Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii; +16 new citations

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Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii

These pubmed results were generated on 2016/08/12

PubMed comprises more than 24 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

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Descending necrotizing mediastinitis complicating hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome.

Descending necrotizing mediastinitis complicating hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome.

Respirol Case Rep. 2016 Jul;4(4):e00165

Authors: Takanashi Y, Hayakawa T, Neyatani H, Funai K

Abstract
Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is a potentially lethal disease that originates from a deep neck infection (DNI); it is often associated with an immunocompromised state. Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES) is an extremely rare complex immune deficiency characterized by recurrent abscesses of staphylococcal etiology. A rare case of a 34-year-old woman wherein HIES putatively promoted the development of DNI into DNM is described. She presented with cervical purulent lymphadenitis and retropharyngeal abscess. Despite immediate cervical drainage and use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, she developed DNI and subsequently DNM. Mediastinal drainage with thoracotomy and subsequent deep neck drainage were performed. Bacterial culture of the abscess isolated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Although a postoperative recurrent deep neck abscess required a second surgery, we succeeded in conservative remission of recurrent mediastinal abscess with long-term use of anti-MRSA drugs. Sufficient drainage under thoracotomy and robust administration of postoperative antibiotics resulted in successful management of HIES-associated DNM.

PMID: 27512566 [PubMed]

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Protective effect of Rhei Rhizoma on reflux esophagitis in rats via Nrf2-mediated inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway.

Related Articles

Protective effect of Rhei Rhizoma on reflux esophagitis in rats via Nrf2-mediated inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway.

BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016;16:7

Authors: Kwon OJ, Choo BK, Lee JY, Kim MY, Shin SH, Seo BI, Seo YB, Rhee MH, Shin MR, Kim GN, Park CH, Roh SS

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Rhei Rhizoma has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine to treat various inflammatory diseases. The present study was conducted to evaluate its anti-inflammatory activity against experimental reflux-induced esophagitis (RE) in SD rats.
METHODS: Rhei Rhizoma was administered at 125 or 250 mg/kg body weight per day for 7 days prior to the induction of reflux esophagitis, and its effect was compared with RE control and normal rats.
RESULTS: Rhei Rhizoma administration markedly ameliorated mucosal damage on histological evaluation. The elevated reactive oxygen species in the esophageal tissue of RE control rats decreased with the administration of Rhei Rhizoma. RE control rats exhibited the down-regulation of antioxidant-related proteins, such as nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression levels, in the presence of esophagitis; however, the levels with Rhei Rhizoma treatment were significantly higher than those in RE control rats. Moreover, RE control rats exhibited the up-regulation of protein expressions related to oxidative stress in the presence of esophagitis, but Rhei Rhizoma administration significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory proteins through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-related signaling pathways. The protein expressions of inflammatory mediators and cytokines by nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation were modulated through blocking the phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (IκB)α.
CONCLUSION: Our findings support the therapeutic evidence for Rhei Rhizoma ameliorating the development of esophagitis via regulating inflammation through the activation of the antioxidant pathway.

PMID: 26748627 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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A systematic review on prevalence and risk factors associated with treatment- emergent central sleep apnea.

A systematic review on prevalence and risk factors associated with treatment- emergent central sleep apnea.

Ann Thorac Med. 2016 Jul-Sep;11(3):202-10

Authors: Nigam G, Pathak C, Riaz M

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Treatment-emergent central sleep apnea (TECSA) is the appearance of central apneas and hypopneas after significant resolution of the obstructive events has been attained using positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of TECSA and to understand what factors are associated with its development.
METHODS: PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochran Library databases were searched with Mesh headings to locate studies linking TECSA and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
RESULTS: Nine studies were identified that reported the prevalence of TECSA ranging from 5.0% to 20.3%. Prevalence of TECSA for studies using only full night titration was between 5.0% and 12.1% where as it was between 6.5% and 20.3% for studies using split-night polysomnogram. The mean effective continuous PAP (CPAP) setting varied between 7.5 cm and 15.2 cm of water for patients in TECSA group and between 7.4 cm and 13.6 cm of water for the group without TECSA.
CONCLUSIONS: The aggregate point prevalence of TECSA is about 8% with the estimated range varying from 5% to 20% in patients with untreated OSA. The prevalence tends to be higher for split-night studies compared to full night titration studies. TECSA can occur at any CPAP setting although extremely high CPAP settings could increase the likelihood. Male gender, higher baseline apnea-hypopnea index, and central apnea index at the time of diagnostic study could be associated with the development of TECSA at a subsequent titration study.

PMID: 27512510 [PubMed]

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Prognostic significance of extracapsular spread in isolated neck recurrences in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients.

