Cerebral infarction after intraarterial and intravenous chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer: A retrospective analysis using a Japanese inpatient database.

Cerebral infarction after intraarterial and intravenous chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer: A retrospective analysis using a Japanese inpatient database.

Head Neck. 2016 Mar 25;

Authors: Suzuki S, Yasunaga H, Matsui H, Fushimi K, Saito Y, Yamasoba T

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The occurrence of cerebral infarction after intraarterial chemoradiotherapy (CRT) remains uncertain.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) database from 2010 to 2013. We performed a 1:4 propensity score-matched analysis between patients undergoing intraarterial or intravenous CRT, and determined the association between cerebral infarction and intraarterial CRT.
RESULTS: Among patients with head and neck cancer receiving platinum-based chemotherapy and concurrent radiotherapy, we identified 776 patients with intraarterial CRT and 7157 with intravenous CRT. The occurrence of cerebral infarction was significantly higher in the intraarterial CRT group than in the intravenous CRT group: 1.4% (11 of 775) versus 0.4% (12 of 3100; p = .002). There was no significant difference in mucosal toxicity or febrile neutropenia.
CONCLUSION: About 10% of patients received intraarterial CRT. Intraarterial CRT was associated with a higher incidence of cerebral infarction than was intravenous CRT. This result is useful when considering the procedure-related risks and the potential benefits of intraarterial CRT. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2016.

PMID: 27015638 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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AHNS Series: Do you know your guidelines?Principles of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer: A review of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines.

AHNS Series: Do you know your guidelines?Principles of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer: A review of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines.

Head Neck. 2016 Mar 25;

Authors: Gooi Z, Fakhry C, Goldenberg D, Richmon J, Kiess AP, Education Committee of the American Head and Neck Society (AHNS)

Abstract
This article is a continuation of the "Do You Know Your Guidelines" series, an initiative of the American Head and Neck Society's Education Committee to increase awareness of current best practices pertaining to head and neck cancer. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for radiotherapy in the treatment for head and neck cancers are reviewed here in a systematic fashion according to site and stage. These guidelines outline indications for primary and adjuvant treatment, as well as general principles of radiotherapy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2016.

PMID: 27015108 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Excision margins and sentinel lymph node status as prognostic factors in thick melanoma of the head and neck: A retrospective analysis.

Excision margins and sentinel lymph node status as prognostic factors in thick melanoma of the head and neck: A retrospective analysis.

Head Neck. 2016 Mar 25;

Authors: Ruskin O, Sanelli A, Herschtal A, Webb A, Dixon B, Pohl M, Donahoe S, Spillane J, Henderson MA, Gyorki DE

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Recommended margins for thick cutaneous melanoma (Breslow thickness >4 mm; T4) have decreased over recent decades. Optimal margins and the role of sentinel node biopsy (SNB) in thick head and neck melanoma remain controversial.
METHODS: A single-center review was conducted of patients treated between 2002 and 2012 assessing the impact of excision margins and sentinel lymph node status on locoregional recurrence and melanoma-specific survival (MSS).
RESULTS: One hundred eight patients were identified. Median age was 71.1 years and median Breslow thickness was 6.0 mm. Median follow-up was 40 months. Locoregional recurrence occurred in 27% and there was no significant reduction in recurrence with margins ≥2 cm (p = .17). Increasing margins did not improve survival (p = .58). Fifty-nine patients (55%) underwent SNB, of which 27% were positive. There was a trend toward longer survival for patients who were sentinel lymph node-negative (p = .097).
CONCLUSION: Wider margins do not significantly improve locoregional recurrence or MSS. Sentinel lymph node involvement reflects a poor prognosis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2016.

PMID: 27014970 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Primary surgery for advanced-stage laryngeal cancer: A stage and subsite-specific survival analysis.

Primary surgery for advanced-stage laryngeal cancer: A stage and subsite-specific survival analysis.

Head Neck. 2016 Mar 25;

Authors: Harris BN, Bhuskute AA, Rao S, Farwell DG, Bewley AF

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Treatment recommendations for advanced-stage laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have evolved significantly over the last 2 decades.
METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database with advanced-stage laryngeal SCC treated between 2004 and 2012.
RESULTS: A total of 6797 patients were identified in the SEER database who met inclusion criteria, with 2051 patients undergoing primary surgery and 4746 patients undergoing primary radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly better for patients treated with primary surgery when compared using Kaplan-Meier curves and a Cox multivariate regression. When survival analysis was repeated for patients stratified by T classification, N classification, and subsite, OS and DSS benefits from primary surgery were observed for patients with T3 and T4a tumors, N0 neck disease, or supraglottic primaries.
CONCLUSION: Patients with advanced-stage laryngeal SCC with T3 and T4a tumors, N0 neck disease, or supraglottic primaries have the greatest chance of survival when treated with primary surgery. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2016.

