High-grade malignant transformation of a radiation-naïve nasopharyngeal angiofibroma.

High-grade malignant transformation of a radiation-naïve nasopharyngeal angiofibroma.

Head Neck. 2016 Feb 3;

Authors: Allensworth JJ, Troob SH, Lanciault C, Andersen PE

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal angiofibromas are typically considered benign vascular neoplasms, with descriptions of high-grade sarcomatous change found only in lesions with prior radiotherapy.
METHODS AND RESULTS: We describe the first reported case of high-grade malignant change in a nasopharyngeal angiofibroma naive to radiation. A 45-year-old man presented with left-sided nasal congestion and fullness and was found to have a left-sided nasopharyngeal mass with intracranial extension on CT scan. A biopsy of the mass revealed nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. The patient opted for MRI surveillance, which revealed interval growth 3 years later. Decompression surgery revealed only angiofibroma, but resection 9 months later demonstrated high-grade sarcoma and concomitant angiofibroma. The patient had residual disease which progressed through chemoradiation, and is now pursuing clinical trial enrollment.
CONCLUSION: Malignant transformation of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is extremely rare. As highlighted by this report, high-grade undifferentiated lesions may arise in tumors without previous radiation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2016.

PMID: 26841332 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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High-grade histology as predictor of early distant metastases and decreased disease-free survival in salivary gland cancer irrespective of tumor subtype.

High-grade histology as predictor of early distant metastases and decreased disease-free survival in salivary gland cancer irrespective of tumor subtype.

Head Neck. 2016 Feb 3;

Authors: Haderlein M, Scherl C, Semrau S, Lettmaier S, Uter W, Neukam FW, Iro H, Agaimy A, Fietkau R

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate risk factors that influence overall survival (OS)/disease-free survival (DFS)/locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS), and distant metastases-free survival (DMFS) in patients with high-risk primary salivary gland carcinoma who underwent surgery and postoperative (chemo)radiotherapy with curative intention.
METHODS: We reviewed data of 63 patients with high-risk primary salivary gland carcinoma in a retrospective single-center audit.
RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 31 months (range, 5-145 months), cumulative OS and DFS were 91.7%, 77.6%, and 62.9%, and 82.1%, 65.6%, and 57.7%, respectively, after 1, 2, and 5 years. LRFS and DMFS were 92%, 86%, and 86%, and 83.4%, 70.4%, and 62.3% after 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively. Of all patient-related, tumor-related, and treatment-related factors, high-grade histology (G3) was the only factor in univariate and multivariate analysis that was predictive for a shorter DMFS (low/intermediate vs high-grade: 100%, 100%, and 89.4% vs 72.9%, 54.3%, and 42.8% after 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively) and a shorter DFS (low/intermediate vs high-grade: 100%, 90%, and 84.4% vs 71.2%, 50.1%, and 39.4% after 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively) and OS (low/intermediate vs high-grade: 100%, 100%, and 86.5% vs 86.5%, 63.2%, and 46.5% after 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively).
CONCLUSION: High-grade tumor histology is a highly significant predictor of a shorter DMFS, OS, and DFS in salivary gland carcinoma, irrespective of histological subtype. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2016.

PMID: 26841273 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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A retrospective study of long-term treatment outcomes for reduced vocal intensity in hypokinetic dysarthria.

A retrospective study of long-term treatment outcomes for reduced vocal intensity in hypokinetic dysarthria.