Prognostic significance of extracapsular spread in isolated neck recurrences in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Aug 10;

Authors: León X, Rigó A, Farré N, López M, García J, de Juan J, Quer M

Abstract
Few studies have analyzed the appearance of extracapsular spread (ECS) in salvage neck dissections carried out after regional recurrence of the disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate the frequency of ECS in patients with an isolated regional recurrence treated with a salvage neck dissection, and to assess the influence of ECS on prognosis. We conducted a retrospective study of 123 patients treated with a salvage neck dissection. Eighty-two patients (66.7 %) had nodes with ECS. Five-year salvage-specific survival for patients without ECS was 77.2 %, whereas for patients with ECS it was 32.0 % (P = 0.0001). According to the results of a multivariate analysis, the presence of ECS in the salvage neck dissection was the only variable significantly related to the salvage-specific survival. Sixty-six percent of the patients with nodes with ECS had adjuvant treatment with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Five-year salvage-specific survival for patients with ECS who had not received adjuvant treatment (n = 26) was 15.2 %, whereas for patients treated with adjuvant radiotherapy (n = 39) or chemotherapy (n = 17), 5-year salvage-specific survival was 36.4 and 47.1 %, respectively. Patients with ECS could benefit from adjuvant treatment with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.

PMID: 27509897 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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The eardrum bridge of traumatic tympanic membrane perforation.

The eardrum bridge of traumatic tympanic membrane perforation.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Aug 10;

Authors: Lou ZC

PMID: 27509896 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for noncontiguous cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for noncontiguous cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

Indian J Orthop. 2016 Jul-Aug;50(4):390-6

Authors: Qizhi S, Peijia L, Lei S, Junsheng C, Jianmin L

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Noncontiguous cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a special degenerative disease because of the intermediate normal level or levels between supra and infraabnormal levels. Some controversy exists over the optimal procedure for two noncontiguous levels of CSM. The study was to evaluate the outcomes of the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with zero-profile devices for two noncontiguous levels of CSM.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 17 consecutive patients with two noncontiguous levels of CSM operated between December 2009 and August 2012 were included in the study. There were 12 men and 5 women with a mean age of 60.7 years (range 45-75 years). Involved disc levels were C3/4 and C5/6 in 11 patients and C4/5 and C6/7 in six patients. Preoperative plain radiographs, computed tomography (CT) with 3-D reconstruction and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine were taken in all patients. All radiographs were independently evaluated by 2 spine surgeons and 1 radiologist. The outcomes were assessed by the average operative time, blood loss, Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, improvement rate, neck dysfunction index (NDI), swallowing quality of life (SWAL-QOL) score, the cervical lordosis and complications.
RESULTS: The mean followup was 48.59 months (range 24-56 months). The average operative time and blood loss was 105.29 min and 136.47 ml, respectively. The preoperative JOA score was 8.35, which significantly increased to 13.7 at the final followup (P < 0.01). The NDI score was significantly decreased from preoperative 13.06 to postoperative 3.35 (P < 0.01). The operation also provided a significant increase in the cervical lordosis (P < 0.01) from preoperative 10.17° to postoperative 17.06°. The fusion rate was 94.1% at 6 months postoperatively, and 100% at 12 months after surgery. The mean SWAL-QOL score decreased from preoperative 68.06 to immediate postoperatively 65.65 and then increased to 67.65 at final followup. There was a statistically significant difference between preoperative and immediate postoperatively values (P < 0.05), but none between preoperative and at final followup (P > 0.05). Cerebrospinal fluid leak, dysphagia and radiological adjacent segment degeneration occurred in one patient, respectively.
CONCLUSION: The ACDF with zero-profile devices is generally effective and safe in treating two noncontiguous levels of CSM.

PMID: 27512221 [PubMed]

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Burden of cancer attributable to tobacco smoking in member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), 2012.

Burden of cancer attributable to tobacco smoking in member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), 2012.

