Prediction of the treatment outcome using intravoxel incoherent motion and diffusional kurtosis imaging in nasal or sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma patients.

Related Articles

Prediction of the treatment outcome using intravoxel incoherent motion and diffusional kurtosis imaging in nasal or sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma patients.

Eur Radiol. 2016 Jun 2;

Authors: Fujima N, Yoshida D, Sakashita T, Homma A, Tsukahara A, Shimizu Y, Tha KK, Kudo K, Shirato H

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic value of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) parameters in nasal or sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients to determine local control/failure.
METHODS: Twenty-eight patients were evaluated. MR acquisition used single-shot spin-echo EPI with 12 b-values. Quantitative parameters (mean value, 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles) of IVIM (perfusion fraction f, pseudo-diffusion coefficient D*, and true-diffusion coefficient D), DKI (kurtosis value K, kurtosis corrected diffusion coefficient Dk) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were calculated. Parameter values at both the pretreatment and early-treatment period, and the percentage change between these two periods were obtained.
RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression analysis: the percentage changes of D (mean, 25th, 50th, 75th), K (mean, 50th, 75th), Dk (mean, 25th, 50th), and ADC (mean, 25th, 50th) were predictors of local control. ROC curve analysis: the parameter with the highest accuracy = the percentage change of D value with the histogram 25th percentile (0.93 diagnostic accuracy). Multivariate Cox regression analyses: the percentage changes of D (mean, 25th, 50th), K (mean, 50th, 75th), Dk (mean, 25th, 50th) and ADC (mean, 25th, 50th) are predictors.
CONCLUSIONS: IVIM and DKI parameters, especially the D-value's histogram 25th percentile, are useful for predicting local control.
KEY POINTS: • Noninvasive assessment of treatment outcome in SCC patients was achieved using IVIM/DKI. • Several IVIM and DKI parameters can predict the local control. • Especially, the D-value's histogram 25th percentile has high diagnostic accuracy.

PMID: 27255401 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Age-related changes in mastication are not improved by tongue exercise in a rat model.

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Age-related changes in mastication are not improved by tongue exercise in a rat model.

Laryngoscope. 2016 Jun 3;

Authors: Krekeler BN, Connor NP

Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Aging results in progressive changes in deglutitive functions, which may be due in part to alterations in muscle morphology and physiology. Mastication is a critical component of bolus formation and swallowing, but aging effects on masticatory function have not been well studied.
STUDY DESIGN: The purpose of this study was to 1) quantify the effects of aging on mastication, and 2) determine the effects of tongue exercise on mastication in young adult and old rats. We hypothesized that there would be significant differences in mastication characteristics (number of bites, interval between bites, time to eat) as a function of age, and that tongue exercise would resolve preexercise differences between age groups.
METHODS: We expanded the established model of progressive, 8-week tongue exercise to include a mastication measurement: acoustic recordings of vermicelli pasta biting from 17 old and 17 young adult rats, randomized into exercise and control groups.
RESULTS: We found the following: 1) Mastication characteristics were impacted by age. Specifically in older rats, there was an increase in time to eat and number of bites and intervals between bites decreased, suggesting increased oral motor-processing requirements for bolus formation. 2) tongue exercise did not impact mastication behaviors in young adult or old rats.
CONCLUSION: Tongue exercise may not have been specific enough to result in behavioral changes in mastication or exercise dose may not have been sufficient. Nevertheless, results were noteworthy in expanding the established rat model of aging and have relevant clinical implications for future translation to human populations.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: N/A. Laryngoscope, 2016.

PMID: 27260802 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Oral medicine in academia.

Oral medicine in academia.

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2016 Jul;122(1):111

Authors: Scully C

PMID: 27260281 [PubMed - in process]

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Reliability of three-dimensional measurements of the upper airway on cone beam computed tomography images.

Reliability of three-dimensional measurements of the upper airway on cone beam computed tomography images.

