Oral swabs tested with Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children: a diagnostic accuracy study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Oral swabs tested with Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children: a diagnostic accuracy study via Clinical Infectious Diseases Advance Access Abstract Background Microbiological diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis may be difficult. Oral swabs are a potential non-invasive alternative to sputum for diagnosis. Methods A prospective diagnostic accuracy study of oral swabs (buccal and tongue) for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) diagnosis in children (aged ≤15 years) in two South African hospital sites. Children with cough of any duration and either: a positive tuberculin skin test, TB contact, loss of weight or chest X-ray suggestive of PTB were enrolled. Two induced sputum specimens were tested with Xpert MTB/RIF (or Ultra) and liquid culture. Oral swabs were taken preceding sputum, frozen and later tested with Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra. Children were classified as microbiologically confirmed TB, Unconfirmed TB (received TB treatment) or unlikely TB according to NIH consensus definitions based on sputum microbiological results. Results Among 291 participants (median age 32 [IQR 14-73] months), 57 (20%) were living with HIV and 87 (30%) were malnourished. 90 (31%) had confirmed PTB (six (7%) with rifampicin-resistant TB), 157 (54%) unconfirmed PTB and 44 (15%) unlikely TB. One oral swab was obtained from 126 (43%) participants (96 tongue, 30 buccal) and two swabs from 165 (57%) (110 tongue, 55 buccal). Sensitivity was low; 22% (95% CI 15-32) for all swabs combined (confirmed PTB as reference), but specificity was high (100%, 95% CI 91-100). The highest sensitivity was 33% (15-58) among participants living with HIV. Overall yield was 6.9% with one oral swab, and 7.2% with two. Conclusions Ultra on oral swabs provides poor yield for microbiologic PTB confirmation in children. View on Web

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Similar long-term swallowing outcomes for accelerated, mildly-hypofractionated radiotherapy compared to conventional fractionation in oropharynx cancer: a multi-centre study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Similar long-term swallowing outcomes for accelerated, mildly-hypofractionated radiotherapy compared to conventional fractionation in oropharynx cancer: a multi-centre study via radiotheraphy Publication date: Available online 17 May 2022 Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology Author(s): J.M. Price, C.M. West, L.M. Dixon, Z. Iyizoba-Ebozue, K. Garcez, L. Lee, A. McPartlin, F. Slevin, A. Sykes, R.J.D. Prestwich, D.J. Thomson View on Web

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METTL3-mediated m6A RNA methylation regulates dorsal lingual epithelium homeostasis

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader METTL3-mediated m<sup>6</sup>A RNA methylation regulates dorsal lingual epithelium homeostasis via International Journal of Oral Science - Issue International Journal of Oral Science, Published online: 17 May 2022; doi:10.1038/s41368-022-00176-2 METTL3-mediated m6A RNA methylation regulates dorsal lingual epithelium homeostasis View on Web

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Anidulafungin biliary passage in liver transplant patients

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Anidulafungin biliary passage in liver transplant patients via Transplant Infectious Disease View on Web

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The Conventional Technique Versus the No-touch Isolation Technique for Primary Tumor Resection in Patients With Colon Cancer (JCOG1006): A Multicenter, Open-label, Randomized, Phase III Trial

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader The Conventional Technique Versus the No-touch Isolation Technique for Primary Tumor Resection in Patients With Colon Cancer (JCOG1006): A Multicenter, Open-label, Randomized, Phase III Trial via Annals of Surgery - Most Popular Articles Objective: This phase III trial evaluated whether the no touch was superior to the conventional in patients with cT3/T4 colon cancer. Background: No touch involves ligating blood vessels that feed the primary tumor to limit cancer cell spreading. However, previous studies did not confirm the efficacy of the no touch. Methods: This open-label, randomized, phase III trial was conducted at 30 Japanese centers. The eligibility criteria were histologically proven colon cancer; clinical classification of T3–4, N0–2, andM0; and patients aged 20 to 80years. Patients were randomized (1:1) to undergo open surgery with conventional or the no touch. Patients with pathological stage III disease received adjuvant capecitabine chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS) according to the intention-to-treat principle. Results: Between January 2011 and November 2015, 853 patients were randomized to the conventional group (427 patients) or the no touch group (426 patients). The 3-year DFS were 77.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 73.1%–81.0%] and 76.2% (95% CI 71.9%–80.0%) in the conventional and no touch groups, respectively. The superiority of no touch was not confirmed: hazard ratio for DFS = 1.029 (95% CI 0.800– 1.324; 1-sided P = 0.59). Operative morbidity was observed in 31 of 427 conventional patients (7%) and 26 of 426 no touch patients (6%). All grade adverse events were similar between the conventional and no touch groups. No in-hospital mortality occurred in either group. Conclusion: The present study failed to confirm the superiority of the no touch. View on Web

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Relationship between meteorological factors, air pollutants and hand, foot and mouth disease from 2014 to 2020

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Relationship between meteorological factors, air pollutants and hand, foot and mouth disease from 2014 to 2020 via Most Recent Articles: BMC Public Health Meteorological factors and air pollutants have been reported to be associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) epidemics before the introduction of vaccine. However, there is limited evidence for stud... View on Web

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Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling and exome sequencing resolved a long-time misdiagnosed case

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling and exome sequencing resolved a long-time misdiagnosed case via Journal of Human Genetics - Issue - nature.com science feeds Journal of Human Genetics, Published online: 18 May 2022; doi:10.1038/s10038-022-01043-y Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling and exome sequencing resolved a long-time misdiagnosed case View on Web

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Effects of Adolescent-Focused Integrated Social Protection on depression: A Pragmatic Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial of Tanzania’s Cash Plus Intervention

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Effects of Adolescent-Focused Integrated Social Protection on depression: A Pragmatic Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial of Tanzania's Cash Plus Intervention via American Journal of Epidemiology - Advance Access Abstract We assessed the impacts of Tanzania's Cash Plus adolescent-focused intervention on depression. In this pragmatic cluster-randomized controlled trial, 130 villages were randomly allocated to intervention or control (1:1). Youth aged 14-19 years living in households receiving governmental cash transfers were invited to participate. The intervention included an intensive period (12-session course) and aftercare period (9-months mentoring, productive grants, and strengthened health services). We examined intervention impacts on the 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (0-30) and exhibiting depressive symptomatology (≥10 scale), which were collected at baseline (April-June 2017), midline (May-July 2018), and endline (June-August 2019). Using intention-to-treat methodology, logistic and generalized linear models estimated effects for binary and continuous outcomes, respectively. Quantile regressions (QR) estimated effects acr oss the scale. From 2458 baseline participants, 941 intervention and 992 control adolescents were re-interviewed at both follow-ups. At endline, the intervention reduced the odds of depressive symptomatology (adjusted odds ratio 0.67 [95% CI 0.52 to 0.86]), with an undetectable mean scale difference (effect -0.36 [95%CI -0.84 to 0.11]). QR results demonstrated an intervention effect along the upper distribution of the scale. Integration of multi-sectoral initiatives within existing social protection shows potential to improve mental health among youth in low-resource settings. View on Web

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