BMC Ear Nose Throat Disord. 2016;16:2

Authors: Watts CR

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Reduced vocal intensity is a core impairment of hypokinetic dysarthria in Parkinson's disease (PD). Speech treatments have been developed to rehabilitate the vocal subsystems underlying this impairment. Intensive treatment programs requiring high-intensity voice and speech exercises with clinician-guided prompting and feedback have been established as effective for improving vocal function. Less is known, however, regarding long-term outcomes of clinical benefit in speakers with PD who receive these treatments.
METHODS: A retrospective cohort design was utilized. Data from 78 patient files across a three year period were analyzed. All patients received a structured, intensive program of voice therapy focusing on speaking intent and loudness. The dependent variable for all analyses was vocal intensity in decibels (dBSPL). Vocal intensity during sustained vowel production, reading, and novel conversational speech was compared at pre-treatment, post-treatment, six month follow-up, and twelve month follow-up periods.
RESULTS: Statistically significant increases in vocal intensity were found at post-treatment, 6 months, and 12 month follow-up periods with intensity gains ranging from 5 to 17 dB depending on speaking condition and measurement period. Significant treatment effects were found in all three speaking conditions. Effect sizes for all outcome measures were large, suggesting a strong degree of practical significance.
CONCLUSIONS: Significant increases in vocal intensity measured at 6 and 12 moth follow-up periods suggested that the sample of patients maintained treatment benefit for up to a year. These findings are supported by outcome studies reporting treatment outcomes within a few months post-treatment, in addition to prior studies that have reported long-term outcome results. The positive treatment outcomes experienced by the PD cohort in this study are consistent with treatment responses subsequent to other treatment approaches which focus on high-intensity, clinician guided motor learning for voice and speech production in PD. Theories regarding the underlying neurophysiological response to treatment will be discussed.

PMID: 26839511 [PubMed]

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Assessment of the psychosocial impacts of cochlear implants on adult recipients and their partners.

Assessment of the psychosocial impacts of cochlear implants on adult recipients and their partners.

Cochlear Implants Int. 2016 Feb 3;

Authors: Chen S, Karamy B, Shipp D, Nedzelski J, Chen J, Lin V

Abstract
Objectives In the present study we sought to evaluate the psychosocial and quality of life (QOL) impacts of cochlear implant (CI) treatment on both CI recipients and their partners in a Canadian population. Methods A qualitative cross-sectional contemporary cohort evaluation was conducted by distributing specifically designed questionnaires to both CI recipients and their partners at their follow-up appointments over a month at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre. Results It was found that both CI recipients and their partners demonstrated substantial benefit and improvement in multiple psychosocial domains. Discussion Musical listening was found to show variable improvements between recipients. Further analysis found a simple correlation where the group of recipients who all had a hearing disability for a longer duration had demonstrated a higher proportion of improvement in musical listening. CI recipients endorsed having improved QOL which was in agreement with proxy observation by partners. Conclusion Overall, CI use has been shown to have significant benefit to psychosocial well-being of CI recipients. This benefit is also conferred to their caregivers/partners; which in our society concerned about caregiver burden is quite important to recognize.

PMID: 26839952 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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New scoring system of an interview for the diagnosis of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

New scoring system of an interview for the diagnosis of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Mar;136(3):283-8

Authors: Imai T, Higashi-Shingai K, Takimoto Y, Masumura C, Hattori K, Inohara H

Abstract
Conclusion This study investigated a novel instrument to diagnose benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Objective To develop a new scoring system of an interview for the diagnosis of BPPV. Methods The answers to questions on dizziness and/or vertigo (D/V) (571 patients) were analyzed and the questions for which the answers differed significantly between the patients with and without BPPV were selected. Results This study established an intensive questionnaire with a scoring system. It consists of the following questions: (1) Is rotary vertigo a characteristic of your D/V? (2) Is your D/V triggered when you roll your head over in a supine position? (3) Does your D/V disappear within 5 min? (4) Have you previously experienced hearing loss in one ear, or have you experienced hearing loss, tinnitus, or ear fullness with this D/V? One point each was given to an answer of 'yes' to questions (1) and (2). Two points were given to an answer of 'yes' to question (3). One point was subtracted upon an answer of 'yes' to question (4). When the total score was greater than two points, the patient was diagnosed with BPPV. The sensitivity of the diagnosis of BPPV by this scoring system was 81% and the specificity was 69%.

PMID: 26838579 [PubMed - in process]

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An overview of previous studies reporting multiple gigantic odontomas of both jaws.

An overview of previous studies reporting multiple gigantic odontomas of both jaws.

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2016 Jan 2;

Authors: Ide F, Kikuchi K, Miyazaki Y, Kusama K, Muramatsu T

PMID: 26838939 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Submucosal tunnel endoscopy: Peroral endoscopic myotomy and peroral endoscopic tumor resection.

Submucosal tunnel endoscopy: Peroral endoscopic myotomy and peroral endoscopic tumor resection.