Cancer Epidemiol. 2016 Aug 8;44:84-90

Authors: Kristina SA, Endarti D, Thavorncharoensap M

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cancer is an increasing problem in ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). Tobacco use is a well-established risk factor for many types of cancers. Evidence on burden of cancer attributable to tobacco is essential to raise public and political awareness of the negative effects of tobacco on cancer and to be used to stimulate political action aims at reducing smoking prevalence in ASEAN member countries. The objective of this study was to estimate burden of cancer attributable to tobacco smoking in ASEAN, 2012.
METHODS: In this study, smoking prevalence was combined with Relative Risks (RRs) of cancer to obtain Smoking Attributable Fractions (SAFs). Cancer incidence and mortality data among individuals aged 15 years and older were derived from GLOBOCAN 2012. Fourteen types of cancer were included in the analysis. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine the impact of the use of alternative RRs and the use of alternative prevalence of smoking in some countries.
RESULTS: The findings showed that tobacco smoking was responsible for 131,502 cancer incidence and 105,830 cancer mortality in ASEAN countries in 2012. In other words, tobacco smoking was accounted for 28.4% (43.3% in male and 8.5% in female) of cancer incidence and 30.5% (44.2% in male and 9.4% in female) of cancer mortality in ASEAN. When looking at the types of cancer, lung cancer showed the strongest association with tobacco smoking. Incidence of cancer and cancer mortality attributable to tobacco smoking varied by countries due to the differences in size of population, background risk of cancer, and prevalence of smoking in each country. According to the sensitivity analyses, RRs of lung cancer, pharynx cancer, and larynx cancer used in the estimates have significant impact on the estimates.
CONCLUSIONS: As about one-third of cancer incidence and mortality in ASEAN are attributable to tobacco smoking ASEAN member countries are strongly encouraged to put in place stronger tobacco control policies and to strengthen the existing tobacco control measure in order to effectively control cancer.

PMID: 27513722 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Patterns of failure after postoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy for locally advanced and recurrent head and neck cancer.

Patterns of failure after postoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy for locally advanced and recurrent head and neck cancer.

Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2016 Aug 10;

Authors: Ooishi M, Motegi A, Kawashima M, Arahira S, Zenda S, Nakamura N, Ariji T, Tokumaru S, Sakuraba M, Tahara M, Hayashi R, Akimoto T

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of postoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy for head and neck cancer by investigating the patterns of failure after this therapy.
METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed.
RESULTS: Between March 2006 and December 2013, 122 consecutive patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were treated by surgery followed by postoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy. In regard to the site of the primary tumor, 59 (48%) patients had cancer of the oral cavity, 31 (26%) patients had cancer of the hypopharynx, 14 (11%) patients had cancer of the oropharynx, 10 (8%) patients had cancer of the larynx and 8 (7%) patients had cancer of unknown primary. The median follow-up period of the surviving patients was 54 months (range, 25-115). Concurrent chemotherapy was administered in 76 patients (62%). The median prescribed radiation dose was 66 Gy. The 3-year overall survival, progression-free survival, distant metastasis free survival and loco-regional control rates were 59%, 48%, 52.4% and 71%, respectively. Of the 122 patients, 32 developed loco-regional recurrence as the initial recurrence, including in-field recurrence in 26 patients, marginal recurrence in five patients and out-field recurrence in seven patients. Of the five patients with marginal recurrence, four have had two or more surgeries before the intensity-modulated radiotherapy and three had oral cavity cancer. Severe adverse events were not frequent, occurring at a frequency of <5%, except for mucositis. No severe toxicities associated with the flap reconstruction were observed either.
CONCLUSION: Postoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy appears to be effective and feasible for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

PMID: 27511989 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Functional Organ Preservation in Larynx Cancer: A Continuing Debate.

Functional Organ Preservation in Larynx Cancer: A Continuing Debate.

J Oncol Pract. 2016 Aug;12(8):727-8

Authors: Dietz A

PMID: 27511720 [PubMed - in process]

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A Multidisciplinary Approach to Larynx Cancer: One Size Does Not Fit All.

A Multidisciplinary Approach to Larynx Cancer: One Size Does Not Fit All.

J Oncol Pract. 2016 Aug;12(8):725-6

Authors: Mowery YM, Salama JK

PMID: 27511719 [PubMed - in process]

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Multidisciplinary Care of Laryngeal Cancer.

Multidisciplinary Care of Laryngeal Cancer.

J Oncol Pract. 2016 Aug;12(8):717-24

Authors: Salvador-Coloma C, Cohen E

Abstract
Treatment of larynx cancer has changed dramatically over the past several years. Novel modalities of treatment have been introduced as organ preservation has been developed. In addition, new targeted therapies have appeared, and improvements in radiotherapeutic and surgical techniques have been introduced. Thus, a large variety of treatment options is increasing local control rates and overall survival; however, selecting the most appropriate treatment remains a challenging decision. This article focuses on the multidisciplinary care of early-stage and locally advanced larynx cancer and attempts to sum up different approaches. Moreover, it reviews state-of-the-art treatment in larynx preservation, which has been consolidated in recent years.

PMID: 27511718 [PubMed - in process]

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[Robot-assisted surgery in the head and neck region].

[Robot-assisted surgery in the head and neck region].

