Comparative analysis of force degradation of latex orthodontic elastics of 5/16'' diameter: an in vitro study.

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Comparative analysis of force degradation of latex orthodontic elastics of 5/16'' diameter: an in vitro study.

Minerva Stomatol. 2016 Oct;65(5):284-90

Authors: Seibt S, Salmoria I, Cericato GO, Paranhos LR, Rosario HD, El Haje O

Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to analyze six commercial brands of latex elastics regarding force degradation based on the time factor, in time intervals of 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours.
METHODS: The elastics were stretched by three times their diameter, measured, immersed in artificial saliva at 37° C, and stored in a glass container. Data obtained were described by mean parameters, standard deviation, degradation rate, and coefficient of variation and Tukey's post-hoc Test (P<0.05).
RESULTS: American Orthodontics™ was the brand closest to prescription (94.70%), and Uniden™ was the one with the lowest performance (73.60%). By analyzing the total force degradation rate at the end of the experiment, it is noted that elastics from the Orthometric™ brand presented the highest rate (20.24%).
CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the latex elastics studied suffer great intensity variation of initial force, and the higher variation rate occurs in the first 12 hours.

PMID: 27580653 [PubMed - in process]

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Functional evaluation in young patients undergoing orthopedical interceptive treatment.

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Functional evaluation in young patients undergoing orthopedical interceptive treatment.

Minerva Stomatol. 2016 Oct;65(5):276-83

Authors: Galbiati G, Maspero C, Giannini L, Tagliatesta C, Farronato G

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examining the activity of jaw muscles through electromyograph and electrognatograph in children with unilateral posterior cross-bite and functional lateral shift before and after rapid palatal expansion, and to find out a relationship between the results.
METHODS: The sample included 71 children (35 females and 36 males; range: 6-10 years) with unilateral posterior crossbite and functional mandibular lateral shift in mixed dentition. Superficial Electromiographic activity coming from the muscles areas (anterior temporalis and masseters) and electrognatographic exam were obtained before (T0) and after rapid palatal expansion (T1) and after a follow-up period of 6 months (T2).
RESULTS: A significant increase was found in the value of activity index between T0, T1 and T2 in all the analyzed muscles both in rest position and during the exercises of the different acquisitions, at the end of the active phase of the rapid palatal expansion.
CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation of EMG activity after rapid palatal expansion is important to confirm the adaptation of the neuromuscular system to the new occlusal condition. In this study, the muscular activity was increased after therapy producing important changes in muscular tone.

PMID: 27580652 [PubMed - in process]

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Effect of different mixing methods on the bacterial microleakage of calcium-enriched mixture cement.

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Effect of different mixing methods on the bacterial microleakage of calcium-enriched mixture cement.

Minerva Stomatol. 2016 Oct;65(5):269-75

Authors: Shahi S, Jeddi Khajeh S, Rahimi S, Yavari HR, Jafari F, Samiei M, Ghasemi N, Milani AS

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement is used in the field of endodontics. It is similar to mineral trioxide aggregate in its main ingredients. The present study investigated the effect of different mixing methods on the bacterial microleakage of CEM cement.
METHODS: A total of 55 human single-rooted human permanent teeth were decoronated so that 14-mm-long samples were obtained and obturated with AH26 sealer and gutta-percha using lateral condensation technique. Three millimeters of the root end were cut off and randomly divided into 3 groups of 15 each (3 mixing methods of amalgamator, ultrasonic and conventional) and 2 negative and positive control groups (each containing 5 samples). BHI (brain-heart infusion agar) suspension containing Enterococcus faecalis was used for bacterial leakage assessment. Statistical analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with censored data and log rank test. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.
RESULTS: The survival means for conventional, amalgamator and ultrasonic methods were 62.13±12.44, 68.87±12.79 and 77.53±12.52 days, respectively. The log rank test showed no significant differences between the groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of the present study it can be concluded that different mixing methods had no significant effect on the bacterial microleakage of CEM cement.

PMID: 27580651 [PubMed - in process]

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The use of a collagenated porcine cortical lamina in the reconstruction of alveolar ridge defects. A clinical and histological study.