World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2016 Jan 25;8(2):86-103

Authors: Eleftheriadis N, Inoue H, Ikeda H, Onimaru M, Maselli R, Santi G

Abstract
Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is an innovative, minimally invasive, endoscopic treatment for esophageal achalasia and other esophageal motility disorders, emerged from the natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery procedures, and since the first human case performed by Inoue in 2008, showed exciting results in international level, with more than 4000 cases globally up to now. POEM showed superior characteristics than the standard 100-year-old surgical or laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM), not only for all types of esophageal achalasia [classical (I), vigorous (II), spastic (III), Chicago Classification], but also for advanced sigmoid type achalasia (S1 and S2), failed LHM, or other esophageal motility disorders (diffuse esophageal spasm, nutcracker esophagus or Jackhammer esophagus). POEM starts with a mucosal incision, followed by submucosal tunnel creation crossing the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) and myotomy. Finally the mucosal entry is closed with endoscopic clip placement. POEM permitted relatively free choice of myotomy length and localization. Although it is technically demanding procedure, POEM can be performed safely and achieves very good control of dysphagia and chest pain. Gastroesophageal reflux is the most common troublesome side effect, and is well controllable with proton pump inhibitors. Furthermore, POEM opened the era of submucosal tunnel endoscopy, with many other applications. Based on the same principles with POEM, in combination with new technological developments, such as endoscopic suturing, peroral endoscopic tumor resection (POET), is safely and effectively applied for challenging submucosal esophageal, EGJ and gastric cardia tumors (submucosal tumors), emerged from muscularis propria. POET showed up to know promising results, however, it is restricted to specialized centers. The present article reviews the recent data of POEM and POET and discussed controversial issues that need further study and future perspectives.

PMID: 26839649 [PubMed]

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Laparoscopic esophagomyotomy for achalasia in children: A review.

Laparoscopic esophagomyotomy for achalasia in children: A review.

World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2016 Jan 25;8(2):56-66

Authors: Pandian TK, Naik ND, Fahy AS, Arghami A, Farley DR, Ishitani MB, Moir CR

Abstract
Esophageal achalasia in children is rare but ultimately requires endoscopic or surgical treatment. Historically, Heller esophagomyotomy has been recommended as the treatment of choice. The refinement of minimally invasive techniques has shifted the trend of treatment toward laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) in adults and children with achalasia. A review of the available literature on LHM performed in patients < 18 years of age was conducted. The pediatric LHM experience is limited to one multi-institutional and several single-institutional retrospective studies. Available data suggest that LHM is safe and effective. There is a paucity of evidence on the need for and superiority of concurrent antireflux procedures. In addition, a more complete portrayal of complications and long-term (> 5 years) outcomes is needed. Due to the infrequency of achalasia in children, these characteristics are unlikely to be defined without collaboration between multiple pediatric surgery centers. The introduction of peroral endoscopic myotomy and single-incision techniques, continue the trend of innovative approaches that may eventually become the standard of care.

PMID: 26839646 [PubMed]

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Auditory risk of air rifles.

Auditory risk of air rifles.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Feb;55(sup1):S51-S58

Authors: Lankford JE, Meinke DK, Flamme GA, Finan DS, Stewart M, Tasko S, Murphy WJ

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the impulse noise exposure and auditory risk for air rifle users for both youth and adults.
DESIGN: Acoustic characteristics were examined and the auditory risk estimates were evaluated using contemporary damage-risk criteria for unprotected adult listeners and the 120-dB peak limit and LAeq75 exposure limit suggested by the World Health Organization (1999) for children.
STUDY SAMPLE: Impulses were generated by nine pellet air rifles and one BB air rifle.
RESULTS: None of the air rifles generated peak levels that exceeded the 140 dB peak limit for adults, and eight (80%) exceeded the 120 dB peak SPL limit for youth. In general, for both adults and youth, there is minimal auditory risk when shooting fewer than 100 unprotected shots with pellet air rifles. Air rifles with suppressors were less hazardous than those without suppressors, and the pellet air rifles with higher velocities were generally more hazardous than those with lower velocities.
CONCLUSION: To minimize auditory risk, youth should utilize air rifles with an integrated suppressor and lower velocity ratings. Air rifle shooters are advised to wear hearing protection whenever engaging in shooting activities in order to gain self-efficacy and model appropriate hearing health behaviors necessary for recreational firearm use.

PMID: 26840923 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Speech recognition in noise under hearing protection: A computational study of the combined effects of hearing loss and hearing protector attenuation.

