JAAA CEU Program.

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JAAA CEU Program.

J Am Acad Audiol. 2016 Jan;27(1):64-5

Authors:

PMID: 26809329 [PubMed - in process]

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Correction: Loudness as a Cue for Acceptable Noise Levels.

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Correction: Loudness as a Cue for Acceptable Noise Levels.

J Am Acad Audiol. 2016 Jan;27(1):63

Authors:

Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3766/jaaa.25.6.10.].

PMID: 26809328 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Hearing Loss Terminology: In Response to Wilson and Margolis (2015).

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Hearing Loss Terminology: In Response to Wilson and Margolis (2015).

J Am Acad Audiol. 2016 Jan;27(1):62

Authors: Clark JG, Martin FN

PMID: 26809327 [PubMed - in process]

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Preservation of Neural Sensitivity after Noise-Induced Suppression of Sensory Function.

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Preservation of Neural Sensitivity after Noise-Induced Suppression of Sensory Function.

J Am Acad Audiol. 2016 Jan;27(1):49-61

Authors: Guthrie OW

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Permanent loss of outer hair cell (OHC) amplification may occur within days of acoustic overexposure. This loss of sensory function typically results in an immediate loss of neural sensitivity although neurodegeneration occurs months or years after damage to OHCs. This delay in neurodegeneration might provide an opportunity to preserve neural sensitivity although OHC amplification is permanently lost.
PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that neural functions can be preserved after permanent and severe loss of OHC amplification. To begin to address this possibility, an animal model of severe permanent loss of both OHC and neural functions was established.
RESEARCH DESIGN: This research employed a 4 × 4 split-plot factorial design, with four levels of the within-subject factor (time: baseline, 1-day, 1-week, and 1-mo postnoise exposure) and four levels of the between-subject factor (experimental groups: control, noise exposed, therapy, and noise exposed + therapy).
STUDY SAMPLE: Twenty-six hooded male Long-Evans rats (263 ± 63 g) served as subjects for this experiment. All animals exhibited baseline auditory function that approximated normative values for rats of the same strain.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Distortion product otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses were used to assay and differentiate OHC versus neural functions. Factorial analysis of variances was computed to identify statistically significant main effects and Dunnett testing was employed in post hoc computations.
INTERVENTION: To rescue neural function after permanent loss of OHC amplification, small molecular weight carboxy alkyl esters were employed after noise injury.
RESULTS: The results revealed that in the presence of permanent loss of OHC amplification, the loss of neural sensitivity could be rescued. In addition, auditory brainstem response wave I amplitudes at suprathreshold levels were rescued from noise-induced depletion into the biologic noise floor.
CONCLUSION: Since mammalian OHCs do not regenerate after damage, these results encourage further experiments aimed at preserving neural functions following noise injury.

PMID: 26809326 [PubMed - in process]

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Diagnostic Hearing Assessment in Schools: Validity and Time Efficiency of Automated Audiometry.

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Diagnostic Hearing Assessment in Schools: Validity and Time Efficiency of Automated Audiometry.

J Am Acad Audiol. 2016 Jan;27(1):42-8

Authors: Mahomed-Asmail F, Swanepoel de W, Eikelboom RH

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Poor follow-up compliance from school-based hearing screening typically undermines the efficacy of school-based hearing screening programs. Onsite diagnostic audiometry with automation may reduce false positives and ensure directed referrals.
PURPOSE: To investigate the validity and time efficiency of automated diagnostic air- and bone-conduction audiometry for children in a natural school environment following hearing screening.
RESEARCH DESIGN: A within-subject repeated measures design was employed to compare air- and bone-conduction pure-tone thresholds (0.5-4 kHz), measured by manual and automated pure-tone audiometry.
STUDY SAMPLE: Sixty-two children, 25 males and 37 females, with an average age of 8 yr (standard deviation [SD] = 0.92; range = 6-10 yr) were recruited for this study. The participants included 30 children who failed on a hearing screening and 32 children who passed a hearing screening.
DATA ANALYSIS: Threshold comparisons were made for air- and bone-conduction thresholds across ears tested with manual and automated audiometry. To avoid a floor effect thresholds of 15 dB HL were excluded in analyses. The Wilcoxon signed ranked test was used to compare threshold correspondence for manual and automated thresholds and the paired samples t-test was used to compare test time. Statistical significance was set as p ≤ 0.05.
RESULTS: 85.7% of air-conduction thresholds and 44.6% of bone-conduction thresholds corresponded within the normal range (15 dB HL) for manual and automated audiometry. Both manual and automated audiometry air- and bone-conduction thresholds exceeded 15 dB HL in 9.9% and 34.0% of thresholds, respectively. For these thresholds, average absolute differences for air- and bone-conduction thresholds were 6.3 (SD = 8.3) and 2.2 dB (SD = 3.6) and they corresponded within 10 dB across frequencies in 87.7% and 100.0%, respectively. There was no significant difference between manual and automated air- and bone-conduction across frequencies for these thresholds.
CONCLUSION: Using onsite automated diagnostic audiometry for children who fail hearing screening may improve the efficacy of school-based screening programs by reducing false positives and ensuring directed referrals for audiological or medical intervention or both.

