating" dosing trend.
STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective case series.
METHODS: Of 149 patients who received a total of 2484 BTX injections for the treatment of spasmodic dysphonia in 1993-2013, 49 patients received at least 20 injections. The BTX dose and the interval between doses were recorded. The mean dose of injections 1-20 was determined. The age at initial injection, initial dose, and interval in days between treatments were compared for the "fluctuating" and "classic" groups.
RESULTS: The cohort exhibits a significant decrease in dose during the first 10-15 injections. The "fluctuating" group had a significantly shorter interval between injections (mean interval = 97.09 days, SD = 29.41; mean interval = 136.90 days, SD = 43.76, P = 0.002). The mean age at initial dose was not significantly different between the "classic" and "fluctuating" groups.
CONCLUSIONS: The average BTX dose of patients with ADSD who receive long-term injections significantly decreases during the initial 10-15 injections before stabilizing. Patients who exhibit the "fluctuating" dosing pattern have a significantly shorter interval between injections than those with the "classic" dosing pattern.

PMID: 27005439 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Symptomatic Anterior Cervical Osteophyte Causing Dysphagia: Case Report, Imaging, and Review of the Literature.

Symptomatic Anterior Cervical Osteophyte Causing Dysphagia: Case Report, Imaging, and Review of the Literature.

Cureus. 2016;8(2):e473

Authors: Chen YR, Sung K, Tharin S

Abstract
Anterior cervical osteophytes are found in 20-30% of elderly patients. Rarely, severe osteophytes can cause dysphagia, dysphonia, and dyspnea. Here, we illustrate a case of severe dysphagia caused by a large post-traumatic osteophyte with oropharyngeal swallow study showing a significant mass effect on the pharynx and resolution following osteophytectomy. We also review the literature regarding the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of symptomatic anterior cervical osteophytes.

PMID: 27004150 [PubMed]

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The Carina© middle ear implant: surgical and functional outcomes.

The Carina© middle ear implant: surgical and functional outcomes.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Mar 23;

Authors: Bruschini L, Berrettini S, Forli F, Murri A, Cuda D

Abstract
The Carina© system (Cochlear Ltd, Sydney, Australia) is a totally implantable prosthesis designed to meet the needs of acoustic amplification in adults with moderate-to-severe sensorineural or mixed hearing loss. It mechanically stimulates the ossicles or labyrinthine windows. The object of this study was to update surgical and functional results obtained in a consistent sample of Carina© recipients. The data sheets of 26 patients who underwent Carina© surgery at two ENT units [i.e., ENT Audiology and Phoniatrics Unit of the University Hospital of Pisa (Pisa, Italy) and ENT Unit of "Guglielmo da Saliceto" Hospital of Piacenza (Piacenza, Italy)] were evaluated for the surgical and audiological outcomes. Twenty patients received a unilateral device, whereas six patients were bilaterally implanted (simultaneously in one patient and sequentially in the remaining five patients). The total number of ears implanted in this study was 32. Most implanted patients expressed a high degree of satisfaction with the prosthesis, which highlights the improvement in hearing in different environmental conditions, the cosmetic advantages, and greater freedom in performing common activities in daily living. Audiological examination demonstrated valid functional gain and significant improvement in speech perception in quiet. Based on this experience, the Carina© is a valid alternative to hearing aids. Moreover, a bilateral implantation, even a simultaneous implantation, is a viable option for selected motivated patients because the intervention is generally well tolerated and the surgery time is relatively fast.

PMID: 27007286 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Granular cell tumor in two oral anatomic sites.