HNO. 2016 Aug 10;

Authors: Hoffmann TK, Friedrich DT, Schuler PJ

Abstract
Robot-assisted surgery (RAS) in the head and neck region is believed to have a large potential for the improvement of patient care. Several systems with a master-slave setup are already in routine clinical use, particularly for oncologic surgery. Although specific patient groups may benefit from RAS, there is a lack of randomized clinical studies validating the advantages of these new technological systems in comparison to the existing standard procedures. On the other hand, RAS in the head and neck region is being constantly developed. Currently, the main limitations are the technical miniaturization of the tools and the loss of haptic feedback, as well as the high costs for acquisition and maintenance without financial reimbursement. In any case, the current generation of head and neck surgeons will face the technical, scientific, and ethical challenges of RAS.

PMID: 27510228 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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[Preoperative auditory evaluation and postoperative follow-up in cochlear implantees : The role of objective measures].

[Preoperative auditory evaluation and postoperative follow-up in cochlear implantees : The role of objective measures].

HNO. 2016 Aug 10;

Authors: Shehata-Dieler W, Großmann W

Abstract
The primary diagnostic aim prior to cochlear implantation is establishment of a comprehensive and multidisciplinary diagnosis, in order to subsequently begin therapy as early as possible. Audiological evaluation prior to implantation employs a test battery-approach, including subjective and objective procedures. Objective measures show high reliability and therefore play a major role in the diagnosis of difficult-to-test subjects such as infants and young children. During postoperative follow-up, objective measures offer a valid method for analyzing the effects of different stimuli on the auditory system. Particularly in infants, children, and uncooperative patients, the results of these tests enable the speech processor settings to be optimized, the hearing benefit to be assessed, and treatment to be adapted accordingly. Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) offer an excellent test/retest and inter-/intrarater reliability and validity, and are the most commonly used method for objective hearing threshold estimation and evaluation of the functional integrity of the lower auditory pathway. The use of narrow-band stimuli allows frequency-specific threshold estimation; analysis of stationary auditory steady state potentials (ASSR) adds the advantages of automated objective detection. Electrocochleography and electrically evoked ABR give valuable information in special cases. The use of cortical potentials (CAEP) in response to speech stimuli is quite promising, although the high response variability currently limits this method's clinical application. An audiological test-battery approach combining the results of subjective and objective measures leads to significantly increased reliability of preoperative diagnosis and postoperative follow-up in cochlear implantees.

PMID: 27510227 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of epilepsy.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of epilepsy.

Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Aug 11;8:CD011025

Authors: Chen R, Spencer DC, Weston J, Nolan SJ

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Epilepsy is a highly prevalent neurological condition characterized by repeated unprovoked seizures with various etiologies. Although antiepileptic medications produce clinical improvement in most individuals, nearly a third of individuals have drug-resistant epilepsy that carries significant morbidity and mortality. There remains a need for non-invasive and more effective therapies for this population. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) uses electromagnetic coils to excite or inhibit neurons, with repetitive pulses at low-frequency producing an inhibitory effect that could conceivably reduce cortical excitability associated with epilepsy.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the evidence for the use of TMS in individuals with drug-resistant epilepsy compared with other available treatments in reducing seizure frequency, improving quality of life, reducing epileptiform discharges, antiepileptic medication use, and side-effects.
SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Epilepsy Group Specialized Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) via the Cochrane Register of Studies Online (CRSO), MEDLINE (Ovid 1946 to 10 March 2016), ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) up to March 2016. We also searched SCOPUS (1823 to June 2014) as a substitute for Embase (but it is no longer necessary to search SCOPUS, because randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs in EMBASE are now included in CENTRAL).
SELECTION CRITERIA: Eligible studies were RCTs that were double-blinded, single-blinded or unblinded, and placebo, no treatment, or active controlled, which used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) without restriction of frequency, duration, intensity, or setup (focal or vertex treatment) on patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. The search revealed 274 records from the databases, that after selection provided seven full-text relevant studies for inclusion. Of the seven studies included, five were completed studies with published data and included randomized, blinded trials. The total number of participants in the seven trials was 230.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted information from each trial including methodological data; participant demographics including baseline seizure frequency, type of epileptic drugs taken; intervention details and intervention groups for comparison; potential biases; and outcomes and time points, primarily change in seizure frequency or responder rates, as well as quality of life and epileptiform discharges, adverse effects, and changes in medication use.
MAIN RESULTS: Two of the seven studies analyzed showed a statistically significant reduction in seizure rate from baseline (72% and 78.9% reduction of seizures per week from the baseline rate, respectively). The other five studies showed no statistically significant difference in seizure frequency following rTMS treatment compared with controls. We were not able to combine the results of the trials in analysis due to differences in the designs of the studies. Four studies evaluated our secondary endpoint of mean number of epileptic discharges, and three of the four showed a statistically significant reduction in discharges. Quality of life was not assessed in any of the studies. Adverse effects were uncommon among the studies and typically involved headache, dizziness, and tinnitus. No significant changes in medication use were found in the trials.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Overall, we judged the quality of evidence for the primary outcomes of this review to be low. There is evidence that rTMS is safe and not associated with any adverse events, but given the variability in technique and outcome reporting that prevented meta-analysis, the evidence for efficacy of rTMS for seizure reduction is still lacking despite reasonable evidence that it is effective at reducing epileptiform discharges.