PMID: 27014858 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Early diagnosis and management of esophageal leakage after peroral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia.

Early diagnosis and management of esophageal leakage after peroral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia.

Turk J Gastroenterol. 2016 Mar;27(2):97-102

Authors: Zhang YQ, Yao LQ, Xu MD, Li QL, Chen WF, Hu JW, Cai MY, Qin WZ, Zhou PH

Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS: To improve the understanding of esophageal leakage after peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: From August 2010 to April 2013, patients with postoperative esophageal leakage were identified from the database of cases with achalasia who had undergone POEM and their medical records were reviewed.
RESULTS: Three patients (0.4%, 3/679) developed esophageal leakage after POEM. All three patients had non-severe chest or upper abdominal pain within 3 days after the procedure. Infections were observed, and computed tomography scans showed pleural effusion in all three patients. Pneumonia occurred in two of the three patients. Esophageal leakage was confirmed by gastroscopy. Incision rupture due to an early breaking-off of the clips at the tunnel entry was revealed in two cases. When detected, the entry was immediately closed using metal clips. A thoracic drain was placed in all cases. An enteric feeding tube was also placed to help correct nutrition deficiencies. Successful leakage closure was achieved in all three cases and no surgical intervention was needed.
CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis and treatment can improve the status of patients with esophageal leakage after POEM and can shorten the recovery time.

PMID: 27015615 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Surgical Treatment of Iatrogenic Ventral Glottic Stenosis Using a Mucosal Flap Technique.

Surgical Treatment of Iatrogenic Ventral Glottic Stenosis Using a Mucosal Flap Technique.

Vet Surg. 2016 Mar 25;

Authors: Kane-Smyth J, Barnett TP, Mark O'Leary J, Dixon PM

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe a novel surgical technique for correcting postoperative ventral glottic stenosis (cicatrix or web formation) and the outcome in 2 Thoroughbred racehorses.
STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case report.
ANIMALS: Thoroughbreds diagnosed with ventral glottic stenosis (n=2).
METHODS: Horses presenting with iatrogenic ventral glottic stenosis and resultant exercise intolerance and abnormal exercise-related noise were anesthetized and a midline sagittal skin incision was made over the ventral larynx and between the sternohyoideus muscles overlying the cricothyroid notch. The cricothyroid ligament, attached laryngeal cicatrix, and overlying mucosa were sagittally sectioned at the dorsal aspect of the cicatrix on the left side. The laryngeal mucosa, cicatrix, and underlying cricothyroid ligament immediately rostral and caudal to the cicatrix were sectioned in a medial (axial) direction as far as the right side of the cricothyroid notch. After resection of the majority of the attached cicatrix tissue, the residual mucosal flap (attached to the right side of the larynx) was reflected ventrally and sutured to the attachment of the cricothyroid ligament on the right side of the cricothyroid notch, creating an intact mucosal layer on the right side of the ventral larynx.
RESULTS: Both horses had good intralaryngeal wound healing with minimal redevelopment of ventral glottic stenosis at 5 and 9 months postoperatively and were successfully returned to racing with complete absence of abnormal respiratory noise.
CONCLUSION: The unique laryngeal anatomy of horses, with a cartilage-free ventral laryngeal area (cricothyroid notch), allowed the use of this novel surgical technique to successfully treat ventral glottic stenosis.

PMID: 27013024 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Mouthwash use and associated head and neck cancer risk.

Mouthwash use and associated head and neck cancer risk.

