Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου

Πέμπτη 16 Φεβρουαρίου 2023

Efficacy of adjunctive measures in peri‐implant mucositis. A systematic review and meta‐analysis

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader

Abstract

Aim

To answer the following PICO question: In systemically healthy humans with peri-implant mucositis (PiM), what is the efficacy of patient-performed or administered (by prescription) measures used adjunctively to submarginal instrumentation, as compared to submarginal instrumentation alone or combined with a negative control, in terms of reducing bleeding on probing (BOP), in randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) with at least 3-month follow-up?

Material and methods

Three databases were searched until April 2022. Weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and predictive intervals were calculated.

Results

16 parallel RCTs corresponding to 14 studies with low/moderate risk of bias were included. Test groups showed greater reductions in BOP (%) than control groups (nstudies=16; npatients=650; WMD=14.25%; 95% CI [9.06; 19.45]; p<0.001; I2=98.7%). The greatest WMD in BOP reductions (%) were obtained by antiseptics (ns=5; np=229; WMD=22.72%; 95% CI [19.40; 26.04]; p<0.001; I2=94.8%), followed by probiotics (ns=6; np=260; WMD=12.11%; 95% CI [3.20; 21.03]; p=0.008; I2=93.3%), and systemic antibiotics (ns=3; np=101; WMD=5.97%; 95% CI [1.34; 10.59]; p=0.012; I2=58.1%). Disease resolution was scarcely reported (n=6).

Conclusions

Significant clinical improvements can be obtained when professional submarginal instrumentation is combined with patient-performed or administered (by prescription) adjunctive measures, although a complete disease resolution may not be achieved.
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The Efficacy of Implant Surface Decontamination Using Chemicals during Surgical Treatment of Peri‐implantitis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader

ABSTRACT

Aim

To answer the following PICOS question: in adult patients with peri-implantitis, what is the efficacy of surgical therapy with chemical surface decontamination of implant surfaces in comparison with surgical therapy alone or surgery with placebo decontamination, on probing pocket depth (PD) reduction and bleeding on probing (BoP)/suppuration on probing (SoP), in randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs with at least 6 months of follow-up?

Materials and Methods

Six databases were searched from their inception up to May 20, 2022. Data on clinical outcome variables were pooled and analyzed using mean differences (MDs), Risk Ratios (RR) or Risk Differences (RD) as appropriate, 95% confidence intervals (CI), and prediction intervals (PIs) in the case of significant heterogeneity. Primary outcomes were determined as changes in PD and BoP/SoP. Secondary outcomes were detrmined as radiographic marginal bone loss (MBL), implant loss, and disease resolution. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022325603.

Results

Six RCTs - two moderate, three high, and one low risk of bias (RoB) studies - were included. These studies test the adjunctive effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT), chlorhexidine (CHX), and administration of local antibiotics (LAbs) during surgery on the clinical outcome. In a single 12-month study, the adjunctive use of local antibiotics showed a clinically relevant reduction of PD )MD= 1.44; 95% CI [0.40; -2.48] and MBL (MD= 1.21; 95% CI [0.44; 1.98]; one trial, 32 participant). PDT showed a small but significant reduction in BoP (MD= 7.41%; 95% CI [0.81; 14.00]; P=0.028; two trials; 42 participants). Treatment with CHX resulted in no significant changes in PD, BoP, or MBL compared to placebo saline solution. None of the interventions affected disease resolution and implant loss. Certainty of the evidence was very low for all outcome measures assessed.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this systematic review and the meta-analysis, adjunctive use of chemicals such as PDT, CHX, LAbs for surface decontamination during surgery of peri-implantitis cannot be recommended as superior to standard debridement procedures (mechanical debridement +/- saline).

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Autophagy and its role in osteosarcoma

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader
Autophagy and its role in osteosarcoma

In this review, we summarized the role of autophagy in OS proliferation, metastasis, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. And we think that autophagy-related genes and pathways could serve as potential targets for OS therapy.