PMID: 26809325 [PubMed - in process]

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The Effects of Hearing Aid Directional Microphone and Noise Reduction Processing on Listening Effort in Older Adults with Hearing Loss.

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The Effects of Hearing Aid Directional Microphone and Noise Reduction Processing on Listening Effort in Older Adults with Hearing Loss.

J Am Acad Audiol. 2016 Jan;27(1):29-41

Authors: Desjardins JL

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Older listeners with hearing loss may exert more cognitive resources to maintain a level of listening performance similar to that of younger listeners with normal hearing. Unfortunately, this increase in cognitive load, which is often conceptualized as increased listening effort, may come at the cost of cognitive processing resources that might otherwise be available for other tasks.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the independent and combined effects of a hearing aid directional microphone and a noise reduction (NR) algorithm on reducing the listening effort older listeners with hearing loss expend on a speech-in-noise task.
RESEARCH DESIGN: Participants were fitted with study worn commercially available behind-the-ear hearing aids. Listening effort on a sentence recognition in noise task was measured using an objective auditory-visual dual-task paradigm. The primary task required participants to repeat sentences presented in quiet and in a four-talker babble. The secondary task was a digital visual pursuit rotor-tracking test, for which participants were instructed to use a computer mouse to track a moving target around an ellipse that was displayed on a computer screen. Each of the two tasks was presented separately and concurrently at a fixed overall speech recognition performance level of 50% correct with and without the directional microphone and/or the NR algorithm activated in the hearing aids. In addition, participants reported how effortful it was to listen to the sentences in quiet and in background noise in the different hearing aid listening conditions.
STUDY SAMPLE: Fifteen older listeners with mild sloping to severe sensorineural hearing loss participated in this study.
RESULTS: Listening effort in background noise was significantly reduced with the directional microphones activated in the hearing aids. However, there was no significant change in listening effort with the hearing aid NR algorithm compared to no noise processing. Correlation analysis between objective and self-reported ratings of listening effort showed no significant relation.
CONCLUSIONS: Directional microphone processing effectively reduced the cognitive load of listening to speech in background noise. This is significant because it is likely that listeners with hearing impairment will frequently encounter noisy speech in their everyday communications.

PMID: 26809324 [PubMed - in process]

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The Effect of Lexical Content on Dichotic Speech Recognition in Older Adults.

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The Effect of Lexical Content on Dichotic Speech Recognition in Older Adults.

J Am Acad Audiol. 2016 Jan;27(1):13-28

Authors: Findlen UM, Roup CM

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Age-related auditory processing deficits have been shown to negatively affect speech recognition for older adult listeners. In contrast, older adults gain benefit from their ability to make use of semantic and lexical content of the speech signal (i.e., top-down processing), particularly in complex listening situations. Assessment of auditory processing abilities among aging adults should take into consideration semantic and lexical content of the speech signal.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of lexical and attentional factors on dichotic speech recognition performance characteristics for older adult listeners.
RESEARCH DESIGN: A repeated measures design was used to examine differences in dichotic word recognition as a function of lexical and attentional factors.
STUDY SAMPLE: Thirty-five older adults (61-85 yr) with sensorineural hearing loss participated in this study.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Dichotic speech recognition was evaluated using consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) word and nonsense CVC syllable stimuli administered in the free recall, directed recall right, and directed recall left response conditions.
RESULTS: Dichotic speech recognition performance for nonsense CVC syllables was significantly poorer than performance for CVC words. Dichotic recognition performance varied across response condition for both stimulus types, which is consistent with previous studies on dichotic speech recognition. Inspection of individual results revealed that five listeners demonstrated an auditory-based left ear deficit for one or both stimulus types.
CONCLUSIONS: Lexical content of stimulus materials affects performance characteristics for dichotic speech recognition tasks in the older adult population. The use of nonsense CVC syllable material may provide a way to assess dichotic speech recognition performance while potentially lessening the effects of lexical content on performance (i.e., measuring bottom-up auditory function both with and without top-down processing).

PMID: 26809323 [PubMed - in process]

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Risk Factors for Hearing Loss in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis.

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Risk Factors for Hearing Loss in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis.

