The muscular branching patterns of the ulnar nerve in fetal forearms

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader The muscular branching patterns of the ulnar nerve in fetal forearms Via radiol anat Surg Radiol Anat. 2022 Jan 23. doi: 10.1007/s00276-021-02870-y. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: We aimed to present our findings systematically by examining the muscular branching patterns of the ulnar nerve (UN) in the forearms of fetuses. METHODS: This study was conducted on the 52 forearms of 26 formalin-fixed fetal cadavers with gestational ages varying between 19 and 37 weeks. The anatomical dissection was performed by using stereomicroscope with × 8 m agnification. The numbers of muscular branches leaving UN and their order of leaving main nerve were noted down. The findings were classified according to the muscles they reached, and branching typing was done. RESULTS: It was found that a total of 2-6 muscular branches left UN to reach flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) and flexor digitorum profundus (FDP). UN was classified by separating into five main types according to the number of muscular branches, and these types were classified into 16 different branching patterns according to the order of branches leaving from the main trunk and going to FCU and FDP. The pattern where two branches left UN was classified as Type I (n = 6), three branches left was classified as Type II (n = 18), four branches left was classified as Type III (n = 24), five branches left was classified as Type IV (n = 3), and six branches left was classified as Type V (n = 1). Martin-Gruber connection occurred in 17 (32.7%) fetal forearms. CONCLUSION: We believe that the information that UN can demonstrate different branching patterns on the forearm can help the surgeons to prevent complications that may develop in potential nerve injury during the selection and transfer of relevant branch. PMID:35066639 | DOI:10.1007/s00276-021-02870-y View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

MicroRNA-195-5p inhibits the progression of hemangioma via targeting SKI

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader MicroRNA-195-5p inhibits the progression of hemangioma via targeting SKI Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2022 Feb;23(2):165. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.11088. Epub 2021 Dec 22. ABSTRACT Hemangioma (HA), which is characterized by aberrant endothelial cell proliferation in blood vessels, is a common tumor during infancy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) collectively participate in the development of HA; however, the potential roles of miR-195-5p in HA are not completely understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles of miR-195-5p in HA. In the present study, miR-195-5p was found to be downregulated in HA cells, such as the XPTS-1 human infantile hemangioma-derived endothelial cell line and the EOMA hemangioendothelioma cell line. Overexpression of miR-195-5p was shown to suppress HA cell viability, colony formation and proliferation, and induced HA cell apoptosis. Furthermore, miR-195-5p downregulated Bcl-2 expression and upregulated Bax and Bcl-2 expression levels. V-ski sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (SKI) was ident ified as a target of miR-195-5p. Co-transfection of miR-195-5p mimics and SKI 3'-untranslated region wild-type decreased HA cell luciferase activity. SKI overexpression alleviated the miR-195-5p-induced decrease in HA cell proliferation and increased HA cell apoptosis. In addition, the regulatory role of miR-195-5p on the expression of Bcl-2, Bax and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase was reversed by SKI. Collectively, the results of the present study demonstrated that miR-195-5p suppressed HA progression and its effects were mediated via SKI. Therefore, the miR-195-5p/SKI axis may represent a novel therapeutic target for HA. PMID:35069846 | PMC:PMC8753966 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.11088 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Adult female acne: Clinical and therapeutic particularities (Review)

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Adult female acne: Clinical and therapeutic particularities (Review) Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2022 Feb;23(2):151. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.11074. Epub 2021 Dec 16. ABSTRACT Acne is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the pilosebaceous unit that was traditionally viewed as a disease of the adolescence. However, over the past several years, an increasing number of adult women have been reported to suffer from this condition. The prevalence of adult female acne ranges between 12 and 54%. Two clinical types can be distinguished in this population, a 'retentional' and an 'inflammatory' type, which usually tend to overlap. In terms of evolution, three main subtypes can be identified: Persistent acne, which is the most frequent subtype, late-onset acne and recurrent acne. This type of acne is mainly mild-to-moderate in severity and may be refractory to conventional treatment. The etiopathogenesis is complex and has yet to be fully elucidated. It appears to involve an interaction among genetic predisposition, hormonal factors, and chronic activation of the innate immune system overlapping with external factors, such as daily stress, Western-type diet, use of tobacco and cosmetics. The treatment may be challenging and a holistic approach is required, with special attention to the individual needs and particularities of adult women. Both topical and systemic treatments are available, with hormonal therapies being of special value in this population. The aim of the present article was to provide up-to-date, evidence-based information on the clinical presentation, etiopathogenesis and treatment of adult female acne. PMID:35069832 | PMC:PMC8753972 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.11074 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Effect of Src tyrosine kinase on a rat model of asthma

