Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου

Κυριακή 25 Σεπτεμβρίου 2022

Antibody response six months after the booster dose of Pfizer in previous recipients of CoronaVac

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Abstract

The most widely used vaccines were mRNA, viral vector, and inactivated virus with two-dose schedules. In Brazil, the CoronaVac (Sinovac) was the first vaccine approved for emergency use and the third dose was administered, preferably, with the BNT162b2 vaccine. We evaluated antibody levels after six months of the booster dose with BNT162B2 in previous recipients of CoronaVac and whether a subsequent SARS-COV-2 infection enhances the antibody response. We analyze of the humoral response, S IgM for the SARS-CoV-2, S IgG and N IgG in samples collected before the third dose and six months after the third dose. The presence of antibodies was measured by using Abbott Architect i2000SR. The IgM and IgG anti-spike were stimulated mainly in 30D/3D with a decline over time. The IgG anti-N was stimulated predominantly in 90/3D and 180/3D. The N IgG levels were 50 and 35 times higher in the positive PCR group in 90/3D and 180/3D, respectively. The S IgG titers were 1.5 times elevated in the positive PCR group, in 180/3D. The BNT162b2 boosted the S IgG levels, decreasing after the 60 days. The booster shot induced IgM and IgG antibodies against Spike protein. Infection after vaccination increased antibodies against protein N.

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Emergence of S gene‐based quasispecies explains an optimal adaptation of Omicron BA.5 subvariant in the immunocompetent vaccinated human host

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Abstract

In this study, we collected two subsequent swabs from 7 immunocompetent up to date vaccinated healthcare workers undergoing mild symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, and applied a next generation sequencing approach to establish the intra-host dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 quasispecies. Data obtained show that complex dynamics of viral quasispecies occur over a short period of time in patients infected with BA.1 and BA.2. as compared to patients infected with BA.2.3 and BA.5. The low frequency of quasispecies in BA.2.3- and BA.5-infected patients supports the hypothesis that these omicron sub-lineages are adapted to vaccine-elicited immune responses.

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Isthmus morphology influences debridement efficacy of activated irrigation: a laboratory study involving biofilm mimicking hydrogel removal and high‐speed imaging

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Abstract

Aim

Little is known about the influence of isthmus morphology on the debridement efficacy of activated irrigation. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of isthmus morphology on the debridement efficacy of laser-activated irrigation (LAI), EDDY and needle irrigation (NI), and to explain the methods of isthmus cleaning by LAI and EDDY.

Methodology

Four root canal models (apical diameter: 0.30 mm, taper: 0.06, curvature: 23°, length: 20 mm) were produced by CAD-CAM with different isthmus morphologies: long-wide (4 mm; 0.4 mm), long-narrow (4 mm; 0.15 mm), short-wide (2 mm; 0.4 mm) and short-narrow (2 mm; 0.15 mm). The isthmuses were filled with a hydrogel containing dentine debris. The canals were filled with irrigant and models were assigned to the following irrigation protocols (n=240): needle irrigation (NI) with a 30G needle, Eddy, and LAI (2940 nm Er:YAG-laser, 15 Hz, 40 mJ, SWEEPS, tip at the canal entrance). Standardized images of the isthmuses were taken before and after irrigation, and the amount of removed hydrogel was determined using image analysis software and compared across groups using Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's multiple comparison. Visualization of the isthmus during activation was achieved using a high-speed camera. The pattern and speed of the flow in the isthmus as well as transient and stable cavitation were analysed using imaging software.

Results

LAI, EDDY and NI removed more hydrogel in short-wide isthmuses than in narrow isthmuses (P<0.001). LAI and EDDY removed more hydrogel than NI in every isthmus configuration (P<0.001). EDDY showed eddies and stable cavitation, and LAI showed transient cavitation at each pulse, and pulsed horizontal flow with the highest particle speed in closed short isthmuses.

Conclusions

Isthmus morphology influences debridement in all irrigation groups. Short-wide isthmuses were the easiest to clean while narrow isthmuses were the most challenging to clean. Width seems to be a more critical anatomical parameter than length. LAI and EDDY resulted in the greatest biofilm removal and performed better than NI. EDDY produced eddies and stable cavitation in the isthmus, and LAI showed transient cavitation and pulsed horizontal flow.
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Optimal Timing of the Salivary Pepsin Test for the Diagnosis of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux

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Optimal Timing of the Salivary Pepsin Test for the Diagnosis of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux

Salivary pepsin testing combined waking, 1 h and 2 h after breakfast and lunch, and 1 h after dinner has almost the same diagnostic value as MTPSPT, and testing at these time points can be an effective method for diagnosing LPR.