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The use of a collagenated porcine cortical lamina in the reconstruction of alveolar ridge defects. A clinical and histological study.

Minerva Stomatol. 2016 Oct;65(5):257-68

Authors: Rossi R, Rancitelli D, Poli PP, Rasia Dal Polo M, Nannmark U, Maiorana C

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Alveolar ridge reconstruction by means of resorbable and non-resorbable membranes has been proposed to increase the hard tissue volume in deficient sites. The purpose of this study was therefore to clinically and histologically evaluate the use of collagenated porcine bone lamina in case of horizontal and vertical bone augmentation procedures in conjunction with particulate porcine xenograft.
METHODS: Overall, 8 partially edentulous patients (6 females and 2 males) with a mean age of 45 years requiring bone regeneration procedures to achieve a prosthetically driven implant placement were enrolled. All ridge defects were augmented using a xenogeneic cortical bone barrier in combination with particulate heterologous bone. Bone biopsies were collected during the re-entry procedure.
RESULTS: A total of 15 implants were placed both simultaneously or in a staged approach in the augmented sites. No complications occurred during the rehabilitation. Histologically, the bone lamina was widely vascularized and integrated with the surrounding soft tissues and the native bone. The presence of osteoclastic lacunae suggested an active remodeling of the particulate graft and a gradual substitution with the newly formed bone.
CONCLUSIONS: Alveolar reconstruction by means of the collagenated cortical lamina gave promising clinical and histological results. The rigidity and the slow resorption pattern allowed for the blood clot protection even in case of vertical defects, avoiding at the same time the re-entry surgery for its removal.

PMID: 27580650 [PubMed - in process]

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The Basophil Activation Test Is Safe and Useful for Confirming Drug-Induced Anaphylaxis.

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The Basophil Activation Test Is Safe and Useful for Confirming Drug-Induced Anaphylaxis.

Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2016 Nov;8(6):541-4

Authors: Kim SY, Kim JH, Jang YS, Choi JH, Park S, Hwang YI, Jang SH, Jung KS

Abstract
The basophil activation test (BAT) has been suggested as a complementary method for diagnosing drug allergies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of this test in patients with drug-induced anaphylaxis. In total, 19 patients, all of whom had a history of moderate to severe anaphylaxis, were enrolled. None of the causative drugs had available in vitro tests or reliable skin tests; these drugs included, among others, first and second-generation cephalosporins, H2 blockers, and muscle relaxants. The BAT yielded positive results in 57.9% of the cases, which was similar those results of skin prick and intradermal tests (42.1% and 57.9%, respectively). When basophils were double labelled with CD63 and CD203c, both of which are basophil activation markers, the positive rate was increased from 57.9% to 73.7%. Therefore, the results of this study confirm that the BAT is a quick, reliable, and safe diagnostic tool for patients with drug-induced anaphylaxis.

PMID: 27582406 [PubMed]

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A Multicenter Retrospective Case Study of Anaphylaxis Triggers by Age in Korean Children.

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A Multicenter Retrospective Case Study of Anaphylaxis Triggers by Age in Korean Children.

Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2016 Nov;8(6):535-40

Authors: Lee SY, Ahn K, Kim J, Jang GC, Min TK, Yang HJ, Pyun BY, Kwon JW, Sohn MH, Kim KW, Kim KE, Yu J, Hong SJ, Kwon JH, Kim SW, Song TW, Kim WK, Kim HY, Jeon YH, Lee YJ, Lee HR, Kim HY, Ahn Y, Yum HY, Suh DI, Kim HH, Kim JT, Kim JH, Park YM, Lee S, Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Diseases Food Allergy and Atopic Dermatitis Study Group