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Effect of Src tyrosine kinase on a rat model of asthma Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2022 Feb;23(2):172. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.11095. Epub 2021 Dec 27. ABSTRACT Src tyrosine kinase is a protein encoded by the Src gene. The present study aimed to determine the role of Src protein kinase in asthma using small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology. Several Src siRNAs were designed and the most effective siRNA pair was selected. A rat model of asthma was established using ovalbumin, and the rats were treated with Src siRNA, empty vector or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). A non-asthmatic control group was also established. The rats were clinically observed and Src mRNA and protein levels were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. Pathological observation of the lung tissue, counting of white blood cells (WBCs) and eosinophils (EOSs) and analysis of the concentrations of IL-5, IL-33 and IFN-γ in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were performed. The expression levels of Src mRNA in the control, PBS, empty vector and siRNA groups were 110±30.7x103, 253±55.4x103, 254±41.3x103 and 180±50.9x103, respectively. Histochemical analysis of the lung tissue of rats in the siRNA group exhibited a relatively complete lung structure and little damage to the alveolar cavity. Src protein expression and IL-5, IL-33 levels, WBC and EOS levels were positively correlated with Src mRNA expression, while the IFN-γ concentration was negatively correlated with Src mRNA expression. These results indicate that Src knockdown inhibits the release of tracheal inflammatory factors and significantly alleviates asthma in rats. In conclusion, the present study utilized a gene transfer technique to interfere with the expression of Src in rats, which decreased the levels of IL-5, IL-33, WBCs and EOSs and increased the level of IFN-γ; these changes effectively ameliorated the condition of the trachea in asthmatic rats. PMID:35069853 | PMC:PMC8764580 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.11095 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Therapeutic challenges of psoriasis in the HIV-infected patient: A case report

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Therapeutic challenges of psoriasis in the HIV-infected patient: A case report Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2022 Feb;23(2):175. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.11098. Epub 2021 Dec 28. ABSTRACT Psoriasis can be paradoxically associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, having a prevalence similar to the general population but with a more severe evolution. In the genetically predisposed patients with the CW*0602 haplotype, HIV infection can be a triggering factor and a first sign of infection, and lesions can spontaneously remit with immune reconstruction after antiretroviral therapy. Our patient is a 34 year-old male with recent HIV infection, in spite of being for over 10 years the partner of an HIV-positive patient with whom the patient has two HIV-positive children. The patient was diagnosed with psoriasis 7 years ago and was treated topically. The physical examination at HIV diagnosis was overall favorable, with skin findings compatible with disseminated vulgar psoriasis. Following antiretroviral treatment with Triumeq the patient had a favorable viral response, with complete viral suppression after 12 weeks, but the pre-existent psoriasis lesions worsened. Methotrexate (MTX) treatment followed for 12 weeks, with partial improvement of psoriatic dermatitis. This medication was continued for 1 year, but the lesions reappeared, possibly due to treatment resistance. MTX treatment for psoriasis in the HIV-infected patient was beneficial, but limited to one year, leaving biologics as possible treatment following therapy under strict monitoring for adverse effects, T-lymphocyte CD4+ and viral levels. PMID:35069856 | PMC:PMC8764576 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.11098 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

New strategies of diagnostic and therapeutic approach to emergencies in the evolution of patients with diabetes mellitus (Review)