J Am Acad Audiol. 2016 Jan;27(1):6-12

Authors: Tarshish Y, Huang L, Jackson FI, Edwards J, Fligor B, Wilkins A, Uluer A, Sawicki G, Kenna M

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are at increased risk for sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) due, at least in part, to the ototoxic side effects of routine CF therapies. However, the prevalence of SNHL and additional factors contributing to the development of SNHL are unknown.
PURPOSE: To identify risk factors associated with the development of SNHL in a large cohort of CF patients who had been referred for audiometric testing.
RESEARCH DESIGN: A retrospective study of audiometric results and medication information in a cohort of patients with CF.
STUDY SAMPLE: Records of 178 CF patients seen at Boston Children's Hospital for audiometric testing from 2007 to 2010 were reviewed. Mean age of patients was 18 yr (standard deviation = 10 yr), and 98 (55%) of the patients were female.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Audiometric results, medications, and hospitalizations were recorded. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between SNHL and the number of hospitalizations and chronic antibiotic use in the year prior to the patients' audiometry.
RESULTS: In this sample, 37/178 (21%) patients had SNHL. Twenty-nine (78%) of the 37 patients had bilateral SNHL and 8 (22%) had unilateral SNHL. Across all age groups, the majority of patients had a bilateral hearing loss (HL). A multivariable model showed that older age and more frequent hospitalizations were associated with SNHL. The number of courses of chronic antibiotics in the year prior to audiometric testing was not correlated with rate of HL.
CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that age and frequency of hospitalizations are key predictors of HL development. Increased awareness and regular screening for SNHL should be included in the routine care of CF patients, particularly those at the highest risk.

PMID: 26809322 [PubMed - in process]

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Measurement of prompt gamma profiles in inhomogeneous targets with a knife-edge slit camera during proton irradiation.

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Measurement of prompt gamma profiles in inhomogeneous targets with a knife-edge slit camera during proton irradiation.

Phys Med Biol. 2015 Jun 21;60(12):4849-71

Authors: Priegnitz M, Helmbrecht S, Janssens G, Perali I, Smeets J, Vander Stappen F, Sterpin E, Fiedler F

Abstract
Proton and ion beam therapies become increasingly relevant in radiation therapy. To fully exploit the potential of this irradiation technique and to achieve maximum target volume conformality, the verification of particle ranges is highly desirable. Many research activities focus on the measurement of the spatial distributions of prompt gamma rays emitted during irradiation. A passively collimating knife-edge slit camera is a promising option to perform such measurements. In former publications, the feasibility of accurate detection of proton range shifts in homogeneous targets could be shown with such a camera. We present slit camera measurements of prompt gamma depth profiles in inhomogeneous targets. From real treatment plans and their underlying CTs, representative beam paths are selected and assembled as one-dimensional inhomogeneous targets built from tissue equivalent materials. These phantoms have been irradiated with monoenergetic proton pencil beams. The accuracy of range deviation estimation as well as the detectability of range shifts is investigated in different scenarios. In most cases, range deviations can be detected within less than 2 mm. In close vicinity to low-density regions, range detection is challenging. In particular, a minimum beam penetration depth of 7 mm beyond a cavity is required for reliable detection of a cavity filling with the present setup. Dedicated data post-processing methods may be capable of overcoming this limitation.

PMID: 26057897 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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[Congenital dacryocystocele: Surgical treatment or routine follow-up?]

[Congenital dacryocystocele: Surgical treatment or routine follow-up?]

Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac Chir Orale. 2016 Jan 22;

Authors: Hitter A, Lamblin E, Morand B, Bertolo A, Atallah I, Righini CA

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Congenital dacryocystoceles are rare and often misunderstood pathologies. Their treatment varies and consists in simple follow-up, lacrimal catheterization or endoscopic surgical drainage, depending on medical teams. The aim of our study was to discuss the place of endoscopic drainage in the treatment of congenital dacryocystocele.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review on 18 cases of congenital dacryocystoceles taken in charge in a tertiary care center between 2009 and 2012.
RESULTS: Thirteen newborns, including five bilateral cases, were taken in charge. The average age was 14.6days. Six newborns presented with an acute dacryocystitis at the time of diagnosis. No respiratory complications were observed. Spontaneous drainage of the dacryocystocele was observed in 38.8% of the cases, occurring at 22 days of life on average. Endonasal endoscopic drainage was performed in 66.6% of the cases. No recurrence or complication was observed after surgery. After spontaneous drainage, one recurrence was observed. The mean follow-up period of these patients was 8.8 months.
DISCUSSION: Spontaneous drainage is common. Conservative management may therefore be considered in absence of infection. In case of infection and/or persistence of dacryocystocele after 4 weeks of life, endonasal surgical drainage should be considered. Imaging of the facial structure should be performed before any surgical treatment.