Speech recognition in noise under hearing protection: A computational study of the combined effects of hearing loss and hearing protector attenuation.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Feb;55(sup1):S30-S40

Authors: Giguère C, Berger EH

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of hearing protection on speech recognition in noise.
DESIGN: Computational study using a speech recognition model that was previously empirically validated.
STUDY SAMPLE: Recognition scores were calculated in unprotected and protected conditions for four sets of hearing protector attenuation functions in two different noises, for three simulated hearing profiles illustrative of those anticipated in the noisy workplace.
RESULTS: For a normal-hearing profile, recognition scores were not sensitive to the slope of the attenuation function and the overall amount of noise reduction, but protected conditions provided a small but consistent 7-12% benefit compared to unprotected listening. For profiles simulating hearing loss, recognition scores were much more sensitive to the attenuation function. Substantial drops of 30% or more were found compared to unprotected listening in some conditions of steep attenuation slopes and large noise reductions. Attenuation functions modelled from real hearing protectors with nearly-flat attenuation yielded a benefit compared to unprotected listening for all hearing profiles studied. These findings were true in both noises.
CONCLUSIONS: Limiting the slope of the hearing protector attenuation function and/or the overall amount of noise reduction is useful and warranted for workers with hearing loss to prevent adverse effects on speech recognition.

PMID: 26840922 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Celebrating hearing loss prevention.

Celebrating hearing loss prevention.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Feb;55(sup1):S1-S2

Authors: Le Prell CG, Grantham MA

PMID: 26840921 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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The endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure: finally ready for prime time in the management of inflammatory sinus disease.

The endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure: finally ready for prime time in the management of inflammatory sinus disease.

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2016 Feb 3;

Authors: Smith TL

PMID: 26840660 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Early changes in condylar position after mandibular advancement: a three-dimensional analysis.

Early changes in condylar position after mandibular advancement: a three-dimensional analysis.

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016 Jan 30;

Authors: Méndez-Manjón I, Guijarro-Martínez R, Valls-Ontañón A, Hernández-Alfaro F

Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform a three-dimensional (3D) assessment of positional changes of the mandibular condyle after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO). A prospective evaluation of 22 skeletal class II patients who underwent a BSSO for mandibular advancement was performed. Pre- and postoperative cone beam computed tomography scans were taken. Using the cranial base as a stable reference, the pre- and postoperative 3D skull models were superimposed virtually. Positional changes of the condyles were assessed with a 3D colour mapping system (SimPlant O&O). A Brunner-Langer statistical test was applied to test the null hypothesis that the condylar position remains stable after BSSO. The level of significance was set at 0.05. The mean mandibular advancement in the studied sample was 6.7±1.6mm. Overall, the condylar positional changes after BSSO for mandibular advancement were statistically significant (P<0.05). A positive correlation was found between the displacement of the left condyle and the amount of mandibular advancement (P<0.01). The results of this study suggest that statistically significant changes of condylar position occur after mandibular advancement. Long-term evaluation is needed to assess the capacity of the temporomandibular joint to adapt to these changes.

PMID: 26837717 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Presentation, clinical pathological and post-mortem findings in three related Scottish terriers with ligneous membranitis.

Presentation, clinical pathological and post-mortem findings in three related Scottish terriers with ligneous membranitis.

J Small Anim Pract. 2016 Feb 3;

Authors: Mason SL, Fisher C, Ressel L, Bommer NX, Buckley LM, Nuttall T

Abstract
Ligneous conjunctivitis and gingivitis were diagnosed in three related Scottish terrier dogs presented for investigation of severe conjunctivitis and respiratory signs. Hypoplasminogenaemia was confirmed in one of the three affected dogs. Supportive treatment was not effective, and the dogs died or were euthanased because of the disease. Post-mortem analysis of two of the dogs revealed multiple abnormalities including severe proliferative fibrinous lesions affecting the conjunctiva, gingiva, trachea, larynx and epicardium and multiple fibrous adhesions throughout the thoracic and abdominal cavities. One dog had internal hydrocephalus and lacked a cerebellar vermis. Ligneous membranitis was confirmed on histopathology. This is a rare condition in dogs but an important differential diagnosis for severe conjunctivitis and gingivitis.

PMID: 26840763 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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A rare and unusual occurrence of rhabdomyosarcoma arising from the larynx.

A rare and unusual occurrence of rhabdomyosarcoma arising from the larynx.