Objective

To investigate the optimal time point for diagnosing laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) through combining 24-h hypopharyngeal-esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH (24-h HEMII-pH) monitoring and the multi-time point salivary pepsin test (MTPSPT).

Study Design

Prospective uncontrolled trial.

Method

Patients with and without LPR symptoms were included as the test group and the control group, respectively. The patients in the test group underwent 24-h HEMII-pH and MTPSPT. The results of 24-h HEMII-pH were used as a diagnostic criterion for LPR, and the diagnostic value of salivary pepsin tests performed at different time points was compared by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results

A total of 153 patients were included. Based on 24-h HEMII-pH, the positive rate of LPR in the test group of patients was 84.00%. In the control group, only one person (3.57%) had a positive salivary pepsin test result. The area under the curve (AUC) of the MTPSPT was 0.827. In addition, we separately calculated the AUC of the combined salivary pepsin test at different time points, and found good diagnostic value (AUC = 0.799) when the test was combined with the waking, 1 and 2 h after breakfast and lunch, and 1 h after dinner tests. However, when the number of tests were further increased, the diagnostic value did not improve significantly.

Conclusion

Salivary pepsin testing combined with waking, 1 h and 2 h after breakfast and lunch, and 1 h after dinner has almost the same diagnostic value as MTPSPT, and testing at these time points can be an effective method for diagnosing LPR.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 2022
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Co-administration of Oral Cholera Vaccine with Oral Polio Vaccine among Bangladeshi Young Children: A Randomized Controlled Open Label Trial to Assess Interference

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader

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Abstract
Background
Cholera remains a public health threat for low- and middle-income countries, particularly in Asia and Africa. ShancholTM, an inactivated oral cholera vaccine (OCV) is currently in use globally. OCV and oral poliovirus vaccines (OPV) could be administered concomitantly but the immunogenicity and safety of coadministration among children aged 1-3 years is unknown.
Method
We undertook an open-label, randomized, controlled, inequality trial in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Healthy children aged 1-3 years were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: bivalent OPV (bOPV)-alone, OCV-alone, or combined bOPV + OCV and received vaccines on the day of enrollment and 28 days later. Blood samples were collected on the day of enrollment, day 28, and day 56. Serum poliovirus neutralizing antibodies and vibriocidal antibodies against V. cholerae O1 were assessed using microneutralization assays.
Results
A total of 579 children aged 1‒3 years were recruited, 193 children per group. More than 90% of the children completed visits at day 56. Few adverse events following immunization were recorded and were equivalent among study arms. On day 28, 60% (90% Confidence interval, 53%-67%) and 54% (46%-61%) of participants with co-administration of bOPV + OCV responded to polioviruses type 1 and 3 respectively, compared to 55% (47%-62%) and 46% (38%-53%) in the bOPV-only group. Additionally, >50% of participants showed a ≥4-fold increase in vibriocidal antibody titre responses on day 28, comparable to the responses observed in OCV-only arm.
Conclusions
Co-administration of bOPV and OCV is safe and effective in children aged 1-3 years and can be cost-beneficial.
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Effects of vitamin D supplementation on muscle function and recovery after exercise‐induced muscle damage: a systematic review.

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ABSTRACT

Background

Vitamin D is essential for the optimal health of the skeletal system. However, this vitamin is also involved in other functions of the human body, such as muscle, immune and inflammatory ones. Some studies suggest that adequate levels of vitamin D support muscular function during exercise and accelerate recovery because they reduce specific pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, but those results have not always been observed. Therefore, this review aims to evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on inflammation, oxidative stress and recovery after exercise.

Methods

This systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines. A literature search of SPORTDiscuss, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus was performed from inception through February, 2021. The articles' methodological quality was assessed with the PEDro scale.

Results

After the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 eligible articles were included. A ll the studies were considered of moderate methodological quality. Ten studies involved regular vitamin D supplementation for more than 7 days, and one study performed acute vitamin D supplementation 24 h before exercise.

Conclusions

The existing evidence suggests that vitamin D supplementation for periods of more than 1 week with a minimum dose of 2000 IU/day appears to be an efficacious strategy for attenuating muscle damage and inflammation after exercise. The potential positive effects on muscle function, muscle pain and oxidative stress need to be confirmed with new investigations. Further research is also required to clarify the adequate vitamin D dosage to obtain positive effects without adverse effects.