Abstract

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common bone malignancy and preferably occurs in children and adolescents. Despite significant advances in surgery and chemotherapy for OS over the past few years, overall survival rates of OS have reached a bottleneck. Thus, extensive researches aimed at developing new therapeutic targets for OS are urgently needed. Autophagy, a conserved process which allows cells to recycle altered or unused organelles and cellular components, has been proven to play a critical role in multiple biological processes in OS. In this article, we summarized the association between autophagy and proliferation, metastasis, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy of OS, revealing that autophagy-related genes and pathways could serve as potential targets for OS therapy.
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Onychomycosis associated with diabetic foot syndrome: a systematic review

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader
via Mycoses

Abstract

Background

A systematic review was conducted to investigate the prevalence of onychomycosis in patients with diabetes. The association of onychomycosis with risk factors in patients with diabetic foot syndrome was also examined.

Methods

The recommendations in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist were applied, and the included studies were assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) method. Searches were conducted in October 2022 using PubMed (Medline) and Scopus for clinical studies, clinical trials, comparative studies, observational studies, and randomised clinical trials or controlled clinical trials addressing the prevalence and consequences of onychomycosis in patients with diabetes, diagnoses, or treatments. Two authors performed the study selection and data extraction, and any discrepancies between the two reviewers were resolved through discussion with a third reviewer.

Results

The systematic review included nine studies that met the inclusion criteria, and these studies enrolled 5426 patients with diabetes. Among these patients, 28.55% had onychomycosis that was mainly caused by Trichophyton rubrum. A significant association was found between the occurrence of onychomycosis and the presence of diabetic neuropathy (p=0.012) and elevated glycosylated haemoglobin values (p=0.039). There was no significant association between onychomycosis and ulceration (p=0.185). Eight studies had a grade 4 level of evidence and a grade C recommendation, and one study had a grade 1b level of evidence and a grade A recommendation.

Conclusion

The information described in the literature is insufficient and heterogeneous regarding the association of risk factors and ulceration in patients with diabetic foot compared with developing onychomycosis. There is also a need to implement onychomycosis diagnostic testing instead of relying only on a clinical diagnosis. Additional prospective, randomised, comparative studies are needed to increase the quality of studies in the literature.
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Risky business: Understanding the association between objective COVID‐19 occupational risk features and worker subjective risk perceptions

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader

Abstract

Many workers are at risk of contracting COVID-19 through work, and subjective perceptions of COVID-19 risk are important predictors of worker attitudes and behaviours. However, little to no research provides comprehensive examination of objective COVID-19 occupational risk factors and how, or under what conditions, these factors relate to subjective risk perceptions. Using two wave survey data matched with archival data from the Occupational Information Network (O*Net) and county-level COVID-19 case data (N = 295), we examine how objective COVID-19 occupational risk relates to workers' subjective risk of contracting COVID-19 at work. We also examine the moderating roles of financial frailty, adherence to governmental workplace safety recommendations, and local COVID-19 threat. Results indicate that objective COVID-19 occupational risk significantly predicts subjective risk of contracting COVID-19 at work. Moreover, factors representing in-person work conducted in close proximity to others accounted for a large proportion of explained variance in subjective risk. There was no support for moderation; however, financial frailty and workplace safety had independent main effects on subjective risk perceptions. Our results have theoretical implications for the Economic Stress and COVID-19 Occupational Risk model (Sinclair et al., Appl. Psychol., 70, 2021, 85), individual models of subjective risk perceptions, and practical implications for mitigating occupational risk at work.
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PPAR-γ activation promotes xenogenic bioroot regeneration by attenuating the xenograft induced-oxidative stress

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader

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International Journal of Oral Science, Published online: 16 February 2023; doi:10.1038/s41368-023-00217-4

PPAR-γ activation promotes xenogenic bioroot regeneration by attenuating the xenograft induced-oxidative stress
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RGS12 represses oral squamous cell carcinoma by driving M1 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages via controlling ciliary MYCBP2/KIF2A signaling