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader New strategies of diagnostic and therapeutic approach to emergencies in the evolution of patients with diabetes mellitus (Review) Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2022 Feb;23(2):178. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.11101. Epub 2021 Dec 28. ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus, known as the most widespread disease in the world, along with four other chronic diseases, involves major expenditures and significant human resources for care, thus representing a burden on any type of health care system especially due to its rapid evolution of acute and chronic complications. For the emergency department (ED), the requirements of patients with acute complications of diabetes, determine expenses which are three times higher than those for non-diabetic patients and their hospitalizations are four times more frequent. The acute complications for which patients with diabetes most frequently require the ED are hypoglycemic, hyperosmolar, or ketoacidosis coma as well as alterations of the general condition that is typical of hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state and new-onset hy perglycemia. Hypoglycemia and the Somogyi phenomenon are the most common complications of type 1 diabetes but they can also occur in patients with type 2 diabetes who are treated with insulin through its overdose. DKA can occur in type 1 and 2 diabetes either by administering inadequate doses of insulin or due to the existence of precipitating factors such as stress, acute myocardial infarction, infections, sepsis, and/or gastrointestinal bleeding. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic status is the most common complication in patients with type 2 diabetes and DKA. Treating the acute complications of diabetes in the ED involves, besides taking immediate measures to assess and maintain vital functions, monitoring patients, assessing blood sugar, electrolytes, urea, creatinine, and bicarbonate, and applying appropriate immediate therapeutic measures for each type of acute diabetes complication. PMID:35069859 | PMC:PMC8764581 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.11101 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Electrochemical monitoring of bronchial inflammation in pediatric athletes: A prospective study

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Electrochemical monitoring of bronchial inflammation in pediatric athletes: A prospective study Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2022 Feb;23(2):180. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.11103. Epub 2021 Dec 28. ABSTRACT The assessment of inflammation by accessible, reproducible and especially non-invasive methods is one of the main goals for numerous medical specialties. One variable for assessment is the fraction of nitric oxide in exhaled air (FeNO), which correlates with the inflammatory syndrome of the airways. The objective of the present study was the biochemical evaluation of FeNO in children practicing sports in Oltenia, Romania. Between January and December 2018, children practicing sports (football, track and field, judo, fencing, handball, volleyball and basketball) were enrolled in the study. The FeNO values were compared with the asthma history and with the spirometric evaluation. A total of 23 children without a previous asthma diagnosis exhibited positive spirometry results. The prevalence of the disease was 3.6% in the cohort, and FeNO dosing show ed higher values in the group at risk in children diagnosed with asthma, compared with that in children without this diagnosis. The children who performed outdoor sports (soccer, and track and field) had higher electrochemical levels of nitric oxide compared with those who performed indoor sports (mean, 29.70 vs. 20.56; P<0.0005), which led to the hypothesis that these children had an increased risk of developing bronchospasm. FeNO dosing can thus be a useful and easy-to-use tool in practice for assessing bronchial inflammation in children practicing various types of sports. The spirometric data of undiagnosed asthma patients from the present study may indicate that the disease is still underdiagnosed within Romania. PMID:3506 9861 | PMC:PMC8764892 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.11103 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

p-Coumaric acid suppresses reactive oxygen species-induced senescence in nucleus pulposus cells

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader p-Coumaric acid suppresses reactive oxygen species-induced senescence in nucleus pulposus cells Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2022 Feb;23(2):183. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.11106. Epub 2021 Dec 30. ABSTRACT p-Coumaric acid (PCA) is a phenolic acid that is widely present in numerous plants and human diets. Studies have demonstrated the antioxidant and anti-senescence effects of PCA in different cell types. However, the anti-senescence effects of PCA in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells have remained to be determined. In the present study, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to measure the gene expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), p53, p16, aggrecan and collagen-2 in NP cells. Immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate the protein expression of p53, p16 and collagen-2 in NP cells. In addition, cell cycle of NP cells was measured by flow cytometry. β-galactosidase staining were used to investigate the senescence of NP cells. Preliminary results indicated that PCA suppressed ROS-induced senescence i n NP cells via both the p16 and p53 pathways. NP cells were pretreated with PCA at a concentration of 10 or 50 µg/ml prior to stimulation with 200 µM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Pretreatment with PCA significantly inhibited H2O2-induced cell cycle arrest in a dose-dependent manner. PCA also reduced the gene expression of Cox-2, iNOS, p53 and p16 induced by H2O2. By contrast, aggrecan and collagen-2 expression in NP cells was upregulated after PCA treatment. Furthermore, PCA suppressed H2O2-induced changes in the protein expression of p16, p53 and collagen-2. H2O2 stimulation of NP cells increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activities, while PCA treatment markedly reversed these SA-β-gal activities. Collectively, the present results indicated that PCA attenuated H2O2-induced oxidative stress and cellular senescence, suggesting a potential therapeutic utility of PCA in intervertebral disc degeneration. PMID:35069864 | PMC:PMC8764901 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.11106 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Portal vein reconstruction with interposition of cryopreserved aortic graft: A case report and literature review