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2016 Jul;122(1):104-10

Authors: Chen H, Aarab G, Parsa A, de Lange J, van der Stelt PF, Lobbezoo F

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was (1) to assess intra- and interobserver reliability of the localization of anatomic landmarks of the upper airway on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images; and (2) to assess intra- and interobserver reliability of the three-dimensional measurements of the upper airway based on these landmarks.
STUDY DESIGN: Fifteen NewTom 5G (QR systems, Verona, Italy) CBCT data sets were randomly selected from the archives of the Department of Oral Radiology, Academic Centre for Dentistry (ACTA) at University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Three observers localized six anatomic landmarks that are relevant for upper airway analysis twice, with a 10-day interval, using 3Diagnosys software (v5.3.1, 3diemme, Cantu, Italy). Subsequently, the observers performed upper airway volume measurement based on those landmarks twice as well, again with a 10-day interval, using Amira software (v4.1, Visage Imaging Inc., Carlsbad, CA). The upper airway measurements also included the minimum cross-sectional area (CSAmin), location of the CSAmin, and anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of the CSAmin.
RESULTS: Both intraobserver reliability and interobserver reliability were excellent for the localization of the anatomic landmarks of the upper airway (intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.97-1.00) as well as for the three-dimensional upper airway measurements (intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.78-1.00).
CONCLUSIONS: The methodology of landmark localization and upper airway measurements, as used in this study, showed an excellent reliability and can thus be recommended for upper airway analysis on CBCT images.

PMID: 27260280 [PubMed - in process]

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Etiology and pathogenesis of oral lichen planus: an overview.

Etiology and pathogenesis of oral lichen planus: an overview.

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2016 Jul;122(1):72-80

Authors: Kurago ZB

Abstract
Oral lichen planus is a noninfectious, chronic inflammatory condition that involves the oral mucosal stratified squamous epithelium and the underlying lamina propria and may be accompanied by skin lesions. This overview describes the current understanding of the immunopathologic mechanisms implicated in oral lichen planus.

PMID: 27260276 [PubMed - in process]

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The efficacy of botulinum toxin for the treatment of trigeminal and postherpetic neuralgia: a systematic review with meta-analyses.

The efficacy of botulinum toxin for the treatment of trigeminal and postherpetic neuralgia: a systematic review with meta-analyses.

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2016 Jul;122(1):61-71

Authors: Shackleton T, Ram S, Black M, Ryder J, Clark GT, Enciso R

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of a botulinum toxin type A (BoTN-A) in treating trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN).
STUDY DESIGN: Three databases were searched: Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. The search was restricted to English-language randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Three review authors evaluated the cases for risk of bias.
RESULTS: Six studies were eligible for inclusion. Pooled results showed a difference in post-treatment pain intensity of -3.009 (95% confidence interval -4.566 to -1.453; P < .001) in favor of BoTN-A compared with placebo in managing TN or PHN. Of the six studies, five had unclear risk of bias, and one showed high risk.
CONCLUSIONS: Although the studies had unclear or high risk of bias, moderate evidence regarding the efficacy of BoTN-A in treating TN and PHN was found. BoTN-A might be an alternative treatment to those patients who are either unable to manage their pain medically or would like adjunct therapy.

PMID: 27260275 [PubMed - in process]

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Oral Medicine-the new dental specialty.

Oral Medicine-the new dental specialty.

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2016 Jul;122(1):1-2

Authors: Miller CS

PMID: 27260274 [PubMed - in process]

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ACR Appropriateness Criteria Head Trauma.

ACR Appropriateness Criteria Head Trauma.