Granular cell tumor in two oral anatomic sites.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Mar 23;

Authors: Serpa MS, Costa-Neto H, de Oliveira PT, da Silveira ÉJ, de Medeiros AM

Abstract
Granular cell tumor (GCT) is an uncommon benign soft tissue neoplasm, which usually presents as a solitary nodule, appearing especially in the tongue. There are few cases of multiple oral GCT in the English-language literature, with only three cases reported in the last 20 years. This report describes a case of two oral GCT in a young patient and provides a literature review from 1995 to 2015. Clinical characteristics of the reviewed cases were retrieved and compared with the present case. Exceptionally, the current case was the only one that occurred in an adolescent and solely affected the oral cavity. Besides the oral cavity, the other cases also observed GCT lesions in the skin. Although rare, it is important to know multiple oral GCT clinical and histopathological characteristics so they can be correctly diagnosed, treated and followed up.

PMID: 27007285 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Voice outcomes of laryngopharyngeal reflux treatment: a systematic review of 1483 patients.

Voice outcomes of laryngopharyngeal reflux treatment: a systematic review of 1483 patients.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Mar 23;

Authors: Lechien JR, Finck C, Costa de Araujo P, Huet K, Delvaux V, Piccaluga M, Harmegnies B, Saussez S

Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore voice quality modifications in laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) disease and to understand better the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of communicative disability. Biological Abstracts, BioMed Central, Cochrane database, PubMed and Scopus were assessed for subject headings using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) recommendations. Relevant studies published between January 1990 and December 2015 describing the evaluation of voice quality in LPR disease were retrieved. Issues of clinical relevance, such as LPR diagnosis method, treatment efficacy and outcomes, were evaluated for each study. We determined the grade of recommendation for each publication according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine evidence levels. The search identified 145 publications, of which 25 studies met the inclusion criteria for a total of 1483 LPR patients. Data were extracted by 2 independent physicians who identified 16 trials with a IIb evidence level, 7 trials with a IIa evidence level and 2 RCTs with a Ib evidence level where 4 patient-based instruments and 5 clinician-based instruments were used. The main voice assessment outcomes reported were hoarseness assessments by physicians or patients, followed by acoustic parameters; 15 and 14 articles, respectively, demonstrated significant improvements in subjective and objective voice assessments after treatment. The methodology used to measure acoustic parameters (i.e. sustained vowel duration, the sample portion choice for measurement, etc.) varied from one study to another. The majority of studies indicated that voice quality assessments (especially acoustic parameters) remain an interesting outcome to measure the effectiveness of treatment, but further studies using standardised and transparent methodology to measure acoustic parameters are necessary to confirm the place of each tool in the LPR disease evaluation.

PMID: 27007132 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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A comparison of electrothermal bipolar vessel sealing system and electrocautery in selective neck dissection.

A comparison of electrothermal bipolar vessel sealing system and electrocautery in selective neck dissection.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Mar 23;

Authors: Ozturk K, Kaya I, Turhal G, Ozturk A, Gursan G, Akyildiz S

Abstract
The use of LigaSure™ vessel sealing system in head and neck surgery was reported to be reliable and safe, providing sufficient hemostasis and reducing operating time. The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy of this technique in patients undergoing selective neck dissections. This study was carried out as a prospective controlled study at an otolaryngology department of a tertiary medical center between July 2013 and July 2015. Twenty-five patients older than 18 years who underwent unilateral selective neck dissection for head and neck cancer were included in the study. In the control group (group 2, 10 patients) only monopolar and bipolar diathermy was used; in the Ligasure group (group 1, 15 patients) Ligasure was used for hemostasis and dissection in addition to the conventional techniques. Cervical lymphadenectomy time, operation time, preoperative hemoglobin levels, preoperative hematocrit levels, postoperative hemoglobin levels, postoperative hematocrit levels, total neck drainage and drain removal time were analyzed and compared between the groups. Median operation time in group 1 and 2 were 95 min (IQR = 35) and 142.5 min (IQR = 63), respectively. Median cervical lymphadenectomy time in group 1 and 2 were 55 min (IQR = 23) and 102.5 min (IQR = 49), respectively. Median operation time and cervical operation time were significantly lower in group 1 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, LigaSure™ vessel sealing system is a safe, efficacious technique and significantly lowers cervical lymphadenectomy and operation time in selective neck dissections compared to controls. Given the superb hemostatic properties, this technique should be in the surgeon's armamentarium when possible.