PMID: 27513825 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Prevalence of otologic signs and symptoms in adult patients with temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Prevalence of otologic signs and symptoms in adult patients with temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Clin Oral Investig. 2016 Aug 10;

Authors: Porto De Toledo I, Stefani FM, Porporatti AL, Mezzomo LA, Peres MA, Flores-Mir C, De Luca Canto G

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of otologic signs and symptoms in adult patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Search strategies were developed for each of the following databases: PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science, Proquest, LIVIVO, and Google Scholar and OpenGrey was used to assess the grey literature. It was included in this review only observational studies using either research diagnostic criteria (RDC)/TMD or DC/TMD indexes were selected. The Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data from the Joanna Briggs Institute was used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies. A proportion random effects meta-analysis was conducted within the eight included studies.
RESULTS: Eight studies met the eligibility criteria and were selected. All of the included studies used the RDC/TMD and report associated otologic signs and symptoms. The studies were clustered into groups based on prevalence for each individual sign or symptom. The most prevalent otologic symptom associated with TMD was ear fullness (74.8 % standard deviation (SD), 43.02 to 96.25 %; n = 50), followed by otalgia (55.1 % SD, 31.78 to 77.30; n = 386), tinnitus (52.1 % SD, 38.43 to 65.74; n = 1293), vertigo (40.8 % SD, 11.29 to 74.72; n = 374), and hearing loss (38.9 % SD, 2.83 to 85.46; n = 744).
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of otologic signs and symptoms in adult patients with TMD is high. The most prevalent otologic symptom in patient adults with TMD is ear fullness.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study intends to provide understanding over the prevalence of otologic signs and symptoms in TMD cases in adults.

PMID: 27511214 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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The Importance of Aging in Gray Matter Changes Within Tinnitus Patients Shown in Cortical Thickness, Surface Area and Volume.

The Importance of Aging in Gray Matter Changes Within Tinnitus Patients Shown in Cortical Thickness, Surface Area and Volume.

Brain Topogr. 2016 Aug 10;

Authors: Yoo HB, De Ridder D, Vanneste S

Abstract
Aging and sensorineural hearing loss are known to be involved in the development of chronic tinnitus. This study explores the structural changes of gray matter using surface base methods and focuses more specifically on changes in cortical thickness in 127 tinnitus patients. The linear relationships between cortical thickness and behavioral measures including aging, tinnitus loudness, tinnitus duration, tinnitus distress, and hearing loss were analyzed. Three dimensional T1-weighted MR images were acquired and cortical gray matter volumes were segmented using FreeSurfer on Talairach space. The results showed that cortical thickness and volume are negatively correlated to age in widespread regions of frontal cortices, and positively to bilateral entorhinal cortex and left rostral anterior cingulate cortex. The cortical thickness changes related to hearing loss overlap with those related to normal aging. The gray matter volumes of bilateral amygdalae, hippocampi, nuclei accumbens, and thalami are all significantly negatively correlated to age. Tinnitus-related distress level and subjective loudness were negatively correlated only to the thalamic volume. The results suggest that the primary factor of long-term structural changes in chronic tinnitus patients is age and age related hearing loss, rather than hearing loss per se. Tinnitus related factors such as subjective tinnitus loudness, tinnitus duration, and the level of chronic tinnitus related distress were not correlated to important morphometric changes in this study.

PMID: 27509900 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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[Effects of electrical stimulation at acupoints in the distribution area of auricular vagus nerve combined with sound masking method on auditory brainstem response and neurotransmitters of inferior colliculus in rats of tinnitus].

[Effects of electrical stimulation at acupoints in the distribution area of auricular vagus nerve combined with sound masking method on auditory brainstem response and neurotransmitters of inferior colliculus in rats of tinnitus].

Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 2016 May;36(5):517-22

Authors: Yang S, Mei Z, Tan L, Ma W, Zhang D, Wang Z, Li T, Huang K, Cai S

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of electrical stimulation at acupoints in the distribution area of auricular vagus nerve combined with sound masking on auditory brainstem response (ABR) and contents of neurotransmitters of γ-aminobutyric acid (γ-GABA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and acetyl choline (Ach) in inferior colliculus of tinnitus rats.
METHODS: Twenty-four male adult SD rats were randomized into a control group, a model group, a 7-d treatment group and a 15-d treatment group. Except the control group, rats in the remaining groups were treated with intraperitoneal injection of 10% salicylate sodium at a dose of 350 mg/kg to establish tinnitus model. Rats in the control group were treated with injection of 0.9% NaCl. Rats in the 7-d treatment group and 15-d treatment group were treated with electrical stimulation at "Shenmen (TF₄)" and "Yidan (CO₁₁)" in the distribution area of auricular vagus nerve combined with sound masking, once a day, for 7 days and 15 days. The SigGenRP software of TDT system was applied to provide voice for single ear and collect the signal, and the voice threshold of ABR was tested. The levels of γ-GABA, 5-HT and Ach in inferior colliculus of rats were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared.
RESULTS: Compared with the model group, the threshold values of ABR in 12 kHz and 16 kHz voice stimulation in the 7-d treatment group were significantly lower all P < 0.05); the threshold values of ABR from 4 kHz to 28 kHz voice stimulation in the 15-d treatment group were signally reduced (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), which was more significant than those in the 7-d treatment group. The level of γ-GABA in the model group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and that in the 15-d treatment group was apparently higher than that in the model group (P < 0.05). The level of 5-HT in the model group was markedly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and that in the 7-d treatment group was lower than that in the model group (P < 0.05), while that in the 15-d treatment group was apparently higher than that in the model group (P < 0.05). The level of Ach in the model group was obviously; lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and that in the 7-d treatment group was higher than that in the model group (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Electrical stimulation at auricular vagus nerve combined with sound masking) could regulate the threshold of ABR, especially in the 15-d treatment group. This may be ascribed to modulating the levels of neurotransmitter of γ-GABA, 5-HT and Ach in inferior colliculus.

PMID: 27509615 [PubMed - in process]

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Morphology, topography and clinical signi cance of the jugular foramen.

Morphology, topography and clinical signi cance of the jugular foramen.

Folia Med Cracov. 2016;56(1):71-80

Authors: Skrzat J, Mróz I, Spulber A, Walocha J

Abstract
The paper describes morphological variants of the jugular foramen of the human skull and discusses the reasons for its frequent asymmetry. Bilateral disproportions between the anteroposterior and mediolateral diameters of the jugular foramina were analyzed. We established that the jugular foramen is extremely narrow when its anteroposterior diameter is less than 5.0 mm. When the mediolateral diameter exceeds 20.0 mm, then the foramen exhibits extreme widening.

PMID: 27513840 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Le Fort I Disassembly for the Management of Juvenile Ossifying Fibroma Extending To the Skull Base.

Le Fort I Disassembly for the Management of Juvenile Ossifying Fibroma Extending To the Skull Base.

J Craniofac Surg. 2016 Aug 10;

Authors: Ganesh P, Raut RP, Boyina KK, Shetty S, Salins PC

Abstract
Ossifying fibroma is a rare benign osteogenic neoplasm arising from undifferentiated cells of the periodontal ligament. Ossifying fibroma have a well-defined border that differentiates it from fibrous dysplasia clinically; these tumors manifest as a round or ovoid, expansile, painless, slow-growing mass may displace the roots of adjacent teeth and also cause root resorption. A variety of approaches for resection of the maxilla have been described. Most involve the use of facial and lip-splitting incisions to gain wide access. Surgical approach specifically to the ossifying fibroma located in the midface includes the Le Fort I approach, Caldwell-Luc access, lateral rhinotomy with medial or total maxillectomy, external ethmoidectomy, and endoscopic surgery. The access through Le Fort I disassembly is a versatile approach not only because of the aesthetic potential in using intraoral incision but also due to its minimal invasiveness, lesser complications and gives the possibility of reconstruction in a single operation. Le Fort I disassembly followed by an excision appears to be a versatile, secure, and satisfactory option.

PMID: 27513775 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Surgical management of petrous apex cholesterol granulomas by an infralabyrinthine approach: Our experience with fourteen cases.

Surgical management of petrous apex cholesterol granulomas by an infralabyrinthine approach: Our experience with fourteen cases.

Clin Otolaryngol. 2016 Aug 11;

Authors: Russo FY, De Seta D, Mosnier I, Sterkers O, Bernardeschi D

Abstract
Cholesterol granulomas represent 40% of benign lesions developed within the petrous apex.(1) Most of them are asymptomatic and do not require any treatment.(2) When they involve adjacent structures such as the inner ear, the internal auditory meatus, the cranial nerves, or when they are painful, surgical management is required although this is challenging because of the position of the lesion, and the high rate of recurrence. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID: 27513703 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Descending Projections from the Inferior Colliculus to the Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus are Excitatory.