Abstract
PURPOSE: Although anaphylaxis is recognized as an important, life-threatening condition, data are limited regarding its triggers in different age groups. We aimed to identify anaphylaxis triggers by age in Korean children.
METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of medical records for children diagnosed with anaphylaxis between 2009 and 2013 in 23 secondary or tertiary hospitals in South Korea.
RESULTS: A total of 991 cases (mean age=5.89±5.24) were reported, with 63.9% involving patients younger than 6 years of age and 66% involving male children. Food was the most common anaphylaxis trigger (74.7%), followed by drugs and radiocontrast media (10.7%), idiopathic factors (9.2%), and exercise (3.6%). The most common food allergen was milk (28.4%), followed by egg white (13.6%), walnut (8.0%), wheat (7.2%), buckwheat (6.5%), and peanut (6.2%). Milk and seafood were the most common anaphylaxis triggers in young and older children, respectively. Drug-triggered anaphylaxis was observed more frequently with increasing age, with antibiotics (34.9%) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (17.9%) being the most common causes.
CONCLUSIONS: The most common anaphylaxis trigger in Korean children was food. Data on these triggers show that their relative frequency may vary by age.

PMID: 27582405 [PubMed]

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Burden of Respiratory Disease in Korea: An Observational Study on Allergic Rhinitis, Asthma, COPD, and Rhinosinusitis.

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Burden of Respiratory Disease in Korea: An Observational Study on Allergic Rhinitis, Asthma, COPD, and Rhinosinusitis.

Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2016 Nov;8(6):527-34

Authors: Yoo KH, Ahn HR, Park JK, Kim JW, Nam GH, Hong SK, Kim MJ, Ghoshal AG, Muttalif AR, Lin HC, Thanaviratananich S, Bagga S, Faruqi R, Sajjan S, Baidya S, Wang de Y, Cho SH

Abstract
PURPOSE: The Asia-Pacific Burden of Respiratory Diseases (APBORD) study is a cross-sectional, observational one which has used a standard protocol to examine the disease and economic burden of allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), and rhinosinusitis across the Asia-Pacific region. Here, we report on symptoms, healthcare resource use, work impairment, and associated costs in Korea.
METHODS: Consecutive participants aged ≥18 years with a primary diagnosis of asthma, AR, COPD, or rhinosinusitis were enrolled. Participants and their treating physician completed a survey detailing respiratory symptoms, healthcare resource use, and work productivity and activity impairment. Costs included direct medical cost and indirect cost associated with lost work productivity.
RESULTS: The study enrolled 999 patients. Patients were often diagnosed with multiple respiratory disorders (42.8%), with asthma/AR and AR/rhinosinusitis the most frequently diagnosed combinations. Cough or coughing up phlegm was the primary reason for the medical visit in patients with a primary diagnosis of asthma and COPD, whereas nasal symptoms (watery runny nose, blocked nose, and congestion) were the main reasons in those with AR and rhinosinusitis. The mean annual cost for patients with a respiratory disease was US$8,853 (SD 11,245) per patient. Lost productivity due to presenteeism was the biggest contributor to costs.
CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory disease has a significant impact on disease burden in Korea. Treatment strategies for preventing lost work productivity could greatly reduce the economic burden of respiratory disease.

PMID: 27582404 [PubMed]

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Plasma Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Children With Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria.

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Plasma Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Children With Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria.

Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2016 Nov;8(6):522-6

Authors: Dilek F, Ozceker D, Ozkaya E, Tamay Z, Yazici M, Kesgin S, Kocyigit A, Guler N

Abstract
PURPOSE: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a disease that is primarily seen in adults and is comparatively rare in children. Consequently, only a few studies have focused on the pathogenesis of the disease in children. This study investigated the possible role of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the pathogenesis of CSU in children.
METHODS: The study group was composed of 54 children with CSU; 34 healthy children comprised the control group. The demographic and clinical features of the study group were extensively evaluated, and laboratory assessments were also performed. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate levels of plasma MMP-9. Disease activity was quantified using the urticaria activity score (UAS).
RESULTS: The median value of plasma MMP-9 was 108.9 ng/mL (interquartile range, 93.3-124.1) in the CSU group and 87.8 ng/mL (69.4-103.0) in the control group. The difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (P<0.001). Also, MMP-9 levels showed a significant positive correlation with UAS (rho=0.57, P<0.001). Twenty-six percent of patients had positive autologous serum skin test (ASST) results. Neither UAS nor plasma MMP-9 levels were significantly different between ASST-positive and -negative patients (P>0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Plasma MMP-9 levels were elevated in children with CSU and were positively correlated with disease activity. MMP-9 may be both a good biomarker of disease activity and a potential therapeutic target in CSU.