Evid Based Dent. 2016 Mar;17(1):8-9

Authors: Wilson G, Conway DI

Abstract
Data sourcesAll studies with questionnaire items on mouthwash use in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium (INHANCE).Data extraction and synthesisPooled analysis data from case controlled studies using Individual Patient Data (IPD) meta-analysis methods. Logistic regression was used to assess the association of mouthwash use with cancers of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx, adjusting for study, age, sex, pack-years of tobacco smoking, number of alcoholic drinks/day and education.ResultsEight thousand, nine hundred and eighty-one cases of head and neck cancer and 10,090 controls from 12 case-control studies with comparable information on mouthwash use were included in the analysis. Compared with never users of mouthwash, the odds ratio (OR) of all head and neck cancers was 1.01 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.94-1.08] for ever users, based on 12 studies. The corresponding ORs of cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx were 1.11 (95% CI: 1.00-1.23) and 1.28 (95% CI: 1.06-1.56), respectively.ConclusionsAlthough limited by the retrospective nature of the study and the limited ability to assess risks of mouthwash use in nonusers of tobacco and alcohol, this large investigation shows potential risks for head and neck cancer subsites and in long-term and frequent users of mouthwash.

PMID: 27012566 [PubMed - in process]

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[Safety and efficacy of surgical closure of the larynx for recurrent aspiration pneumonia in persons with severe motor and intellectual disabilities: a comparative study with tracheoesophageal diversion].

[Safety and efficacy of surgical closure of the larynx for recurrent aspiration pneumonia in persons with severe motor and intellectual disabilities: a comparative study with tracheoesophageal diversion].

No To Hattatsu. 2016 Jan;48(1):20-4

Authors: Oshima S, Ochiai Y, Ariga M, Hayakawa M, Kanno M, Takeuchi C, Saigusa H, Imai M, Hamano S

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We retrospectively investigated the efficacy and complications of surgical closure of the larynx (SCL) for recurrent aspiration pneumonia in comparison with tracheoesophageal diversion.
METHODS: The subjects were persons with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) who had undergone surgery for recurrent aspiration pneumonia between 1994 and 2011: A 8 SCL patients group and a 16 tracheoesophageal diversion patients group. We investigated two groups the lower respiratory infection incidence, length of hospital stay for the surgery, postoperative complications, and rate of cannula withdrawal, by reviewing medical records.
RESULTS: Both the SCL and the tracheoesophageal diversion group showed a reduction in the incidence of infection after surgery, indicating that the efficacy of SCL was equivalent to that of tracheoesophageal diversion in preventing aspiration pneumonea. The SCL group showed a reduction in the length of hospital stay and an increased rate of cannula withdrawal as compared with the tracheoesophageal diversion group.
CONCLUSION: The efficacy of SCL was equivalent to that of tracheoesophageal diversion in preventing aspiration for SMID. We consider SLC to have potential for reducing the burden on patients.

PMID: 27012105 [PubMed - in process]

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Spinal Cord Lesion by Minor Trauma as an Early Sign of Multiple System Atrophy.

Spinal Cord Lesion by Minor Trauma as an Early Sign of Multiple System Atrophy.

Front Neurol. 2016;7:33

Authors: Brum M, Reimão S, Sousa D, de Carvalho R, Ferreira JJ

Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is characterized clinically by parkinsonism, cerebellar, autonomic, and corticospinal features of variable severity. When the presentation is only parkinsonism, the disease might be difficult to differentiate from Parkinson's disease (PD). We present a case of an 80-year-old man with previous diagnosis of PD. One year after the diagnosis, he had a whiplash cervical trauma due to a tricycle accident caused by a hole in the road. This low-energy trauma caused an unstable C4-C5 cervical fracture with spinal cord injury, which required surgical decompression and stabilization. Neurological examination showed marked postural instability, no rest and postural tremor, finger tapping slowed on the right, spastic tetraparesis (ASIA D) - predominantly on the left side, brisk deep tendon reflexes in the upper and lower extremities, and bilateral extensor plantar response. He also presented with vertical gaze restriction, mild hypometria in horizontal saccades, moderate dysphagia, and dysphonia. As atypical parkinsonism was suspected, he underwent an MRI that revealed conjunction of findings suggestive of parkinsonian-type MSA. In our case, we hypothesize that the loss of postural reflexes, as an early manifestation of MSA, did not allow the patient to have an effective reaction response to a low-energy trauma, resulting in a more severe injury. With this case report, we speculate that the severe spinal lesions caused by minor accidents can be an early sign of postural instability, which may lead to clinical suspicion of neurodegenerative disorder manifested by postural reflexes impairment.

PMID: 27014185 [PubMed]

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Laryngocele: an unusual presentation.

Related Articles

Laryngocele: an unusual presentation.

Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2015 Jun;132(3):177-8

Authors: Oukessou Y, Abada RL, Roubal M, Mahtar M

PMID: 25846117 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Auto-fluorescence as indicator for detecting the surgical margins of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws.