PMID: 26809596 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"[jour]; +20 new citations

20 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"[jour]

These pubmed results were generated on 2016/01/27

PubMed comprises more than 24 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

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Myocutaneous sternocleidomastoid flap for reconstruction after the resection of a parapharyngeal heterotopic glioma in a child with cleft palate, and systematic review of parapharyngeal glial heterotopia.

Myocutaneous sternocleidomastoid flap for reconstruction after the resection of a parapharyngeal heterotopic glioma in a child with cleft palate, and systematic review of parapharyngeal glial heterotopia.

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Feb;81:51-4

Authors: Prado-Calleros HM, Arrieta-Gómez JR, Castillo-Ventura B, Martínez SP, Jiménez-Gutiérrez C, Jiménez-Escobar I

Abstract
We describe the surgery and reconstruction employed with a sternocleidomastoid myocutaneous flap for the treatment of a heterotopic glioma in a 2-year-old boy with incomplete palatal fissure who presented with dysphagia and snoring, in whom a lateral pharyngeal wall mass obstructing 60% of the airway was noted. Heterotopic gliomas are uncommonly reported in the parapharyngeal space and should be included in the differential diagnosis at this location in children. Parapharyngeal tumors present difficult diagnostic and management challenges; head and neck surgeons must be prepared not only for the resection but also for the reconstruction of these rare lesions.

PMID: 26810290 [PubMed - in process]

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Tapia's syndrome: pathogenetic mechanisms, diagnostic management, and proper treatment: a case series.

Tapia's syndrome: pathogenetic mechanisms, diagnostic management, and proper treatment: a case series.

J Med Case Rep. 2016;10(1):23

Authors: Cariati P, Cabello A, Galvez PP, Sanchez Lopez D, Garcia Medina B

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tapia's syndrome is an uncommon disease described in 1904 by Antonio Garcia Tapia, a Spanish otolaryngologist. It is characterized by concomitant paralysis of the hypoglossal (XIIth) and pneumogastric (Xth) nerves. Only 69 cases have been described in the literature. Typically, the reported patients presented with a history of orotracheal intubation. Common symptoms are dysphonia, tongue deviation toward the affected side, lingual motility disturbance, and swallowing difficulty.
CASE PRESENTATION: In the report, we describe three cases of Tapia's syndrome in three Caucasian patients who underwent surgery with general anesthesia. Two of these patients underwent neck abscess drainage, and the third had an open reduction of a shoulder fracture. The clinical symptoms of Tapia's syndrome appeared after extubation. All three of our patients recovered their lost function at 3 months after diagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS: We underline the importance of performing airway endoscopy and a specific program of swallowing rehabilitation for the proper management of Tapia's syndrome.

PMID: 26809980 [PubMed - in process]

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Voice tuning with new instruments for type II thyroplasty in the treatment of adductor spasmodic dysphonia.

Voice tuning with new instruments for type II thyroplasty in the treatment of adductor spasmodic dysphonia.

Auris Nasus Larynx. 2016 Jan 22;

Authors: Sanuki T, Yumoto E, Toya Y, Kumai Y

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Adductor spasmodic dysphonia is a rare voice disorder characterized by strained and strangled voice quality with intermittent phonatory breaks and adductory vocal fold spasms. Type II thyroplasty differs from previous treatments in that this surgery does not involve any surgical intervention into the laryngeal muscle, nerve or vocal folds. Type II thyroplasty intervenes in the thyroid cartilage, which is unrelated to the lesion. This procedure, conducted with the aim of achieving lateralization of the vocal folds, requires utmost surgical caution due to the extreme delicacy of the surgical site, critically sensitive adjustment, and difficult procedures to maintain the incised cartilages at a correct position. During surgery, the correct separation of the incised cartilage edges with voice monitoring is the most important factor determining surgical success and patient satisfaction.
METHODS: We designed new surgical instruments: a thyroid cartilage elevator for undermining the thyroid cartilage, and spacer devices to gauge width while performing voice monitoring. These devices were designed to prevent surgical complications, and to aid in selecting the optimal size of titanium bridges while temporally maintaining a separation during voice monitoring.
RESULTS: We designed new surgical instruments, including a thyroid cartilage elevator and spacer devices. Precise surgical procedures and performing voice tuning during surgery with the optimal separation width of the thyroid cartilage are key points for surgical success.
CONCLUSION: We introduce the technique of voice tuning using these surgical tools in order to achieve a better outcome with minimal surgical complications.

PMID: 26811303 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Analysis of sinonasal anatomical variations associated with maxillary sinus fungal balls.

Analysis of sinonasal anatomical variations associated with maxillary sinus fungal balls.