Descending Projections from the Inferior Colliculus to the Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus are Excitatory.

J Comp Neurol. 2016 Aug 11;

Authors: Milinkeviciute G, Muniak MA, Ryugo DK

Abstract
Ascending projections of the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) primarily target the contralateral inferior colliculus (IC). In turn, the IC sends bilateral descending projections back to the DCN. We sought to determine the nature of these descending axons in order to infer circuit mechanisms of signal processing at one of the earliest stages of the central auditory pathway. An anterograde tracer was injected in the IC of CBA/Ca mice to reveal terminal characteristics of the descending axons. Retrograde tracer deposits were made in the DCN of CBA/Ca and transgenic GAD67-EGFP mice to investigate the cells giving rise to these projections. A multiunit best frequency was determined for each injection site. Brains were processed using standard histologic methods for visualization and examined by fluorescent, brightfield, and electron microscopy. Descending projections from the IC were inferred to be excitatory because the cell bodies of retrogradely labeled neurons did not co-label with EGFP expression in neurons of GAD67-EGFP mice. Furthermore, additional experiments yielded no glycinergic or cholinergic positive cells in the IC, and descending projections to the DCN co-labeled with antibodies against VGluT2, a glutamate transporter. Anterogradely labeled endings in the DCN formed asymmetric postsynaptic densities, a feature of excitatory neurotransmission. These descending projections to the DCN from the IC were topographic and suggest a feedback pathway that could underlie a frequency-specific enhancement of some acoustic signals and suppression of others. The involvement of this IC-DCN circuit is especially noteworthy when considering the gating of ascending signal streams for auditory processing. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID: 27513294 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Principles and Clinical Application of Dual-energy Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Cerebrovascular Disease.

Principles and Clinical Application of Dual-energy Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Cerebrovascular Disease.

J Clin Imaging Sci. 2016;6:27

Authors: Hsu CC, Kwan GN, Singh D, Pratap J, Watkins TW

Abstract
Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) simultaneously acquires images at two X-ray energy levels, at both high- and low-peak voltages (kVp). The material attenuation difference obtained from the two X-ray energies can be processed by software to analyze material decomposition and to create additional image datasets, namely, virtual noncontrast, virtual contrast also known as iodine overlay, and bone/calcium subtraction images. DECT has a vast array of clinical applications in imaging cerebrovascular diseases, which includes: (1) Identification of active extravasation of iodinated contrast in various types of intracranial hemorrhage; (2) differentiation between hemorrhagic transformation and iodine staining in acute ischemic stroke following diagnostic and/or therapeutic catheter angiography; (3) identification of culprit lesions in intra-axial hemorrhage; (4) calcium subtraction from atheromatous plaque for the assessment of plaque morphology and improved quantification of luminal stenosis; (5) bone subtraction to improve the depiction of vascular anatomy with more clarity, especially at the skull base; (6) metal artifact reduction utilizing virtual monoenergetic reconstructions for improved luminal assessment postaneurysm coiling or clipping. We discuss the physical principles of DECT and review the clinical applications of DECT for the evaluation of cerebrovascular diseases.

PMID: 27512615 [PubMed]

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[Biomechanics analysis of the impact of maxillofacial injury on skull base damage].

[Biomechanics analysis of the impact of maxillofacial injury on skull base damage].

Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2016 Aug 9;51(8):480-5

Authors: Wu P, Yang ZY, Liu Y, Li Y, Tan YH

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of maxillofacial injury on skull base.
METHODS: A three-dimensional(3D)finite-element model of cranio-maxillofacial bone was established by CT scan data. A lead cylinder in base diameter of 3 cm was designed as an impactor. There regions(upper right maxilla, left infraorbital margin and left zygomatic body)subjected to an impact at the speed of 8.6 m/s(about 30 km/h)was simulated. Thirteen landmarks at the skull base were selected. The values of stress at the end of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 ms were obtained, and the results were analyzed.
RESULTS: The dynamic process of the fracture of the jaw and the stress distribution and conduction of the skull base were successfully simulated in three parts of the face. When the impact was on the right maxillary bone region, the stress values of the three points(medial foramen rotundum, medial foramen rotundum, anterior clivus reached the peak at each time point, 26.2, 22.4, 21.5 MPa(t=0.5 ms)and 70.0, 55.0, 45.0 MPa(t=1.0 ms)and 38.0, 26.5, 39.5 MPa(t=1.5 ms)and 26.0, 19.0, 23.0 MPa(t=2.0 ms), respectively. When the impact was on the left margo infraorbitalis orbitaeta region, the stress values of the two points(medial left foramen rotundum, posterior clivus)reached the peak at each time point, 8.8, 16.0 MPa(t=0.5 ms)and 10.0, 18.0 MPa(t=1.0 ms)and 5.5, 6.0 MPa(t=1.5 ms)and 11.5, 12.5 MPa(t=2.0 ms), respectively. When the impact was on the body of left zygomatic bone, the stress values of posterior clivus were 45.0 MPa(t=0.5 ms), 40.0 MPa(t=1.0 ms), 12.0 MPa(t=1.5 ms), 42.5 MPa(t= 2.0 ms), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: According to the difference of stress distribution and conduction of maxillofacial and skull base bone, the speed and the path of force transfer to the skull base were different. Finite-element dynamic simulation can be used for the biomechanics research on maxillofacial trauma.