Indian J Cancer. 2015 Jan-Mar;52(1):125-6

Authors: Chiramel GK, Chacko BR, Thomas R, Jebakumar D

PMID: 26837999 [PubMed - in process]

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Synchronous primary cancers in the head and neck region and upper aero digestive tract: Role of triple endoscopy.

Synchronous primary cancers in the head and neck region and upper aero digestive tract: Role of triple endoscopy.

Indian J Cancer. 2015 Jan-Mar;52(1):53-6

Authors: Krishnatreya M, Rahman T, Kataki AC, Lahkar K

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Patients with cancers in the head and region are at increased risk of developing synchronous primary cancers.
AIM: The aim of this study is to see the role of endoscopy in the pre-therapeutic works-up of patients with the cancers in the head and neck region.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data of head and neck cancer patients from January 2010 to December 2011 were obtained from the hospital cancer registry for retrospective analysis of patients with synchronous cancers. All synchronous malignancies were analyzed for distribution of sites, association with smoking history and the average age of patients at presentation with synchronous cancers. The Chi-square test for association of upper aero digestive tract (UADT) and smoking and statistical formula of mode for average age have been employed for analyzing results.
RESULTS: Incidence of synchronous primaries has been found to be 1.43% and mostly males were affected. The common index sites for synchronous primaries are oropharynx 22 (36.6%), oral cavity 14 (23.3%), hypopharyx 12 (20%) and larynx eight (13.3%) cases in decreasing order, 58.3% synchronous occurred at esophagus and 0.83% of all head and neck cancers developed synchronous primary at esophagus. Association of UADT synchronous cancers with smoking (odds ratio = 13.42, Chi-square 7.12 at 95% confidence interval, P = 0.0076) is highly significant and the average age is 62.6 years in males and 62 years in females.
CONCLUSION: Endoscopy can be rationally used during the pre-therapeutic work-up of patients with a history of smoking and/or in patients over the age of 62 years. Instead of complete upper gastro intestinal endoscopy up to the second part of duodenum, only esophagoscopy is needed for the detection of synchronous primary of upper aero-digestive tract in cancers of the head and neck region.

PMID: 26837973 [PubMed - in process]

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Clinical features and outcomes of delayed facial palsy after head trauma.

Clinical features and outcomes of delayed facial palsy after head trauma.

Auris Nasus Larynx. 2016 Jan 30;

Authors: Li Q, Jia Y, Feng Q, Tang B, Wei N, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhang X

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate clinical features and outcomes of delayed facial palsy after head trauma.
METHODS: The cases who had delayed facial palsy after head trauma treated from March 2008 to March 2013 at our hospital were enrolled in the study, and their clinical features and outcomes were analyzed.
RESULTS: Thirty-five of 1620 cases developed delayed facial palsy after head trauma. Facial palsy occurred within day 3-7 in 23 cases, during day 8-14 in 8 cases, and 2 weeks later in 4 cases. Thirty-three cases were treated by prednisolone alone, and two cases who showed ≥90% degeneration of nerve fibers underwent surgical exploration and decompression. Among the 33 cases who received conservative treatment, 27 cases (81.8%) recovered completely, 3 cases (9.1%) recovered to Grade II, and only 3 cases (9.1%) recovered to Grade III or IV. The two surgically treated patients recovered to Grade II and III, respectively.
CONCLUSION: The incidence of delayed facial palsy was 2.2% after head trauma. Delayed facial palsy mainly occurred within 2 weeks after head trauma. And over 90% patients achieved good recovery (HB Grade I or II) of facial nerve after conservative treatment.

PMID: 26837868 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Germline RET mutation carriers in Japanese patients with apparently sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma: A single institution experience.

Germline RET mutation carriers in Japanese patients with apparently sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma: A single institution experience.

Auris Nasus Larynx. 2016 Jan 30;

Authors: Kihara M, Miyauchi A, Yoshioka K, Oda H, Nakayama A, Sasai H, Yabuta T, Masuoka H, Higashiyama T, Fukushima M, Ito Y, Kobayashi K, Miya A