Auris Nasus Larynx. 2016 Jan 22;

Authors: Shin JM, Baek BJ, Byun JY, Jun YJ, Lee JY

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The pathogenesis of MSFB development remains unclear, but it has been suggested that poor sinus ventilation is associated with disease development; such a ventilation is influenced by anatomical variation of the paranasal sinuses. Thus, we sought to determine whether sinonasal anatomical variations were associated with MSFB development.
METHODS: Thirty-one patients with MSFB and 28 gender-matched control patients were included in the present study. The presence or absence of Haller cells and a concha bullosa were scored, and the angle of septal deviation and the minimal and maximal lengths of the infundibulum were measured on preoperative computed tomography images.
RESULTS: In the MSFB group, both a concha bullosa (61.3% vs. 28.6%, p=0.006) and Haller cells (41.9% vs. 30.4%) were present at higher frequencies than in the control group, although the between-group difference in Haller cell occurrence was not statistically significant (p=0.348). In addition, MSFB patients had a significantly lower mean infundibular width (3.23±0.69mm vs. 3.99±1.17mm, p<0.001) and a longer infundibular length (9.71±1.43mm vs. 8.23±1.72mm, p<0.001) than controls.
CONCLUSIONS: Sinonasal anatomical variations, especially the presence of a concha bullosa, and/or a narrow and long infundibulum, may play roles in the development of maxillary sinus fungal balls (MSFBs).

PMID: 26811302 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Limits of application of initiated chemiluminescence in monitoring of oncological process of mucous membrane of mouth and larynx.

Limits of application of initiated chemiluminescence in monitoring of oncological process of mucous membrane of mouth and larynx.

Luminescence. 2016 Jan 25;

Authors: Oliynyk I

Abstract
Investigation into the limits of application of chemiluminescence (CL) methods in oncology still attracts the attention of researchers. In the present work we analyze the screening and monitoring of oncological processes (OP) in the mucous membrane of the mouth and larynx by initiated CL (ICL). Chemiluminescence has already been used by stomatologists to define the start of OP, but methods that reflect the metabolic changes in organism under cancer diagnostics still have not found their place. This work presents results of ICL on blood serum (BS) of patients with oncological diseases at different stages of medical treatment compared with those of healthy people. We found an essential metabolic difference only in types of OP that are characterized by two maxima on chemiluminograms. These OP represent only 12.81% of groups of patients with oncological diseases. The possibility to apply ICL methods to monitor operation quality and control medical treatment at different stages when the two ICL maxima are present is established. At present, the chemiluminograms with the two maxima are mostly informative, but this does not exclude the quantitative analysis of other ICL kinetic methods and is encouraging for their investigation. Any OP introduces changes in organism function and these should be reflected in the ICL. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

PMID: 26809216 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Case 223: Arytenoid Dislocation.

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Case 223: Arytenoid Dislocation.

Radiology. 2015 Nov;277(2):607-11

Authors: Oppenheimer AG, Gulati V, Kirsch J, Alemar GO

Abstract
A 71-year-old man with a history of atrial fibrillation refractory to medical therapy and lung cancer status after left upper lobectomy presented to our hospital for elective cardioversion and rate control with tikosyn. Overnight, the patient became unresponsive and was found to be in a state of cardiogenic shock. A code was called, and he was stabilized after cardioversion and bedside intubation. His stay in the intensive care unit was complicated by ventilator-associated pneumonia. The patient subsequently underwent multiple failed extubation attempts, requiring two additional reintubations. He was finally extubated 18 days after his initial admission to the intensive care unit. After he was discharged, he reported a hoarse voice and was only able to whisper. His voice varied in timbre and volume, and it became hoarser with use. Otolaryngology evaluation, including laryngoscopy and video stroboscopy, showed immobility of the right vocal cord. He was referred for speech therapy, and a computed tomographic (CT) examination of the neck was ordered.

PMID: 26492026 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Increased B Cell ADAM10 in Allergic Patients and Th2 Prone Mice.

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Increased B Cell ADAM10 in Allergic Patients and Th2 Prone Mice.

PLoS One. 2015;10(5):e0124331

Authors: Cooley LF, Martin RK, Zellner HB, Irani AM, Uram-Tuculescu C, El Shikh ME, Conrad DH