PMID: 27582403 [PubMed]

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Emergency Department Visits for Asthma Exacerbation due to Weather Conditions and Air Pollution in Chuncheon, Korea: A Case-Crossover Analysis.

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Emergency Department Visits for Asthma Exacerbation due to Weather Conditions and Air Pollution in Chuncheon, Korea: A Case-Crossover Analysis.

Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2016 Nov;8(6):512-21

Authors: Kwon JW, Han YJ, Oh MK, Lee CY, Kim JY, Kim EJ, Kim H, Kim WJ

Abstract
PURPOSE: This retrospective study was conducted to estimate the effects of climate factors and air pollution on asthma exacerbations using a case-crossover analysis.
METHODS: Patients who visited the emergency department (ED) of 2 university hospitals in Chuncheon for asthma exacerbations from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2011, were enrolled. Daily average data for meteorological factors (temperature, daily temperature range, relative humidity, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, presence of rain, solar irradiation, and presence of fog) and the daily average levels of gaseous air pollutants (SO₂, NO₂, O₃, CO, and PM10) were obtained. A case-crossover analysis was performed using variables about the weather and air pollution at 1-week intervals between cases and controls before and after ED visits.
RESULTS: There were 660 ED visits by 583 patients with asthma exacerbations. Low relative humidity (lag 1 and 2) and high wind speed (lag 1, 2, and 3) were associated with ED visits for asthma. Fog (lag 2) showed protective effects against asthma exacerbations in Chuncheon (risk increase: -29.4% [95% CI=-46.3% to -7.2%], P=0.013). These relationships were stronger in patients ≤19 years old than in those >60 years old. High levels of ambient CO (lag 1, 2, and 3) and NO₂ (lag 2 and 3) were associated with decreased ED visits for asthma. However, there were no significant relationships among levels of ambient CO or NO₂ and asthma exacerbations after adjusting for wind speed and relative humidity.
CONCLUSIONS: High wind speed and low humidity were associated with an increased risk of asthma ED visits. Fog was associated with a decreased risk of asthma ED visits after controlling for seasonal variations in weather and air pollution.

PMID: 27582402 [PubMed]

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Clinical Significance of Component Allergens in Fagales Pollen-Sensitized Peanut Allergy in Korea.

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Clinical Significance of Component Allergens in Fagales Pollen-Sensitized Peanut Allergy in Korea.

Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2016 Nov;8(6):505-11

Authors: Park KH, Son YW, Lee SC, Jeong K, Sim da W, Park HJ, Lee S, Lee JH, Park JW

Abstract
PURPOSE: Clinical features of peanut allergy can range from localized to systemic reactions. Because peanut and birch pollen have cross-reactivity, peanut can lead to localized allergic reaction in Fagales pollen-sensitized oral allergy syndrome (OAS) patients without peanut sensitization per se. The purpose of this study was to discriminate true peanut food allergy from cross-reactive hypersensitivity in birch-sensitized peanut allergy.
METHODS: Birch-sensitized (n=81) and peanut anaphylaxis patients (n=12) were enrolled. Peanut-related allergic reactions and sensitization profiles were examined. Specific IgE to Fagales tree pollens (birch, oak), peanut, and their component allergens (Bet v 1, Bet v 2, Ara h 1, Ara h 2, Ara h 3, Ara h 8, and Ara h 9) were evaluated. Based on these specific IgEs and clinical features, the patients were classified into 4 groups: group 1 (Fagales pollen allergy without OAS), group 2 (Fagales pollen allergy with OAS), group 3 (OAS with peanut anaphylaxis), and group 4 (peanut anaphylaxis).
RESULTS: After peanut consumption, one-third of OAS patients experienced oral symptoms not associated with peanut sensitization. Ara h 1 or Ara h 2 was positive in peanut anaphylaxis patients, whereas Ara h 8 was positive in OAS patients. There were 4 patients with both peanut anaphylaxis and OAS (group 3). Both Ara h 2 and Ara h 8 were positive in these patients. Foods associated with OAS in Korea showed unique patterns compared to Westernized countries.
CONCLUSIONS: Ara h 2 and Ara h 8 may be important component allergens for discriminating peanut allergy.