Auto-fluorescence as indicator for detecting the surgical margins of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws.

Minerva Stomatol. 2016 Mar 24;

Authors: Giovannacci I, Meleti M, Manfredi M, Merigo E, Fornaini C, Bonanini M, Vescovi P

PMID: 27012287 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Determination of the cut-off score of an endoscopic scoring method to predict whether elderly patients with dysphagia can eat pureed diets.

Determination of the cut-off score of an endoscopic scoring method to predict whether elderly patients with dysphagia can eat pureed diets.

World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2016 Mar 25;8(6):288-94

Authors: Sakamoto T, Horiuchi A, Makino T, Kajiyama M, Tanaka N, Hyodo M

Abstract
AIM: To identify the cut-off value for predicting the ability of elderly patients with dysphagia to swallow pureed diets using a new endoscopy scoring method.
METHODS: Endoscopic swallowing evaluation of pureed diets were done in patients ≥ 65 years with dysphagia. The Hyodo-Komagane score for endoscopic swallowing evaluation is expressed as the sum (0-12) of four degrees (0-3) with four parameters: (1) salivary pooling in the vallecula and piriform sinuses; (2) the response of glottal closure reflex induced by touching the epiglottis with the endoscope; (3) the location of the bolus at the time of swallow onset assessed by "white-out" following swallowing of test jelly; and (4) pharyngeal clearance after swallowing of test jelly. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to retrospectively analyze the association between the total score and successful oral intake of pureed diets.
RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-eight patients were enrolled including 113 men (63%), mean age 83 years (range, 66-98). One hundred and twenty-six patients (71%) were able to eat pureed diets during the observation period (mean ± SD, 19 ± 14 d). In ROC analysis, the cut-off value of the score for eating the pureed diets was 7 (sensitivity = 0.98; specificity = 0.91).
CONCLUSION: The Hyodo-Komagane endoscopic score is useful to predict the ability to eat pureed diets in elderly patients with dysphagia.

PMID: 27014424 [PubMed]

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Letter to the Editor: Repair of skull base defects.

Letter to the Editor: Repair of skull base defects.

J Neurosurg. 2016 Mar 25;:1

Authors: Goel A

PMID: 27015397 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Surgical Technique: Endoscopic Endonasal Transphenoidal Resection of a Large Suprasellar Mixed Germ Cell Tumor.

Surgical Technique: Endoscopic Endonasal Transphenoidal Resection of a Large Suprasellar Mixed Germ Cell Tumor.

Cureus. 2016;8(2):e503

Authors: Ajayi O, Chakravarthy V, Hanna G, DeLos Reyes K

Abstract
The endoscopic endonasal transphenoidal approach has proven to be a very versatile surgical approach for the resection of small midline skull base tumors. This is due to its minimally invasive nature, the potentially fewer neurological complications, and lower morbidity in comparison to traditional craniotomies. This surgical approach has been less commonly utilized for large midline tumors such as suprasellar germ cell tumors, due to numerous reasons including the surgeon's comfort with the surgical approach, a higher chance of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, limited visualization due to arterial/venous bleeding, and limited working space. We present our surgical technique in the case of a large suprasellar and third ventricular mixed germ cell tumor that was resected via an endoscopic endonasal approach with favorable neurological outcome and no postoperative CSF leak.

PMID: 27014537 [PubMed]

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Multi atlas-based attenuation correction for brain FDG-PET imaging using a TOF-PET/MR scanner- comparison with clinical single atlas- and CT-based attenuation correction.

Multi atlas-based attenuation correction for brain FDG-PET imaging using a TOF-PET/MR scanner- comparison with clinical single atlas- and CT-based attenuation correction.

J Nucl Med. 2016 Mar 24;

Authors: Sekine T, Burgos N, Warnock G, Huellner MW, Buck A, Ter Voert EE, Cardoso MJ, Hutton BF, Ourselin S, Veit-Haibach P, Delso G