PMID: 27511039 [PubMed - in process]

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[Accuracy and reliability of three-dimensional craniofacial cone-beam CT superimposition method based on voxel registration].

[Accuracy and reliability of three-dimensional craniofacial cone-beam CT superimposition method based on voxel registration].

Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2016 Aug 9;51(8):475-9

Authors: Zhou GH, Chen L, Sun YY, Ge N, Su L, Bai YX

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To set up a three-dimensional(3D)craniofacial cone-beam CT(CBCT)superimposition method based on voxel registration, and evaluate the accuracy and reliability of different reference superimposition areas.
METHODS: CBCT scans were taken on a dry skull for three times with a time-interval of two weeks, and CBCT scans were taken on ten adult volunteers twice with a time-interval of one month. The 3D superimposition based on voxel registration was set up by means of Analyze 12.0. The bilateral-zygomatic bone and anterior cranial base were selected as different reference areas for voxel overlapping. The 3D overlapping images were output into Geomagic Qualify 2013, and the surface distances on different craniofacial regions were measured. Three operators repeated three times of these superimposition and measurement. SPSS 19.0 were used to analyze the accuracy and reliability.
RESULTS: When bilateral-zygomatic bone used as superimposition reference, the mean surface distance range of dry skull were from 0.035 to 0.064 mm, and volunteers from 0.099 to 0.182 mm. When the anterior cranial base used as superimposition reference, the mean surface distance range of dry skull were from 0.038 to 0.071 mm, and volunteers from 0.127 to 0.218 mm. All these mean values were less than the CBCT voxel size 0.25 mm(P<0.05), and got sub-pixel precision. No significant difference was found between the different operators at different times(P>0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: This study showed the high accuracy and reliability of 3D CBCT superimposition based on voxel registration, either the anterior cranial base or the bilateral-zygomatic bone as reference. This method could be used for evaluating 3D craniofacial treatment effects.

PMID: 27511038 [PubMed - in process]

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Pterional and Unifrontal Approach for the Microsurgical Resection of Olfactory Groove Meningiomas: Experience with a Series of 61 Consecutive Patients.

Related Articles

Pterional and Unifrontal Approach for the Microsurgical Resection of Olfactory Groove Meningiomas: Experience with a Series of 61 Consecutive Patients.

Turk Neurosurg. 2016 May 25;

Authors: Güdük M, Yener U, Sun Hİ, Hacihanefioğlu M, Özduman K, Pamir MN

Abstract
AIM: Olfactory groove meningiomas make 4 to 13% of meningiomas. The first line treatment of meningiomas is surgery but the extent and types of approaches advised for olfactory groove meningiomas are diverse, and include from aggressive skull base approaches to standard or minimally invasive craniotomies and endoscopic approaches. We retrospectively reviewed our series of olfactory groove meningiomas which were operated microsurgically by standard pterional or unifrontal approaches.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Our series of 61 olfactory groove meningioma patients operated through pterional or unifrontal approaches between March 1987 and September 2015 is reviewed and the clinical data, radiological findings, surgical treatment and clinical outcomes of the patients are retrospectively analyzed.
RESULTS: Sixty-three craniotomies were performed in total. Pterional and unifrontal approach were used in 38 (60.3%) and 25 (39.7%) surgical procedures, respectively. Overall, gross total tumor resection was achieved in 59 (93.7%) cases. Complications were seen in 8 cases, 2 of these patients underwent reoperation. Three of the 4 patients whom subtotal resection could be achieved underwent gamma knife radiosurgery.
CONCLUSION: Pterional and unifrontal approaches which are familiar and standard for neurosurgeons can accomplish high rates of total resection with acceptable complication and recurrence rates for the treatment of olfactory groove meningiomas.

PMID: 27509463 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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