Abstract
ADAM10, as the sheddase of the low affinity IgE receptor (CD23), promotes IgE production and thus is a unique target for attenuating allergic disease. Herein, we describe that B cell levels of ADAM10, specifically, are increased in allergic patients and Th2 prone WT mouse strains (Balb/c and A/J). While T cell help augments ADAM10 expression, Balb WT B cells exhibit increased ADAM10 in the naïve state and even more dramatically increased ADAM10 after anti-CD40/IL4 stimulation compared C57 (Th1 prone) WT B cells. Furthermore, ADAM17 and TNF are reduced in allergic patients and Th2 prone mouse strains (Balb/c and A/J) compared to Th1 prone controls. To further understand this regulation, ADAM17 and TNF were studied in C57Bl/6 and Balb/c mice deficient in ADAM10. C57-ADAM10B-/- were more adept at increasing ADAM17 levels and thus TNF cleavage resulting in excess follicular TNF levels and abnormal secondary lymphoid tissue architecture not noted in Balb-ADAM10B-/-. Moreover, the level of B cell ADAM10 as well as Th context is critical for determining IgE production potential. Using a murine house dust mite airway hypersensitivity model, we describe that high B cell ADAM10 level in a Th2 context (Balb/c WT) is optimal for disease induction including bronchoconstriction, goblet cell metaplasia, mucus, inflammatory cellular infiltration, and IgE production. Balb/c mice deficient in B cell ADAM10 have attenuated lung and airway symptoms compared to Balb WT and are actually most similar to C57 WT (Th1 prone). C57-ADAM10B-/- have even further reduced symptomology. Taken together, it is critical to consider both innate B cell levels of ADAM10 and ADAM17 as well as Th context when determining host susceptibility to allergic disease. High B cell ADAM10 and low ADAM17 levels would help diagnostically in predicting Th2 disease susceptibility; and, we provide support for the use ADAM10 inhibitors in treating Th2 disease.

PMID: 25933166 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Cyr61/CCN1 overexpression induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition leading to laryngeal tumor invasion and metastasis and poor prognosis.

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Cyr61/CCN1 overexpression induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition leading to laryngeal tumor invasion and metastasis and poor prognosis.

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16(7):2659-64

Authors: Liu Y, Zhou YD, Xiao YL, Li MH, Wang Y, Kan X, Li QY, Lu JG, Jin DJ

Abstract
BACKGROUND: To examine the expression of cysteine-rich 61 (Cyr61/CCN1) protein in laryngeal squamous- cell carcinoma (LSCC) tissues, and its relationship with the tumor epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, metastasis, and prognosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of Cyr61, Vimentin (Vim), and E-cadherin (E-cad) in 88 cases of LSCC tissues and 30 cases of tumor-adjacent normal tissues. Vim and E-cad were used as mesenchymal and epithelial markers, respectively, to determine the relationship between Cyr61 expression and the EMT of LSCC cells. In addition, clinical and histopathological data were combined to analyze the relationship between the positive-expression rates of Cyr61, Vim and E-cad and LSCC invasion, metastasis and prognosis.
RESULTS: In LSCC tissues, Vim expression rate was significantly higher than that of the tumor-adjacent tissues, whereas E-cad expression rate was significantly lower than that of the tumor-adjacent tissues. The Vim expression rate was significantly higher in stages T3 and T4 than in stages T1 and T2 LSCC tissues, whereas E-cad expression rate was significantly lower in stages T3 and T4 than in stages T1 and T2 LSCC tissues. Compared to the group without lymph node metastasis, the Vim expression rate was significantly higher and the E-cad expression rate was significantly lower in the group with lymph node metastasis. The expression rate of Cyr61 was significantly higher in LSCC tissues than in the tumor-adjacent normal tissues. In addition, the Cyr61 expression rate was higher in stages T3 and T4 than in stages T1 and T2 LSCC, and higher in the group with lymph node metastasis than in the group without lymph node metastasis. The Vim expression rate was significantly higher in the Cyr61 positive group than in the Cyr61 negative group, whereas the E-cad expression rate was significantly higher in the Cyr61 negative group than in the Cyr61 positive group. Survival analysis indicated that survival rates of Cyr61 positive, Vim positive and E-cad negative groups were significantly lower than that of Cyr61 negative, Vim negative and E-cad positive groups, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Cyr61 expression is closely associated with LSCC invasion and lymph node metastasis. Overexpression of Cyr61 may induce EMT and therefore leads to LSCC invasion and metastasis and poor prognosis. Cyr61 may become a new maker for clinical prediction of LSCC invasion and metastasis and a new target for LSCC treatment.

PMID: 25854342 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Speech-like rhythm in a voiced and voiceless orangutan call.

Related Articles

Speech-like rhythm in a voiced and voiceless orangutan call.