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader

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International Journal of Oral Science, Published online: 16 February 2023; doi:10.1038/s41368-023-00216-5

RGS12 represses oral squamous cell carcinoma by driving M1 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages via controlling ciliary MYCBP2/KIF2A signaling
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In vivo PIWI slicing in mouse testes deviates from rules established in vitro [LETTER TO THE EDITOR]

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader

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Argonautes are small RNA-binding proteins, with some having small RNA-guided endonuclease (slicer) activity that cleaves target nucleic acids. One cardinal rule that is structurally defined is the inability of slicers to cleave target RNAs when nucleotide mismatches exist between the paired small RNA and the target at the cleavage site. Animal-specific PIWI clade Argonautes associate with PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) to silence transposable elements in the gonads, and this is essential for fertility. We previously demonstrated that purified endogenous mouse MIWI fails to cleave mismatched targets in vitro. Surprisingly, here we find using knock-in mouse models that target sites with cleavage-site mismatches at the 10th and 11th piRNA nucleotides are precisely sliced in vivo. This is identical to the slicing outcome in knock-in mice where targets are base-paired perfectly with the piRNA. Additionally, we find that pachytene piRNA-guided slicing in both these situations failed to initiate phased piRNA production from the specific target mRNA we studied. Instead, the two slicer cleavage fragments were retained in PIWI proteins as pre-piRNA and 17–19 nt by-product fragments. Our results indicate that PIWI slicing rules established in vitro are not respected in vivo, and that all targets of PIWI slicing are not substrates for piRNA biogenesis.
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Specific mechanisms of translation initiation in higher eukaryotes: the eIF4G2 story [REVIEW]

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader

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The eukaryotic initiation factor 4G2 (eIF4G2, DAP5, Nat1, p97) was discovered in 1997. Over the past two decades, dozens of papers have presented contradictory data on eIF4G2 function. Since its identification, eIF4G2 has been assumed to participate in noncanonical translation initiation mechanisms, but recent results indicate that it can be involved in scanning as well. In particular, eIF4G2 provides leaky scanning through some upstream open reading frames (uORFs), which are typical for long 5' UTRs of mRNAs from higher eukaryotes. It is likely the protein can also help the ribosome overcome other impediments during scanning of the 5' UTRs of animal mRNAs. This may explain the need for eIF4G2 in higher eukaryotes, as many mRNAs that encode regulatory proteins have rather long and highly structured 5' UTRs. Additionally, they often bind to various proteins, which also hamper the movement of scanning ribosomes. This review discusses the suggested mechanisms of eIF4G2 action, denote s obscure or inconsistent results, and proposes ways to uncover other fundamental mechanisms in which this important protein factor may be involved in higher eukaryotes.
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Small noncoding RNA interactome capture reveals pervasive, carbon source-dependent tRNA engagement of yeast glycolytic enzymes [ARTICLE]

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader

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Small noncoding RNAs fulfill key functions in cellular and organismal biology, typically working in concert with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). While proteome-wide methodologies have enormously expanded the repertoire of known RBPs, these methods do not distinguish RBPs binding to small noncoding RNAs from the rest. To specifically identify this relevant subclass of RBPs, we developed small noncoding RNA interactome capture (snRIC2C) based on the differential RNA-binding capacity of silica matrices (2C). We define the S. cerevisiae proteome of nearly 300 proteins that specifically binds to RNAs smaller than 200 nt in length (snRBPs), identifying informative distinctions from the total RNA-binding proteome determined in parallel. Strikingly, the snRBPs include most glycolytic enzymes from yeast. With further methodological developments using silica matrices, 12 tRNAs were identified as specific binders of the glycolytic enzyme GAPDH. We show that tRNA engagement of GAPDH is carbon source–dependent and regulated by the RNA polymerase III repressor Maf1, suggesting a regulatory interaction between glycolysis and RNA polymerase III activity. We conclude that snRIC2C and other 2C-derived methods greatly facilitate the study of RBPs, revealing previously unrecognized interactions.
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