PMID: 27582401 [PubMed]

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Factors Affecting Recovery Time of Pulmonary Function in Hospitalized Patients With Acute Asthma Exacerbations.

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Factors Affecting Recovery Time of Pulmonary Function in Hospitalized Patients With Acute Asthma Exacerbations.

Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2016 Nov;8(6):499-504

Authors: Kim HJ, Lee J, Kim JH, Park SY, Kwon HS, Kim TB, Moon HB, Cho YS

Abstract
PURPOSE: Prolonged recovery time of pulmonary function after an asthma exacerbation is a significant burden on asthmatics, and management of these patients needs to be improved. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors associated with a longer recovery time of pulmonary function among asthmatic patients hospitalized due to a severe asthma exacerbation.
METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 89 patients who were admitted for the management of acute asthma exacerbations. The recovery time of pulmonary function was defined as the time from the date each patient initially received treatment for asthma exacerbations to the date the patient reached his or her previous best FEV1% value. We investigated the influence of various clinical and laboratory factors on the recovery time.
RESULTS: The median recovery time of the patients was 1.7 weeks. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that using regular inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) before an acute exacerbation of asthma and concurrent with viral infection at admission were associated with the prolonged recovery time of pulmonary function.
CONCLUSIONS: The prolonged recovery time of pulmonary function after a severe asthma exacerbation was not shown to be directly associated with poor adherence to ICS. Therefore the results indicate that an unknown subtype of asthma may be associated with the prolonged recovery of pulmonary function time after an acute exacerbation of asthma despite regular ICS use. Further prospective studies to investigate factors affecting the recovery time of pulmonary function after an asthma exacerbation are warranted.

PMID: 27582400 [PubMed]

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Using Periostin as a Biomarker in the Treatment of Asthma.

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Using Periostin as a Biomarker in the Treatment of Asthma.

Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2016 Nov;8(6):491-8

Authors: Izuhara K, Ohta S, Ono J

Abstract
Periostin acts both as an extracellular matrix protein belonging to the fasciclin family and as a matricellular protein functioning in cell activation by binding to its receptors on the cell surface. It has been established that periostin is a downstream molecule of interleukin (IL)-13, a signature type 2 cytokine, and that periostin plays an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, including asthma. Based on these findings, much attention has been paid to periostin as a biomarker useful in the treatment of asthma. Periostin is a surrogate biomarker for type 2 immunity; it has been shown that serum periostin can predict the efficacy of anti-IL-13 antibodies (lebrikizumab) and anti-IgE antibodies (omalizumab), and that this usefulness can be potentially expanded to other type 2 antagonists. Moreover, it has been shown that periostin is not a simple surrogate biomarker for type 2 immunity; periostin-high asthma patients have several unique characteristics, including eosinophilia, high fraction of nitric oxide, aspirin intolerance, nasal disorders, and late onset. These characteristics are likely to be correlated with the involvement of periostin in the tissue remodeling of asthma. Periostin is also associated with hyporesponsiveness to inhaled corticosteroids, probably reflecting tissue remodeling. Thus, periostin has 2 characteristics as a biomarker for early diagnosis of asthma: surrogate biomarkers for type 2 immunity and tissue remodeling. Based on these characteristics, we will be able to apply serum periostin to treatment of asthma.

PMID: 27582399 [PubMed]

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Eicosanoid Mediators in the Airway Inflammation of Asthmatic Patients: What is New?

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Eicosanoid Mediators in the Airway Inflammation of Asthmatic Patients: What is New?

Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2016 Nov;8(6):481-90

Authors: Sanak M

Abstract
Lipid mediators contribute to inflammation providing both pro-inflammatory signals and terminating the inflammatory process by activation of macrophages. Among the most significant biologically lipid mediators, these are produced by free-radical or enzymatic oxygenation of arachidonic acid named "eicosanoids". There were some novel eicosanoids identified within the last decade, and many of them are measurable in clinical samples by affordable chromatography-mass spectrometry equipment or sensitive immunoassays. In this review, we present some recent advances in understanding of the signaling by eicosanoid mediators during asthmatic airway inflammation. Eicosanoid profiling in the exhaled breath condensate, induced sputum, or their metabolites measurements in urine is complementary to the cellular phenotyping of asthmatic inflammation. Special attention is paid to aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, a phenotype of asthma manifested by the most profound changes in the profile of eicosanoids produced. A hallmark of this type of asthma with hypersensitivity to non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is to increase biosynthesis of cysteinyl leukotrienes on the systemic level. It depends on transcellular biosynthesis of leukotriene C₄ by platelets that adhere to granulocytes releasing leukotriene A₄. However, other abnormalities are also reported in this type of asthma as a resistance to anti-inflammatory activity of prostaglandin E₂ or a robust eosinophil interferon-γ response resulting in cysteinyl leukotrienes production. A novel mechanism is also discussed in which an isoprostane structurally related to prostaglandin E₂ is released into exhaled breath condensate during a provoked asthmatic attack. However, it is concluded that any single eicosanoid or even their complex profile can hardly provide a thorough explanation for the mechanism of asthmatic inflammation.

PMID: 27582398 [PubMed]

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Factors Predicting Recovery From Asthma Exacerbations.

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Factors Predicting Recovery From Asthma Exacerbations.

Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2016 Nov;8(6):479-80

Authors: Jung CG, Park HS

PMID: 27582397 [PubMed]

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The effect of C1 bursting fracture on comparative anatomical relationship between the internal carotid artery and the atlas.

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The effect of C1 bursting fracture on comparative anatomical relationship between the internal carotid artery and the atlas.

Eur Spine J. 2016 Jan;25(1):103-9

Authors: Kim MS, Kim JY, Kim IS, Cho KS, Kim SD, Lee HJ, Kim JT, Hong JT

Abstract
PURPOSE: To describe the effect of the C1 bursting fracture on the location of the internal carotid artery (ICA) around the atlas.
METHODS: The authors analyzed the morphology of the atlas and the ICA in 15 patients with C1 bursting fracture and compared with control group (77 patients) without any pathology. All patients were evaluated with CT angiography for the anatomical assessment. The laterality of the ICA, the distances of the ICA from the midline, anterior tubercle, and ventral surface of the C1 lateral mass were compared between two groups. The distance between the lateral margin of the longus capitis muscle and the inner edge of the transverse foramen was also measured.
RESULTS: Medially located ICA was more common in the C1 bursting fracture group than control group (76.7 vs 42.8 %). There were no significant differences between 2 groups for the distance from the midline, anterior tubercle, and ventral surface of the C1 lateral mass, respectively. The distance of the longus capitis muscle to transverse foramen was 2.52 ± 2.09 and 4.15 ± 3.09 mm in each group, and there was statistically significant difference (p < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: Lateral displacement of the bony structure of C1 bursting fracture changes the relative location of the ICA medially, which increase the injury risk during the bicortical C1 screw insertion. These data suggest that CT angiography or enhanced CT scans can give critical information to choose the ideal fixation technique and the proper trajectory of the screws for C1 bursting fracture.

PMID: 25753004 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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[Not Available].

[Not Available].

HNO. 2016 Sep;64(9):622-3

Authors:

PMID: 27580994 [PubMed - in process]

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[Head and neck swelling after a visit to the dentist].

[Head and neck swelling after a visit to the dentist].

HNO. 2016 Aug 31;

Authors: Podzimek J, Jecker P

PMID: 27580885 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Identification of the most significant electrode positions in electromyographic evaluation of swallowing-related movements in humans.