PMID: 27007131 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Long-term follow-up after "one-shot" CO2 laser stapedotomy: is the functional outcome stable during the years?

Long-term follow-up after "one-shot" CO2 laser stapedotomy: is the functional outcome stable during the years?

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Mar 23;

Authors: Sergi B, Lucidi D, De Corso E, Paludetti G

Abstract
The use of "one-shot" CO2 laser technique for a primary small-fenestra stapedotomy is well established, but few papers report the long-term functional results. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 198 patients, treated for otosclerosis from January 2008 to December 2011, at the Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Catholic University of Rome. Statistical comparison between audiological thresholds obtained 24 h preoperatively, at early (4 weeks) and late postoperative examinations (mean time 45 months), was performed. Comparison of preoperative vs both early and late postoperative ACPTA showed a statistically significant difference (respectively 55 vs 33 and 31 dB; p < 0.001). No statistical difference was observed between preoperative, early and late postoperative BCPTA (respectively 23 vs 23 and 22 dB; p > 0.05). Both early and late postoperative ABG improved significantly compared to the preoperative one (respectively 10 and 9 vs 32 dB; p < 0.001). No statistical difference was found in comparison of early vs late postoperative ACPTA (respectively 33 vs 31 dB; p > 0.05), early vs late postoperative ABG (respectively 10 vs 9 dB; p > 0.05) and early vs late ABG gain (respectively 22 vs 23 dB; p > 0.05). No subjects developed postoperative complications requiring revision surgery or late deterioration of hearing threshold. The analysis of our data suggests that "one-shot" CO2 laser stapedotomy is an effective and safe procedure: it allows a rapid stapedotomy without damages for the inner ear and optimal functional results that remain stable during the years.

PMID: 27007130 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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A comprehensive 6-year retrospective study on medialisation thyroplasty in the Indian population.

A comprehensive 6-year retrospective study on medialisation thyroplasty in the Indian population.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Mar 22;

Authors: Nerurkar NK, Pawar SM, Dighe SN

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to describe a series of patients who have undergone medialisation thyroplasty (with or without arytenoid adduction) at our centre with respect to demographics, aetiology for unilateral vocal fold paralysis, pre- and postoperative maximum phonation time, amount of anterior and posterior medialisation required and complications. A comparative analysis with international studies was also performed. A retrospective analysis was performed on 67 patients, who underwent medialisation thyroplasty at our centre from August 2008 to August 2014. All the medialisation thyroplasty were performed using Netterville's technique. The average anterior medialisation needed was 2.25 mm (SD 1.05 mm) while the average posterior medialisation needed was 6.75 mm (SD 1.79 mm). Our study is the first to determine the amount of anterior and posterior medialisation needed in the Indian population. Mean anterior and posterior medialisation required was found to be the same, regardless of the age, gender of the patient and side of surgery.

PMID: 27002319 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Woodworkers and the inflammatory effects of softwood/hardwood dust: evidence from nasal cytology.

Woodworkers and the inflammatory effects of softwood/hardwood dust: evidence from nasal cytology.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Mar 21;

Authors: Lovato A, Staffieri C, Ottaviano G, Cappellesso R, Giacomelli L, Bartolucci GB, Scapellato ML, Marioni G

Abstract
Our primary aim was to use nasal cytology to compare a group of woodworkers with a group of unexposed subjects to see whether wood dust exposure correlates with specific patterns of inflammatory or infectious rhinitis. A secondary aim was to seek any differences in nasal symptoms or nasal cytology between workers exposed to softwood vs hardwood dust, thereby comparing the inflammatory harmful potential of the two woods. Among 117 woodworkers at factories in the Veneto region (Italy), 40 exposed to either softwood or hardwood dust were assessed by means of a questionnaire, nasal cytology, and personal wood dust sampling, and compared with 40 unexposed controls. Woodworkers reported significantly more nasal symptoms than controls (p = 0.0007). The woodworker group's nasal smears contained significantly more neutrophils (p < 0.00001) and lymphocytes (p = 0.02) than the control group's. The softwood workers had significantly lower levels of personal exposure to wood dust than the hardwood workers (p = 0.04); there were no significant differences in age, history of cigarette smoking, or period of exposure between these two sub-cohorts of woodworkers. A statistical trend indicated that softwood workers had more eosinophils (p = 0.05) and lymphocytes (p = 0.05) in their rhinocytograms. Nasal cytology revealed chronic inflammatory rhinitis in a significant proportion of woodworkers' enroled in this study. It also suggested a different harmful potential for softwood and hardwood dust. Nasal cytology could prove useful in screening woodworkers for chronic inflammatory rhinitis. Further investigations are needed to examine the role of different types of wood dust in nasal inflammation.

