Effects of tongue pressing effortful swallow in older healthy individuals.

Effects of tongue pressing effortful swallow in older healthy individuals.

Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2016 Jun 3;66:127-133

Authors: Park T, Kim Y

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The risk of swallowing disorders is increased for older individuals due to weak tongue and pharyngeal muscle strength. This study was appraised the value of a preventative approach by developing the tongue pressing effortful swallow (TPES) applied using a home-based and self-administered procedure. The TPES was developed by combining two swallowing exercises: tongue strengthening exercise and the effortful swallow. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the TPES on maximum tongue pressure and peak amplitude of submental muscle activity in older individuals.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: 27 older individuals (mean 73 years) performed a 4-week TPES. The exercise program was adapted to a home-based and self-administered procedure. The maximum tongue pressure was measured by the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument and peak amplitude of submental muscle activity by surface electromyography (sEMG). Statistical comparisons were made by a matched pairs t-test (p<0.05).
RESULTS: The results of this study showed that the TPES had statistically significant and positive effects on increasing maximum tongue pressure, but the peak amplitude of the submental sEMG did not differ between before and after exercises.
CONCLUSIONS: The TPES had a positive impact in older individuals. The TPES, a combining exercise, was possible because two exercises had common physiological events. The TPES was a more innovative and efficient approach than the tongue strengthening exercise alone. In addition, older individuals were able to perform the swallowing exercise at home and by themselves with little assistance. Future research needs to refine the TPES and apply it to patients with dysphagia.

PMID: 27318884 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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[Therapeutic evaluation of the correction of the severe bi-maxillary protrusion cases by Tweed-Merrifield technique].

[Therapeutic evaluation of the correction of the severe bi-maxillary protrusion cases by Tweed-Merrifield technique].

Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao. 2016 Jun 18;48(3):555-561

Authors: Huang JQ, Liu SY, Jiang JH

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of Tweed-Merrifield technique in correction of severe bimaxillary protrusion adult patients on the measurement of the dental and skeletal changes after orthodontic treatment by Johnston analysis and the regular cephalomatric analysis.
METHODS: Twelve adolescent patients with severe bimaxillary protrusion were included in this self-control retrospective study. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken before and after treatments. All the radiographs were traced and analyzed by the method of Johnston analysis. Other measurements were evaluated using a series of 13 linear and angular measurements including SNA, SNB, ANB, U1-SN, U1-NA, U1/NA, L1-NB, U1/NB, L1/MP, U1-L1, (U1+L1)/2-AB, MP/SN and MP/FH from regular cephalomatric analysis. These measurements were also applied to compare the differences between pre- and post-treatments, which clarify the dental and skeletal changes by Johnston analysis. The effect of orthodontic correction was determined using the non-parameters test.
RESULTS: The maxillary moved backforward by 1.3 mm according to the stable skull base, while the mandible moved forward by 2.12 mm. The relative position between the maxillary and mandible (ABCH) changed 3.42 mm. The upper and lower incisors retracted significantly. The upper and lower molars moved slightly forward and the relative positions of upper and lower molars and anterior teeth after treatment were 3.44 mm and 4.23 mm respectively. After treatment, the parameters of ANB, U1-NA, U1/NA, U1-SN, L1-NB, L1/NB and L1-M were reduced by -(1.98±1.55)°(P=0.012), - (5.08±4.6) mm (P=0.002), -(11.79±1.21)°(P=0.004), -(13.55±6.32)°(P=0.047), -(3.17±3.07) mm (P=0.010), -(6.84±2.55)°(P=0.038) and -(4.13±2.24)°(P=0.048) on average, whose changes had the statistically significant effects.
CONCLUSION: Tweed-Merrifield technique (directional force technique) can stabilize anchorage molar, retract anterior teeth and significantly improve the hard and soft tissue profile for patients with bimaxillary protrusion, and make a good vertical control which means this technique is applicable to the patients who need strong anchorage. Even for the severe bimaxillary protrusion adult patients, the Tweed-Merrifield technique can control the anchoragewell and make the profiles improved greatly.

PMID: 27318924 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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A Rare Case of Basioccipital Encephalomeningocele with Tethered Dermoid Presenting as Cranial Nerve Palsy: A Case Report.

A Rare Case of Basioccipital Encephalomeningocele with Tethered Dermoid Presenting as Cranial Nerve Palsy: A Case Report.

Pediatr Neurosurg. 2016 Jun 18;

Authors: Jaganmohan D, Krishnan N, Ananthakrishnan R, Gopalakrishna Pillai G

Abstract
The basioccipital skull base is an extremely rare site for meningoencephalocele. The herniation of the brainstem or part of it through a basioccipital defect is even rarer. We report a case of rhombencephalomeningocele associated with a tethered dermoid. An extensive literature search revealed no such case report of basioccipital cranial dysraphism so far presenting with cranial nerve palsy.