Abstract
To assess the feasibility of attenuation correction (AC) based on a multi atlas-based method (m-Atlas) by comparing it with a clinical AC method (single atlas-based method (s-Atlas)), on a time of flight (TOF)-PET/MRI system.
METHODS: We enrolled 12 patients. The median patient age was 62 years [range 31 to 80]. All patients underwent a clinically indicated whole-body(18)F-FDG-PET/CT (GE Healthcare Discovery 690 PET/CT) for staging, re-staging or follow-up of malignant disease. All patients volunteered for an additional PET/MR scan of the head (GE Healthcare SIGNA PET/MR) (no additional tracer being injected). For each patient, 3 AC maps were generated. Both s-Atlas and m-Atlas AC maps were generated from the same patient-specific LAVA-FLEX T1-weighted (T1w) images, being acquired by default on the PET/MR scanner during the first 18s of the PET scan. S-Atlas AC map was extracted by the PET/MR scanner, and m-Atlas AC map was created using a web service which automatically generates m-Atlas pseudo-CT images. For comparison, the CT-AC map generated by PET/CT was registered and used as gold standard. Using each AC map, PET images were reconstructed from raw data on the TOF-PET/MRI scanner. All PET images were normalized to the SPM5 PET template, and FDG accumulation was quantified in 67 volumes-of-interest (VOIs; automated anatomical labeling (AAL), atlas). Relative (%diff) and absolute differences (|%diff|) between images based on each atlas AC and CT AC were calculated. FDG uptake in all VOIs and generalized merged VOIs were compared using paired t-test and Bland-Altman test.
RESULTS: The range of error on m-Atlas in all 804 VOIs was -4.98% ~ 4.09%. |%diff| on m-Atlas was improved by about 30% compared to s-Atlas (s-Atlas vs. m-Atlas; 1.5±1.1% vs. 1.2 ± 0.9%,P< 0.01). In generalized VOIs, %diff on m-Atlas in the temporal lobe and cerebellum were significantly smaller (s-Atlas vs. m-Atlas; temporal lobe, 1.31±1.38% vs. -0.38±1.46%,P< 0.01; cerebellum, 1.46±2.12% vs. -1.07±1.87%,P< 0.01) CONCLUSION: The errors introduced using m-Atlas did not exceed 5 % in any brain region investigated. When compared to the clinical s-Atlas, m-Atlas is more accurate especially in regions close to the skull base.

PMID: 27013697 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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[Endoscopic endonasal surgery for sellar region pathology. An analysis of our first 200 patients. What we have learned].

[Endoscopic endonasal surgery for sellar region pathology. An analysis of our first 200 patients. What we have learned].

Neurocirugia (Astur). 2016 Mar 21;

Authors: Reyes L, García S, Torales J, Halperín I, Alobid I, Hanzu F, Mora M, Valero R, Enseñat J

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Pituitary and sellar region tumours account for 10-15% of intracranial benign tumours, with pituitary adenoma being the most common one. In this article, a review is presented on 9 years of experience in surgical treatment using an endoscopic approach of sellar region lesions. The main features of our surgical technique will be explained, as well as the results in clinical and hormonal terms.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 200 patients operated on due to sellar lesions by the same neurosurgeon (J.E.) using an endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach between February 2006 and February 2015. The cases excluded were, those requiring extended approaches of the skull base, as well as craniopharyngiomas, inflammatory, metastatic, or malignant lesions.
RESULTS: Of the 200 patients treated (59.5% women, mean age of 51.7 years, range: 18-82 years old), there were: 7 Rathke cysts and 193 adenomas (26 micro-adenomas and 165 macro-adenomas). All of them sub-classified according to the degree of invasion of the cavernous sinus (Knosp 0, 1, and 2: 129 cases and Knosp 3 and 4: 71 cases). Total resection was achieved in 143 patients (71.5%), subtotal resection in 39 (19.5%), and partial resection in 18 (9%). In the group of higher occupancy of the cavernous sinus (Knosp 3 and 4) complete resection was achieved in 55.5% (40 of 71 patients). Hormonal remission was achieved in 34 patients with acromegaly (85%), 23 patients with prolactinomas (76%), and 30 patients with Cushing's disease (86%).
CONCLUSION: The results obtained in our series, due to the centralisation of pathology and experience, are comparable to those achieved in pituitary surgery reference centres. Early surgical exploration of cerebrospinal fluid leaks reduces the risk of post-surgical meningitis.

PMID: 27012678 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Meningiomas: An Update on Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches.

Meningiomas: An Update on Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches.

Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2016 Apr;27(2):xiii

Authors: Zada G, Jensen RL

PMID: 27012390 [PubMed - in process]

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Endoscopic Endonasal and Keyhole Surgery for the Management of Skull Base Meningiomas.

Endoscopic Endonasal and Keyhole Surgery for the Management of Skull Base Meningiomas.

Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2016 Apr;27(2):207-14

Authors: Lucas JW, Zada G

Abstract
The resection of anterior skull base meningiomas has traditionally been performed via pterional or unilateral/bilateral subfrontal craniotomies. The supraorbital keyhole approach and the endoscopic endonasal approach, techniques in which the endoscope is used to aid visualization, were developed to provide alternative, less-invasive approaches to aid the resection of these tumors. The individual characteristics of each tumor, such as location and size, are the main determinants guiding the choice of approach. In this article, the advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed, along with complications specific to each technique. Furthermore, a detailed procedural description of each surgical approach is described.

PMID: 27012385 [PubMed - in process]

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Effects of language experience on the discrimination of the Portuguese palatal lateral by nonnative listeners.

Effects of language experience on the discrimination of the Portuguese palatal lateral by nonnative listeners.

Clin Linguist Phon. 2016 Mar 25;:1-15

Authors: Santos Oliveira D, M Casenhiser D, Hedrick M, Teixeira A, Bunta F

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate (1) whether manner or place takes precedence over the other during a phonological category discrimination task and (2) whether this pattern of precedence persists during the early stages of acquisition of the L2. In doing so, we investigated the Portuguese palatal lateral approximant /ʎ/ since it differs from English /l/ only by the place of articulation, and from English /j/ only by the manner of articulation. Our results indicate that monolinguals' perception of the non-native sound is dominated by manner while Portuguese learners show a different pattern of results. The results are interpreted as being consistent with evidence suggesting that manner may be neurophysiologically dominant over place of articulation. The study adds further details to the literature on the effects of experience on language acquisition, and has significant clinical implications for bilingualism in general, and foreign accent training, in particular.

PMID: 27015591 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Phonetic and phonological perspectives on the acquisition of voice onset time by French-speaking children.

Phonetic and phonological perspectives on the acquisition of voice onset time by French-speaking children.

Clin Linguist Phon. 2016 Mar 25;:1-15

Authors: A N MacLeod A

Abstract
The goal of the present article is to describe the acquisition of the phonetic details and phonological categories of stop consonants in French. To this end, the stop consonants produced by children aged 2-4 years were transcribed and acoustically analysed. Stop consonants provide an interesting window in phonetic and phonological development since they are among the first phonemes to be acquired in French (MacLeod, Sutton, Thordardottir & Trudeau, 2011), yet the mastery of the phonetic detail of these phonemes can be more drawn out (Allen, 1985). The results of the study indicate that these children are producing significant voicing contrasts between homorganic stops using voice onset time, but at the phonetic level their productions are not yet within adult ranges.

PMID: 27014796 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Metronidazole and tinnitus: A potential side effect?

Metronidazole and tinnitus: A potential side effect?

Br Dent J. 2016 Mar 25;220(6):289-91

Authors: O'Donnell KL, Barker D

Abstract
As a healthcare profession, dentists have a role in ensuring the safety of prescribed medicines by reporting adverse drug reactions using the Yellow Card Scheme. This article briefly describes a case where metronidazole, an antibiotic commonly prescribed by dentists, may have caused ototoxicity and explores the evidence around this. It also highlights the method for reporting such effects.

PMID: 27012341 [PubMed - in process]

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[Hashimoto's encephalopathy presenting with vertigo and muscle weakness in a male pediatric patient].

[Hashimoto's encephalopathy presenting with vertigo and muscle weakness in a male pediatric patient].

No To Hattatsu. 2016 Jan;48(1):45-7

Authors: Ueno H, Nishizato C, Shimazu T, Watanabe H, Mizukami T, Kosuge H, Ozasa S, Nomura K, Kimura S, Takahashi Y

Abstract
Hashimoto's encephalopathy is an anti-thyroid antibody-positive autoimmune encephalopathy. We herein report the case of a 13-year-old male patient with subacute vertigo, muscle weakness in the extremities and gait disturbance who was diagnosed with Hashimoto's encephalopathy. He showed no severe impairment of consciousness and no seizures, and there were no abnormalities on the brain MRI. However, epileptic spike and wave complexes were observed on an electroencephalogram, and a decline in blood flow was diffusely observed on brain SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography). His thyroid function was normal, but he was positive for anti-thyroid antibodies, such as anti-TPO (thyroid peroxidase) antibodies. He was also positive for serum anti-NAE (NH2-terminal alpha-enolase) antibodies. Systemic corticosteroid therapy and high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy were effective, greatly improving his quality of life.

PMID: 27012111 [PubMed - in process]

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