PMID: 27001257 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Dizziness and vestibular function before and after cochlear implantation.

Dizziness and vestibular function before and after cochlear implantation.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Mar 21;

Authors: Rah YC, Park JH, Park JH, Choi BY, Koo JW

Abstract
Vestibular problems after cochlear implantation (CI) were explored by categorizing them according to clinical course and changes in objective vestibular function. The changes in vestibular function of 62 patients (66 ears) were analyzed and vestibular symptoms were divided into three categories by their time course and nature. Etiologies were determined by analyzing the symptoms in combination with changes in objective vestibular function, measured using the caloric and/or video head impulse test. Before surgery, vestibular function was normal in 31 cases (47.0 %), unilaterally hypofunctional in 14 (21.2 %), and bilaterally hypofunctional in 21 (31.8 %). Eight cases (12.1 %) reported dizziness before surgery. A total of 18 cases (27.3 %) experienced postoperative dizziness. Ten patients experienced immediate transient dizziness (including 2 cases of benign positional paroxysmal vertigo); four experienced immediate prolonged dizziness (including 3 cases of bilateral vestibular hypofunction); and four experienced recurrent episodic dizziness (including 3 cases of suspicious endolymphatic hydrops). The sums of the maximal slow-phase velocities (SPVs) of the implanted ears were changed from 22.70 ± 17.31 to 12.55 ± 12.02°/s after implantation (p = 0.004) with very little changes in the other side (32.65 ± 24.85-31.40 ± 29.10°/s). Careful review of vestibular status is an important step, especially when deciding implantation in the only vestibular functioning ear or bilateral implantation.

PMID: 27001256 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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A novel prognostic score model incorporating CDGSH Iron Sulfur Domain2 (CISD2) predicts risk of disease progression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

A novel prognostic score model incorporating CDGSH Iron Sulfur Domain2 (CISD2) predicts risk of disease progression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Oncotarget. 2016 Mar 17;

Authors: Yang L, Hong S, Wang Y, He Z, Liang S, Chen H, He S, Wu S, Song L, Chen Y

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The role of CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 (CISD2) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) remains unclear.
RESULTS: CISD2 were up-regulated in LSCC tissues compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues both at mRNA and protein levels. CISD2 was significantly correlated with T stage, lymph node metastasis, clinical stage and disease progression. A prognostic model (C-N model) for PFS was subsequently constructed based on independent prognostic factors including CISD2 and N classification. This model significantly divided LSCC patients into three risk subgroups and was more accurate than the prediction efficacy of TNM classification in the training cohort (C-index, 0.710 vs 0.602, P = 0.027) and validation cohort (C-index, 0.719 vs 0.578, P = 0.014).
METHODS: Real-time PCR and Western blotting were employed to examine the expression of CISD2 in eight fresh paired LSCC samples. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess CISD2 expression in 490 paraffin-embedded archived LSCC samples. A prognostic model for progression-free survival (PFS) was built using independent factors. The concordance index (C-Index) was used to evaluate the prognostic ability of the model.
CONCLUSIONS: CISD2 was up-regulated in LSCC. The novel C-N model, which includes CISD2 levels and N classification, is more accurate than conventional TNM classification for predicting PFS in LSCC.

PMID: 27007153 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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