J Am Coll Radiol. 2016 Jun;13(6):668-679

Authors: Shetty VS, Reis MN, Aulino JM, Berger KL, Broder J, Choudhri AF, Kendi AT, Kessler MM, Kirsch CF, Luttrull MD, Mechtler LL, Prall JA, Raksin PB, Roth CJ, Sharma A, West OC, Wintermark M, Cornelius RS, Bykowski J

Abstract
Neuroimaging plays an important role in the management of head trauma. Several guidelines have been published for identifying which patients can avoid neuroimaging. Noncontrast head CT is the most appropriate initial examination in patients with minor or mild acute closed head injury who require neuroimaging as well as patients with moderate to severe acute closed head injury. In short-term follow-up neuroimaging of acute traumatic brain injury, CT and MRI may have complementary roles. In subacute to chronic traumatic brain injury, MRI is the most appropriate initial examination, though CT may have a complementary role in select circumstances. Advanced neuroimaging techniques are areas of active research but are not considered routine clinical practice at this time. In suspected intracranial vascular injury, CT angiography or venography or MR angiography or venography is the most appropriate imaging study. In suspected posttraumatic cerebrospinal fluid leak, high-resolution noncontrast skull base CT is the most appropriate initial imaging study to identify the source, with cisternography reserved for problem solving. The ACR Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed every three years by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and review include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer-reviewed journals and the application of a well-established consensus methodology (modified Delphi) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures by the panel. In those instances in which evidence is lacking or not definitive, expert opinion may be used to recommend imaging or treatment.

PMID: 27262056 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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An Overview of Nanoparticle Based Delivery for Treatment of Inner Ear Disorders.

An Overview of Nanoparticle Based Delivery for Treatment of Inner Ear Disorders.

Methods Mol Biol. 2016;1427:363-415

Authors: Pyykkö I, Zou J, Schrott-Fischer A, Glueckert R, Kinnunen P

Abstract
Nanoparticles offer new possibilities for inner ear treatment as they can carry a variety of drugs, protein, and nucleic acids to inner ear. Nanoparticles are equipped with several functions such as targetability, immuno-transparency, biochemical stability, and ability to be visualized in vivo and in vitro. A group of novel peptides can be attached to the surface of nanoparticles that will enhance the cell entry, endosomal escape, and nuclear targeting. Eight different types of nanoparticles with different payload carrying strategies are available now. The transtympanic delivery of nanoparticles indicates that, depending on the type of nanoparticle, different migration pathways into the inner ear can be employed, and that optimal carriers can be designed according to the intended cargo. The use of nanoparticles as drug/gene carriers is especially attractive in conjunction with cochlear implantation or even as an inclusion in the implant as a drug/gene reservoir.

PMID: 27259938 [PubMed - in process]

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Nanotechnology in Auditory Research: Membrane Electromechanics in Hearing.

Nanotechnology in Auditory Research: Membrane Electromechanics in Hearing.

Methods Mol Biol. 2016;1427:349-62

Authors: Araya M, Brownell WE

Abstract
The soft, thin membranes that envelop all living cells are 2D, nanoscale, fluid assemblies of phospholipids, sterols, proteins, and other molecules. Mechanical interactions between these components facilitate membrane function, a key example of which is ion flow mediated by the mechanical opening and closing of channels. Hearing and balance are initiated by the modulation of ion flow through mechanoreceptor channels in stereocilia membranes. Cochlear amplification by the outer hair cell involves modulation of ion movement by the membrane protein prestin. Voltage-gated ion channels shape the receptor potential in hair cells and are responsible for the initiation of action potentials that are at the heart of sensory processing in the brain. All three processes require a membrane and their kinetics are modulated by the mechanical (i.e., material) properties of the membrane. This chapter reviews the methodology for measuring the mechanics of cellular membranes and introduces a method for examining membrane electromechanics. The approach allows examination of electromechanically mediated interactions between the different molecular species in the membrane that contribute to the biology of hearing and balance.

PMID: 27259937 [PubMed - in process]

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A Rapid, Cost-Effective Method to Prepare Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus for Efficient Gene Transfer to the Developing Mouse Inner Ear.

A Rapid, Cost-Effective Method to Prepare Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus for Efficient Gene Transfer to the Developing Mouse Inner Ear.