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Blood counts in children with Down syndrome

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Abstract

Background

Children with Down syndrome (DS) are more likely to have hematologic and immunologic abnormalities compared to their typically developing peers, but normal ranges have not been defined. The goal of this study was to create references for complete blood counts (CBCs) in patients with DS.

Methods

A retrospective investigation of 355 (male = 196, 55.2%; mean age = 6.49 years, SD = 5.07) healthy pediatric patients with DS who received a CBC between 2011 and 2017 as part of their medical care at a single, large, pediatric teaching hospital. Control data on 770 healthy patients without DS were included. Descriptive statistics were performed on demographic and clinical characteristics. Kruskal–Wallis H tests, nested analysis-of-variance tests, and t-tests were run to determine the significant associations.

Results

Age-related normative curves for healthy children with DS outlining 2.5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 97.5th percentiles are provided for total white blood count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, and platelet, absolute neutrophil, absolute lymphocyte, eosinophil, monocyte, and basophil counts. Statistical differences were found between children with and without DS receiving care at the same hospital based on matched age/sex groups.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that patients with DS have different reference ranges for multiple blood counts compared to those without DS, creating a new resource for pediatricians to refer to when evaluating CBCs in this population.
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Clinical‐based oral rehabilitation programme improved the oral diadochokinesis and swallowing function of older patients with dementia: A randomized controlled trial

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader

Abstract

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of a clinical-based oral function intervention on oral function and care behaviours in older patients with mild dementia.

Method

Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). Both groups received a leaflet on oral health-related knowledge, and the EG also received an oral function intervention, which was a brief one-on-one lesson concerning oral exercise and preventive oral care. Oral exercise included turning the head, pouting lips, bulging cheeks, stretching tongue, articulation exercise, and salivary gland massages. A reminder phone call was made every 2 weeks. Perceived xerostomia and dysphagia, plaque index (PI), Winkel tongue-coating index (WTCI), repetitive saliva-swallowing test (RSST), oral diadochokinesis (DDK), and oral care behaviours were recorded at baseline and at 3-month follow up. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) were used to analyze the indicated effects.

Results

The EG(n=59) exhibited greater improvement to the CG(n=55) in RSST [β= 0.7; effect size (ES) = 0.45], the syllables /pa/ (β = 3.1; ES = 0.37) and /ka/ (β = 2.7; ES = 0.40) in oral DDK, PI (β = −0.2; ES = 0.52), and WTCI (β = −0.8; ES = 0.38). Moreover, the EG exhibited better preventive behaviours in regular dental visits [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.2], daily mouth cleaning frequency (aOR = 1.6), and mouth cleaning before sleep (aOR = 1.3).

Conclusion

The brief clinical-based intervention was effective in improving the swallowing function, oral DDK, and plaque control of older patients with mild dementia at 3-month follow-up.
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Association of growth patterns during infancy and puberty with lung function, wheezing and asthma in adolescents aged 17.5 years: evidence from ‘Children of 1997’ Hong Kong Chinese Birth Cohort

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader

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Abstract
BackgroundRapid growth is related to adverse respiratory outcomes although possibly confounded or limited by growth modelling methods. We investigated the association of infant and pubertal growth with lung function, wheezing and asthma in a non-Western setting.
Methods
In Hong Kong's 'Children of 1997' Chinese birth cohort (n = 8327), weight during infancy and weight, height and body mass index (BMI) during puberty were modelled using a super-imposition by translation and rotation model to identify (larger or smaller) size, (earlier or later) tempo and (slower or faster) velocity. Sex-specific associations with forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC (Global Lung function Initiative z-score) and self-reported wheezing and asthma at ∼17.5 years were assessed.
Results
For each fraction higher than average weight growth velocity during infancy, FVC w as higher in boys (0.90 SD, 95% CI 0.35; 1.44) and girls (0.77 SD, 95% CI 0.24; 1.30), FEV1/FVC was lower (–0.74 SD, 95% CI –1.38; –0.10) and wheezing was higher (odds ratio 6.92, 95% CI 1.60; 29.99) in boys and an inverse association with FVC was observed for tempo but not for size. Associations for weight growth velocity in puberty were similar but weaker. Greater size and higher velocity of BMI growth was associated with higher FVC, lower FEV1/FVC and higher asthma and wheezing risk.
Conclusion
Accelerated infant and pubertal weight growth were associated with disproportionate lung size and airway growth, and higher risk of asthma; optimizing early-life growth patterns could be important.
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