PMID: 27318872 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Prognostic aspects in the treatment of juvenile nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a systematic review.

Prognostic aspects in the treatment of juvenile nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a systematic review.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Jun 18;

Authors: Gioacchini FM, Tulli M, Kaleci S, Magliulo G, Re M

Abstract
To systematically review and discuss the published data about treatments and outcomes for children and adolescents affected by nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In April 2015, an appropriate string was run on PubMed to retrieve all relevant articles. A cross-check was performed by two of the authors on abstracts and full-text articles found using the selected inclusion and exclusion criteria. A meta-analysis concerning the rate of reported disease-free survival and overall survival was performed. Fifteen studies were identified comprising a total of 865 subjects affected by nasopharyngeal carcinoma. According to the American Joint Committee for Cancer Staging system, the majority of tumors were classified as Stage IV (57.3 %). All included patients underwent radiotherapy, while 687 (79.4 %) received also some regimen of chemotherapy. On the basis of our statistical analysis, the mean (95 % CI) rate of disease-free survival was 66 % (95 % CI 56-76). The mean (95 % CI) rate of the overall survival resulted 68 % (95 % CI 58-78). On the basis of our analysis, it may be affirmed that the prognosis of juvenile nasopharyngeal carcinoma is still unsatisfactory. New reports on homogeneous populations are needed to better define the most influencing prognostic factors and to evaluate the introduction of possible alternative therapeutic protocols.

PMID: 27318701 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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The role of peroxiredoxin I in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.

The role of peroxiredoxin I in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.

Auris Nasus Larynx. 2016 Jun 15;

Authors: Le Q, Tabuchi K, Warabi E, Hara A

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Peroxiredoxin (Prx) is a new family of antioxidative proteins. Prx I is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and is important in the defense of tissues from increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS). The present study was designed to examine the expression of Prx subtypes in the mouse cochlea and to show the possible involvement of Prx I in protecting the cochlea against cisplatin ototoxicity.
METHODS: Postnatal-day-3-to-5 wildtype mice and Prx I-deficient mice were used. Prx expression in the cochlea was assessed by real-time PCR assay. Prx I protein expression was examined by immunofluorescence staining. Cochlear explants were exposed to 2, 5, and 10-μM cisplatin for 48h, and the cochlear hair cell losses of the wildtype and Prx I-deficient mice were compared. In addition, the histologic features of the cochlear lateral wall were examined after cisplatin incubation.
RESULTS: mRNAs of all Prx subtypes were expressed in the mouse cochlea. Prx I was one of the abundant subtypes and was upregulated after 48-h exposure to 5-μM cisplatin. Immunofluorescence staining showed the ubiquitous expression of Prx I in the cochlea. No difference in cochlear hair cell loss induced by cisplatin was found between the wildtype mice and the Prx I-deficient mice. However, spiral ligament fibrocytes of Prx I-deficient mice were significantly sensitive to cisplatin at 20-μM or lower.
CONCLUSION: Prx I is important for protection of at least the spiral ligament fibrocytes of the cochlear lateral wall in cisplatin ototoxicity.

PMID: 27318370 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Estimation of the Dose of Radiation Received by Patient and Physician During a Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study.

Estimation of the Dose of Radiation Received by Patient and Physician During a Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study.

Dysphagia. 2016 Jun 18;

Authors: Morishima Y, Chida K, Watanabe H

Abstract
Videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) is considered the standard diagnostic imaging technique to investigate swallowing disorders and dysphagia. Few studies have been reported concerning the dose of radiation a patient receives and the scattering radiation dose received by a physician during VFSS. In this study, we investigated the dose of radiation (entrance skin dose, ESD) estimated to be received by a patient during VFSS using a human phantom (via a skin-dose monitor sensor placed on the neck of the human phantom). We also investigated the effective dose (ED) and dose equivalent (DE) received by a physician (wearing two personal dosimeters) during an actual patient procedure. One dosimeter (whole body) was worn under a lead apron at the chest, and the other (specially placed to measure doses received by the lens of the eye) outside the lead apron on the neck collar to monitor radiation doses in parts of the body not protected by the lead apron. The ESD for the patient was 7.8 mGy in 5 min. We estimated the average patient dose at 12.79 mGy per VFSS procedure. The physician ED and DE during VFSS were 0.9 mSv/year and 2.3 mSv/year, respectively. The dose of radiation received by the physician in this study was lower than regulatory dose limits. However, in accordance with the principle that radiation exposure should be as low as reasonably achievable, every effort should be made (e.g., wearing lead glasses) to reduce exposure doses.

PMID: 27318941 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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