Methods Mol Biol. 2016;1427:43-57

Authors: Gomes MM, Wang L, Jiang H, Kahl CA, Brigande JV

Abstract
There is keen interest to define gene therapies aimed at restoration of auditory and vestibular function in the diseased or damaged mammalian inner ear. A persistent limitation of regenerative medical strategies that seek to correct or modify gene expression in the sensory epithelia of the inner ear involves efficacious delivery of a therapeutic genetic construct. Our approach is to define methodologies that enable fetal gene transfer to the developing mammalian inner ear in an effort to correct defective gene expression during formation of the sensory epithelia or during early postnatal life. Conceptually, the goal is to atraumatically introduce the genetic construct into the otocyst-staged mouse inner ear and transfect otic progenitors that give rise to sensory hair cells and supporting cells. Our long-term goal is to define therapeutic interventions for congenital deafness and balance disorders with the expectation that the approach may also be exploited for therapeutic intervention postnatally.In the inaugural volume of this series, we introduced electroporation-mediated gene transfer to the developing mouse inner ear that encompassed our mouse survival surgery and transuterine microinjection protocols (Brigande et al., Methods Mol Biol 493:125-139, 2009). In this chapter, we first briefly update our use of sodium pentobarbital anesthesia, our preferred anesthetic for mouse ventral laparotomy, in light of its rapidly escalating cost. Next, we define a rapid, cost-effective method to produce recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) for efficient gene transfer to the developing mouse inner ear. Our immediate goal is to provide a genetic toolkit that will permit the definition and validation of gene therapies in mouse models of human deafness and balance disorders.

PMID: 27259920 [PubMed - in process]

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[The Freiburg speech intelligibility test : A pillar of speech audiometry in German-speaking countries].

[The Freiburg speech intelligibility test : A pillar of speech audiometry in German-speaking countries].

HNO. 2016 Jun 3;

Authors: Hoth S

Abstract
The Freiburg speech intelligibility test according to DIN 45621 was introduced around 60 years ago. For decades, and still today, the Freiburg test has been a standard whose relevance extends far beyond pure audiometry. It is used primarily to determine the speech perception threshold (based on two-digit numbers) and the ability to discriminate speech at suprathreshold presentation levels (based on monosyllabic nouns). Moreover, it is a measure of the degree of disability, the requirement for and success of technical hearing aids (auxiliaries directives), and the compensation for disability and handicap (Königstein recommendation). In differential audiological diagnostics, the Freiburg test contributes to the distinction between low- and high-frequency hearing loss, as well as to identification of conductive, sensory, neural, and central disorders. Currently, the phonemic and perceptual balance of the monosyllabic test lists is subject to critical discussions. Obvious deficiencies exist for testing speech recognition in noise. In this respect, alternatives such as sentence or rhyme tests in closed-answer inventories are discussed.

PMID: 27259640 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Letter to editor on "Efficiency of bimaxillary advancement surgery in increasing the volume of the upper airways: a systematic review of observational studies and meta-analysis".

Letter to editor on "Efficiency of bimaxillary advancement surgery in increasing the volume of the upper airways: a systematic review of observational studies and meta-analysis".

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Jun 3;

Authors: Rana SS, Kharbanda OP

PMID: 27260165 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Prevalence of tinnitus and hyperacusis in children and adolescents: a systematic review.

Prevalence of tinnitus and hyperacusis in children and adolescents: a systematic review.