PLoS One. 2015;10(1):e116136

Authors: Lameira AR, Hardus ME, Bartlett AM, Shumaker RW, Wich SA, Menken SB

Abstract
The evolutionary origins of speech remain obscure. Recently, it was proposed that speech derived from monkey facial signals which exhibit a speech-like rhythm of ∼5 open-close lip cycles per second. In monkeys, these signals may also be vocalized, offering a plausible evolutionary stepping stone towards speech. Three essential predictions remain, however, to be tested to assess this hypothesis' validity; (i) Great apes, our closest relatives, should likewise produce 5Hz-rhythm signals, (ii) speech-like rhythm should involve calls articulatorily similar to consonants and vowels given that speech rhythm is the direct product of stringing together these two basic elements, and (iii) speech-like rhythm should be experience-based. Via cinematic analyses we demonstrate that an ex-entertainment orangutan produces two calls at a speech-like rhythm, coined "clicks" and "faux-speech." Like voiceless consonants, clicks required no vocal fold action, but did involve independent manoeuvring over lips and tongue. In parallel to vowels, faux-speech showed harmonic and formant modulations, implying vocal fold and supralaryngeal action. This rhythm was several times faster than orangutan chewing rates, as observed in monkeys and humans. Critically, this rhythm was seven-fold faster, and contextually distinct, than any other known rhythmic calls described to date in the largest database of the orangutan repertoire ever assembled. The first two predictions advanced by this study are validated and, based on parsimony and exclusion of potential alternative explanations, initial support is given to the third prediction. Irrespectively of the putative origins of these calls and underlying mechanisms, our findings demonstrate irrevocably that great apes are not respiratorily, articulatorilly, or neurologically constrained for the production of consonant- and vowel-like calls at speech rhythm. Orangutan clicks and faux-speech confirm the importance of rhythmic speech antecedents within the primate lineage, and highlight potential articulatory homologies between great ape calls and human consonants and vowels.

PMID: 25569211 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Comparison of the result of consolidative technique otoplasty and incisionless otoplasty in the repairs of prominent ears.

Comparison of the result of consolidative technique otoplasty and incisionless otoplasty in the repairs of prominent ears.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Jan 25;

Authors: Temel M, Şamil Kahraman Ş, Berber Ö, Çevik C, Akoğlu E

Abstract
We aimed to compare the long-term results of complications of consolidative technique otoplasty (CTO) and incisionless otoplasty (IO). The study consists of 156 patients who were operated between 2006 and 2015. According to surgical techniques, these patients were divided into two groups as IO group and CTO group. The distance between the head and the ear was assessed by measuring the four points preoperatively and postoperatively (SUP: most superior helical point, SCA: superior conchal attachment, ICA: inferior conchal attachment, and lobule). Early and late postoperative complications, operative time were recorded. 128 ears in IO group, 163 ears in CTO group were prominent. When postoperative SUP, SCA, ICA, lobule values for right and left ears in both groups were statistically evaluated, it was found that CTO technique has led to significantly greater improvement compared to the IO technique (p < 0.001). The success rate in IO technique and CTO technique was 72 and 96 %, respectively. Early complications were similar in both groups. The late period complication determined much more frequently was seen in the IO group. Concerning operative time, it was identified as significantly lower in the IO group (p < 0.001). The early-term outcomes of both techniques were similar; however, the complication rates due to suture material and needed for revision in IO technique were higher whereas CTO technique was more permanent with lower complication risks.

PMID: 26810363 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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ABR thresholds in infants born with CLP and OME and infants with OME.

ABR thresholds in infants born with CLP and OME and infants with OME.

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Feb;81:21-5

Authors: Sundman H, Flynn T, Tengroth B, Lohmander A

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds related to otitis media with effusion (OME) in infants with and without cleft palate and/or lip (CP±L).
METHODS: Forty-seven infants with CP±L and 67 infants with OME participated in the study. Hearing thresholds of ears of infants with OME were compared between groups and within the group with CP±L.
RESULTS: Infants with CP±L and OME presented with similar hearing thresholds as infants with OME and not CP±L. Within the cleft group, infants with isolated cleft palate and OME demonstrated significantly higher hearing thresholds than infants with unilateral cleft lip and palate and OME.
CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of infants with CP±L present with OME early in life. Hearing thresholds of these infants are similar to infants without CP±L, but with OME. The ear status and hearing thresholds of infants with CP±L needs to be monitored to be able to provide the best access to hearing in order to fully allow speech and language development.

PMID: 26810283 [PubMed - in process]

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How early L2 children perform on Italian clinical markers of SLI: A study of clitic production and nonword repetition.

How early L2 children perform on Italian clinical markers of SLI: A study of clitic production and nonword repetition.