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Genetic testing for RET germline mutation can be useful to distinguish whether a patient with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is genuinely sporadic or hereditary. Conducting a routine preoperative germline RET genetic screening for all patients with MTC has the clinical benefit, i.e., avoidance of unnecessary total thyroidectomy in the selected patients. We sought to clarify the incidence of germline RET mutation carriers in Japanese patients with apparently sporadic MTC and to address the differences in clinicopathological characteristics between true sporadic MTC and hereditary MTC in these patients, all of whom were treated at Kuma Hospital.
METHODS: A total of 134 patients with apparently sporadic MTC who underwent surgery between 1996 and 2014 were enrolled. All patients underwent a germline RET gene mutation analysis preoperatively.
RESULTS: Germline mutations in RET proto-oncogene were identified in 20 of the 134 (14.9%) apparently sporadic MTC patients. No significant difference in clinicopathological characteristics was observed between the patients with sporadic MTC (n=114) and those with hereditary MTC (n=20) except for the RET gene carriers' younger age at diagnosis and presence of multifocal and bilateral lesions.
CONCLUSION: Germline RET mutations were identified in 14.9% of Japanese patients with apparently sporadic MTC. No clearly decisive clinicopathological characteristics was observed to distinguish whether an apparently sporadic MTC case was genuinely sporadic or unconsciously hereditary. For the treatment strategy decision, it is advantageous to conduct a routine preoperative germline RET genetic screening for all patients with MTC, even if their MTC is apparently sporadic.

PMID: 26837867 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Akkermansia muciniphila and Helicobacter typhlonius modulate intestinal tumor development in mice.

Related Articles

Akkermansia muciniphila and Helicobacter typhlonius modulate intestinal tumor development in mice.

Carcinogenesis. 2015 Nov;36(11):1388-96

Authors: Dingemanse C, Belzer C, van Hijum SA, Günthel M, Salvatori D, den Dunnen JT, Kuijper EJ, Devilee P, de Vos WM, van Ommen GB, Robanus-Maandag EC

Abstract
Gastrointestinal tumor growth is thought to be promoted by gastrointestinal bacteria and their inflammatory products. We observed that intestine-specific conditional Apc mutant mice (FabplCre;Apc (15lox/+)) developed many more colorectal tumors under conventional than under pathogen-low housing conditions. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing plus quantitative PCR analysis of feces DNA revealed the presence of two bacterial species in conventional mice, absent from pathogen-low mice. One, Helicobacter typhlonius, has not been associated with cancer in man, nor in immune-competent mice. The other species, mucin-degrading Akkermansia muciniphila, is abundantly present in healthy humans, but reduced in patients with inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases and in obese and type 2 diabetic mice. Eradication of H.typhlonius in young conventional mice by antibiotics decreased the number of intestinal tumors. Additional presence of A.muciniphila prior to the antibiotic treatment reduced the tumor number even further. Colonization of pathogen-low FabplCre;Apc (15lox/+) mice with H.typhlonius or A.muciniphila increased the number of intestinal tumors, the thickness of the intestinal mucus layer and A.muciniphila colonization without H.typhlonius increased the density of mucin-producing goblet cells. However, dual colonization with H.typhlonius and A.muciniphila significantly reduced the number of intestinal tumors, the mucus layer thickness and goblet cell density to that of control mice. By global microbiota composition analysis, we found a positive association of A.muciniphila, and of H.typhlonius, and a negative association of unclassified Clostridiales with increased tumor burden. We conclude that A.muciniphila and H.typhlonius can modulate gut microbiota composition and intestinal tumor development in mice.

PMID: 26320104 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Epiglottic Squamous Cell Carcinoma Showing Unexpected 18F-FDOPA Uptake on PET/CT Investigation.

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Epiglottic Squamous Cell Carcinoma Showing Unexpected 18F-FDOPA Uptake on PET/CT Investigation.

Clin Nucl Med. 2015 Jul;40(7):e370-1

Authors: Dietemann S, Debry C, Onea A, Namer IJ, Imperiale A

Abstract
We report the unexpected findings of ¹⁸F-fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine (¹⁸F-FDOPA) PET/CT performed in a patient with a history of ileal carcinoid. A focally increased ¹⁸F-FDOPA uptake was detected in the left side of the epiglottis corresponding to a laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Interestingly, uptake of 3-O-methyl-6-¹⁸F-fluoro-L-dihydroxyphenylalanine, a metabolite of ¹⁸F-FDOPA, has been previously reported in both squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and the corresponding mouse tumor xenograft models. Although ¹⁸F-FDOPA is mainly used in patients with neuroendocrine tumors, ¹⁸F-FDOPA is not a neuroendocrine tumor-specific radiotracer.

PMID: 26018705 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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