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Portal vein reconstruction with interposition of cryopreserved aortic graft: A case report and literature review Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2022 Feb;23(2):184. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.11107. Epub 2021 Dec 30. ABSTRACT Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies with poor rates of survival especially in the event radical procedures are not feasible. However, improvements in surgical techniques have led to the successful association of vascular resection followed by reconstruction without a significant increase in the rates of postoperative complications. In the present article, we present the case of a 49-year-old patient diagnosed with pancreatic head cancer invading the portal vein. After discussing with the patient the risks and the benefits of the surgical procedure, the patient was submitted to pancreatoduodenectomy en bloc with portal vein resection while the continuity of the portal vein was reestablished by using a cadaveric graft originating from the abdominal aorta. The postoperative outcome was uneventful. In conclusion, in selected c ases, arterial cadaveric grafts may be used in order to establish the continuity of the portal vein with good results. However, it should be emphasized that these are demanding procedures which should be carefully analyzed before deciding upon the opportunity for performing them. PMID:35069865 | PMC:PMC8764900 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.11107 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Potential biomarkers of acute myocardial infarction based on co-expression network analysis

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Potential biomarkers of acute myocardial infarction based on co-expression network analysis Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2022 Feb;23(2):162. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.11085. Epub 2021 Dec 21. ABSTRACT Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a common cause of death in numerous countries. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of the disease and analyzing potential biomarkers of AMI is crucial. However, specific diagnostic biomarkers have thus far not been fully established and candidate regulatory targets for AMI remain to be determined. In the present study, the AMI gene chip dataset GSE48060 comprising blood samples from control subjects with normal cardiac function (n=21) and patients with AMI (n=26) was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the AMI and control groups were identified with the online tool GEO2R. The co-expression network of DEGs was analyzed by calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient of all gene pairs, mutual rank screening and cutoff threshold screening. Subsequently, the Gene Ontology (GO) database was used to analyze the genes' functions and pathway enrichment of genes in the most important modules was performed. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Disease and BioCyc were used to analyze the hub genes in the module to determine important sub-pathways. In addition, the expression of hub genes was confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR in AMI and control specimens. In the present study, 52 DEGs, including 26 upregulated and 26 downregulated genes, were identified. As key hub genes, three upregulated genes (AKR1C3, RPS24 and P2RY12) and three downregulated genes (ACSL1, B3GNT5 and MGAM) were identified from the co-expression network. Furthermore, GO enrichment analysis of all AMI co-expression network genes revealed functional enrichment mainly in 'RAGE receptor binding' and 'negative regulation of T cell cytokine production'. In addition, KEGG Disease and BioCyc analysis indicated functional enrichment of the genes RPS24 a nd P2RY12 in 'cardiovascular diseases', of AKR1C3 in 'cardenolide biosynthesis', of MGAM in 'glycogenolysis', of B3GNT5 in 'glycosphingolipid biosynthesis' and of ACSL1 in 'icosapentaenoate biosynthesis II'. In conclusion, the hub genes AKR1C3, RPS24, P2RY12, ACSL1, B3GNT5 and MGAM are potential markers of AMI, and have potential application value in the diagnosis of AMI. PMID:35069843 | PMC:PMC8753964 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.11085 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.