Clin Linguist Phon. 2016 Jan 25;:1-20

Authors: Vender M, Garraffa M, Sorace A, Guasti MT

Abstract
Early second language (EL2) learners generally perform more poorly than monolinguals in specific language domains, presenting similarities with children affected by specific language impairment (SLI). As a consequence, it can be difficult to correctly diagnose this disorder in EL2 children. The current study investigated the performance of 120 EL2 and 40 age-matched monolingual children in object clitic production and nonword repetition, which are two sensitive clinical markers of SLI in Italian. Results show that EL2 children underperform in comparison to monolinguals in the clitic task. However, in contrast to what is reported on Italian-speaking children with SLI, EL2 children tend not to omit clitics but instead produce the incorrect form, committing agreement errors. No differences are found between EL2 and monolingual children on nonword repetition. These results suggest that, at least in Italian, EL2 children only superficially resemble children with SLI and, on closer inspection, present a qualitatively and quantitatively different linguistic profile.

PMID: 26810381 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Using ultrasound visual feedback to remediate velar fronting in preschool children: A pilot study.

Using ultrasound visual feedback to remediate velar fronting in preschool children: A pilot study.

Clin Linguist Phon. 2016 Jan 25;:1-16

Authors: Heng Q, McCabe P, Clarke J, Preston JL

Abstract
Anecdotally, velar fronting can be difficult to remediate in some children. This pilot study examined the use of ultrasound visual feedback in remediating velar fronting in typically developing children. A single-case, multiple-baseline across-subjects experimental design was used to examine acquisition, retention and generalisation of velar treatment targets. Two otherwise typically developing children (P1, aged 4;0; P3, aged 4;11) completed the study. The productions of /k/ and /ɡ/ at syllable level were targeted during treatment. P1 improved her productions of /k/ and /ɡ/ at syllable level during the treatment period and achieved correct production at word level during follow-up. P3 made no improvements in his productions of velar targets. This study suggests that ultrasound visual feedback may be an option for remediating velar fronting in some preschoolers. Further study is required.

PMID: 26810299 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Voice tuning with new instruments for type II thyroplasty in the treatment of adductor spasmodic dysphonia.

Voice tuning with new instruments for type II thyroplasty in the treatment of adductor spasmodic dysphonia.

Auris Nasus Larynx. 2016 Jan 22;

Authors: Sanuki T, Yumoto E, Toya Y, Kumai Y

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Adductor spasmodic dysphonia is a rare voice disorder characterized by strained and strangled voice quality with intermittent phonatory breaks and adductory vocal fold spasms. Type II thyroplasty differs from previous treatments in that this surgery does not involve any surgical intervention into the laryngeal muscle, nerve or vocal folds. Type II thyroplasty intervenes in the thyroid cartilage, which is unrelated to the lesion. This procedure, conducted with the aim of achieving lateralization of the vocal folds, requires utmost surgical caution due to the extreme delicacy of the surgical site, critically sensitive adjustment, and difficult procedures to maintain the incised cartilages at a correct position. During surgery, the correct separation of the incised cartilage edges with voice monitoring is the most important factor determining surgical success and patient satisfaction.
METHODS: We designed new surgical instruments: a thyroid cartilage elevator for undermining the thyroid cartilage, and spacer devices to gauge width while performing voice monitoring. These devices were designed to prevent surgical complications, and to aid in selecting the optimal size of titanium bridges while temporally maintaining a separation during voice monitoring.
RESULTS: We designed new surgical instruments, including a thyroid cartilage elevator and spacer devices. Precise surgical procedures and performing voice tuning during surgery with the optimal separation width of the thyroid cartilage are key points for surgical success.
CONCLUSION: We introduce the technique of voice tuning using these surgical tools in order to achieve a better outcome with minimal surgical complications.

PMID: 26811303 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Tapia's syndrome: pathogenetic mechanisms, diagnostic management, and proper treatment: a case series.

Tapia's syndrome: pathogenetic mechanisms, diagnostic management, and proper treatment: a case series.

J Med Case Rep. 2016;10(1):23

Authors: Cariati P, Cabello A, Galvez PP, Sanchez Lopez D, Garcia Medina B

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tapia's syndrome is an uncommon disease described in 1904 by Antonio Garcia Tapia, a Spanish otolaryngologist. It is characterized by concomitant paralysis of the hypoglossal (XIIth) and pneumogastric (Xth) nerves. Only 69 cases have been described in the literature. Typically, the reported patients presented with a history of orotracheal intubation. Common symptoms are dysphonia, tongue deviation toward the affected side, lingual motility disturbance, and swallowing difficulty.
CASE PRESENTATION: In the report, we describe three cases of Tapia's syndrome in three Caucasian patients who underwent surgery with general anesthesia. Two of these patients underwent neck abscess drainage, and the third had an open reduction of a shoulder fracture. The clinical symptoms of Tapia's syndrome appeared after extubation. All three of our patients recovered their lost function at 3 months after diagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS: We underline the importance of performing airway endoscopy and a specific program of swallowing rehabilitation for the proper management of Tapia's syndrome.

PMID: 26809980 [PubMed - in process]

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