Identification of the most significant electrode positions in electromyographic evaluation of swallowing-related movements in humans.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Aug 31;

Authors: Zaretsky E, Pluschinski P, Sader R, Birkholz P, Neuschaefer-Rube C, Hey C

Abstract
Surface electromyography (sEMG) is a well-established procedure for recording swallowing-related muscle activities. Because the use of a large number of sEMG channels is time consuming and technically sophisticated, the aim of this study was to identify the most significant electrode positions associated with oropharyngeal swallowing activities. Healthy subjects (N = 16) were tested with a total of 42 channels placed in M. masseter, M. orbicularis oris, submental and paralaryngeal regions. Each test subject swallowed 10 ml of water five times. After having identified 16 optimal electrode positions, that is, positions with the strongest signals quantified by the highest integral values, differences to 26 other ones were determined by a Mann-Whitney U test. Kruskal-Wallis H test was utilized for the analysis of differences between single subjects, subject subgroups, and single electrode positions. Factors associated with sEMG signals were examined in a linear regression. Sixteen electrode positions were chosen by a simple ranking of integral values. These positions delivered significantly higher signals than the other 26 positions. Differences between single electrode positions and between test subjects were also significant. Sixteen most significant positions were identified which represent swallowing-related muscle potentials in healthy subjects.

PMID: 27581722 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Delayed diagnosis of sinonasal lymphoma due to bilateral manifestation.

Delayed diagnosis of sinonasal lymphoma due to bilateral manifestation.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Aug 31;

Authors: Kiessling SY, Soyka MB, Huber GF, Holzmann D, Laske RD

Abstract
The objective of this study is to analyze the presenting symptoms, the time to correct diagnosis and outcome of a European patient cohort with sinonasal lymphoma focusing on unilateral vs. bilateral sinonasal involvement. In a retrospective setting in a European tertiary referral center, eleven patients (9 males, 2 females) with sinonasal lymphoma diagnosed between 2002 and 2015 were identified and divided into a unilateral and bilateral group according to their CT finding. Clinical findings on first presentation, the presence of B symptoms, the radiologic findings, overall survival and disease-specific survival were assessed. 55 % of the patients suffered from bilateral manifestation, which was associated with a delayed diagnosis (10 vs. 1.5 months, p < 0.05). B symptoms (67 vs. 0 %) and death of disease (50 vs. 0 %) were observed only in the bilateral group. Nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma was the most frequent diagnosis, followed by diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Bilateral mucosal manifestation with B symptoms was shown to be common within the rare entity of sinonasal lymphomas and patients with bilateral sinonasal manifestation are at risk for a delayed diagnosis with worse outcome.

PMID: 27581721 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Primary pituitary lymphoma: an update of the literature.

Primary pituitary lymphoma: an update of the literature.

J Neurooncol. 2016 Aug 31;

Authors: Tarabay A, Cossu G, Berhouma M, Levivier M, Daniel RT, Messerer M

Abstract
Primary intracranial lymphomas (Weller et al. in Neuro Oncol 14(12):1481-1484, 2012) are an emerging disease and an isolated localization in the pituitary gland i.e. primary pituitary lymphoma (PPL) represents a rare condition. We present an update of the most recent evidence for PPL through a systematic review of the literature. A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed database up to October 2015. The population was defined as immunocompetent patients with a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of PPL. Patients' characteristics, clinical presentation, radiological features, pathology reports, adjuvant treatment and follow-up data were analyzed. We reported one case of PPL and included our data in this analysis. A total of 33 cases of PPL were identified, including ours. A slight not significant female prevalence was evident, with a mean age of 59 years at diagnosis. Visual troubles and headaches were the most common presenting symptoms. About 80 % of patients presented a cranial nerve (CN) deficit. The most frequently involved were the II and III CN. Anterior hypopituitarism was present in 70 % of cases and a diabetes insipidus in 36 % of cases. PPL was rarely limited to the sella and most often extended to the suprasellar and parasellar space. 70 % of cases underwent resection, 21 % a biopsy. A B-cell lymphoma was isolated in 82 % of cases, a T-cell lymphoma in 15 % and a NK/T cell lymphoma in one case. Overall mean survival rate was 14.4 months (95 % confidence interval 9.0-19.8 months) and there was no difference in terms of survival rates when patients were stratified according to the treatment they received. PPL is an emerging clinical entity. Literature data are too scarce to allow the definition of specific protocols of treatment and the management is based on the guidelines present for PCNSL. The role of surgery aiming at a complete resection of PPL should be reevaluated in wider studies including only this category of patients, to establish the real role of each therapeutic strategy.