BMJ Open. 2016;6(6):e010596

Authors: Rosing SN, Schmidt JH, Wedderkopp N, Baguley DM

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To systematically review studies of the epidemiology of tinnitus and hyperacusis in children and young people, in order to determine the methodological differences implicated in the variability of prevalence estimates and the influence of population characteristics on childhood tinnitus and hyperacusis.
DATA SOURCES: Articles were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus databases and from the relevant reference lists using the methods described in the study protocol, which has previously been published. Reporting Items for Systematic Review (PRISMA) guidelines were followed.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Studies addressing childhood prevalence, for example, children and young people aged 5-19 years.
DATA SELECTION: 2 reviewers independently assessed the studies for eligibility, extracted data and assessed study consistency. Owing to the heterogeneity in the methodologies among the reported studies, only narrative synthesis of the results was carried out.
RESULTS: Having identified 1032 publications, 131 articles were selected and 25 articles met the inclusion criteria and had sufficient methodological consistency to be included. Prevalence estimates of tinnitus range from 4.7% to 46% in the general paediatric population and among children with normal hearing, and from 23.5% to 62.2% of population of children with hearing loss. Reported prevalence ranged from 6% to 41.9% when children with hearing loss and normal hearing were both included. The prevalence of hyperacusis varied from 3.2% to 17.1%.
CONCLUSIONS: Data on prevalence vary considerably according to the study design, study population and the research question posed. The age range of children studied was varied and a marked degree of variation between definitions (tinnitus, hyperacusis) and measures (severity, perception, annoyance) was observed. The lack of consistency among studies indicates the necessity of examining the epidemiology of tinnitus and hyperacusis in children and adolescents with a set of standardised criteria.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42014013456.

PMID: 27259524 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Influence of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation on neural plasticity in the motor cortex related to swallowing.

Influence of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation on neural plasticity in the motor cortex related to swallowing.

Int J Rehabil Res. 2016 Jun 3;

Authors: Momosaki R, Kakuda W, Yamada N, Abo M

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation at two different frequencies (20 and 30 Hz) on cortical excitability in motor areas related to swallowing in healthy individuals. The study participants were 10 healthy normal volunteers (two women and eight men, age range 25-36 years). Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation was applied to the submandibular muscle using a parabolic coil at the site where contraction of the suprahyoid muscles was elicited. Stimulation was continued for 10 min (total 1200 pulses) at 20 Hz on 1 day and at 30 Hz on another day, with the stimulation strength set at 90% of the intensity that elicited pain. The motor-evoked potential amplitude of suprahyoid muscles was assessed before, immediately after, and 30 min after stimulation. Stimulations at both 20 and 30 Hz significantly increased motor-evoked potential amplitude (P<0.05), with the increase maintained until 30 min after stimulation. The motor-evoked potential amplitude immediately after stimulation was not significantly different between the 20 and 30 Hz frequencies. The results indicated that repetitive magnetic stimulation increased motor-evoked potential amplitude of swallowing muscles, suggesting facilitation of the motor cortex related to swallowing in healthy individuals.

PMID: 27262135 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Chronic C1-C2 Rotatory Subluxation Reduced by C1 Lateral Mass Screws and C2 Translaminar Screws: A Case Report.

Chronic C1-C2 Rotatory Subluxation Reduced by C1 Lateral Mass Screws and C2 Translaminar Screws: A Case Report.

J Pediatr Orthop. 2016 Jun 2;

Authors: Lavelle WF, Palomino K, Badve SA, Albanese SA

Abstract
BACKGROUND: C1-C2 rotatory subluxation can result from a variety or etiologies. Pediatric patients are particularly susceptible to C1-C2 rotatory subluxation. If left untreated the condition is termed an atlantoaxial rotatory fixation (AARF) and chronic neck pain and deformity can result. Patients failing conservative treatment or those with recurrent or chronic rotatory subluxation may require halo treatment or surgical intervention. This illustrative case report is about a patient with chronic C1-C2 AARF who was treated with C1 lateral mass screws and C2 translaminar screws, a treatment that has not been addressed by this technique in a pediatric population.
METHODS: This is a retrospective case review.
RESULTS: After an unsuccessful attempt at reduction, an 11-year-old girl underwent surgery to treat her C1-C2 AARF. Through an all posterior approach, screws were placed bilaterally into the C1 lateral masses followed by the placement of C2 translaminar screws bilaterally. A small amount of distraction was applied through the screw construct to open up the C1-C2 articulation and the AARF was open reduced and fused. A detailed postoperative computed tomographic scan focused on the occiput C1-C2 joint confirmed the anatomical reduction of the joint complex.
CONCLUSIONS: The patient had cosmetically pleasing relief of her torticollis and was doing well at 60 months after surgery.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.

PMID: 27261967 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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