PMID: 27581598 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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[A case of bilateral ophthalmoplegia caused by focal idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis on the anterior cranial fossa].

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[A case of bilateral ophthalmoplegia caused by focal idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis on the anterior cranial fossa].

Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2015;55(1):33-6

Authors: Teramoto H, Hara M, Morita A, Kamei S

Abstract
A previously healthy 63-year-old man presented with a 2-weeks history of diplopia without headache. Neurological examination revealed total external ophthalmoplegia of the left eye and limitation of abduction of the right eye. Initial cranial MRI showed thickening and enhancement of the dura mater only on the anterior cranial fossa but unremarkable on the cavernous sinus. Idiopathic hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis was diagnosed in the absence of demonstrable underlying infective, neoplastic, or systemic autoimmune disease by his clinical findings, laboratory tests and radiological examinations. Corticosteroid therapy was initiated with methylprednisolone (1,000 mg/day for 3 days), followed by oral prednisolone and tapering off. Eye movements improved with treatment and completely recovered within 4 weeks after starting administration, and cranial MRI at the 15 days after starting treatment showed improvement. We suggest that his ophthalmoplegia was caused by the inflammation of dura on the cavernous sinus beyond the thickening lesion of cranial MRI. In a case of bilateral ophthalmoplegia with or without headache, it is required to examine the dural thickening and enhancement on the anterior cranial fossa by cranial MRI.

PMID: 25672863 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Metabolic variations in normal and fibrotic human laryngotracheal-derived fibroblasts: A Warburg-like effect.

Metabolic variations in normal and fibrotic human laryngotracheal-derived fibroblasts: A Warburg-like effect.

Laryngoscope. 2016 Sep 1;

Authors: Ma G, Samad I, Motz K, Yin LX, Duvvuri MV, Ding D, Namba DR, Elisseeff JH, Horton MR, Hillel AT

Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) is a chronic fibrotic disease characterized by fibroblast proliferation, collagen deposition, and matrix remodeling in the lamina propria of the larynx and/or trachea. Current medical therapies are limited by a poor understanding of the effector cell's (fibroblasts) cellular biology and metabolism. The purpose of this study was to compare cellular proliferation, function, and metabolism between normal and LTS-derived fibroblasts in vitro. We hypothesize that LTS-derived fibroblasts will demonstrate aberrant behavior with faster proliferation, increased collagen production, and altered metabolic allocation compared with normal fibroblasts.
STUDY DESIGN: In vitro comparative analysis.
METHODS: Human biopsies of normal and iatrogenic LTS tissue (n = 7) were obtained, and fibroblasts were isolated and cultured in vitro. Cellular proliferation, cellular histology, gene expression, and metabolic analyses were performed. Statistical analyses comparing normal and scar-derived fibroblasts were performed.
RESULTS: LTS fibroblast proliferation rate, cellular surface area, and collagen-1 expression were increased compared to normal fibroblasts. Cellular metabolic analysis of LTS-derived fibroblasts demonstrated reduced oxidative phosphorylation and increased glycolysis/oxidative phosphorylation ratio compared with normal fibroblasts.
CONCLUSIONS: Human iatrogenic LTS-derived fibroblasts demonstrated aberrant behavior when compared with normal fibroblasts. A Warburg-like effect was revealed, suggesting human iatrogenic LTS fibroblasts drive their proliferation with aerobic glycolysis. The distinct metabolism suggests metabolic inhibitors could reduce fibroblast hyperplasia and hypertrophy in LTS and fibrosis in general.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NA Laryngoscope, 2016.

PMID: 27585358 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Physical and virtual modelling of the head and neck for surgical simulation and training.

Physical and virtual modelling of the head and neck for surgical simulation and training.

Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016 Aug 31;

Authors: Dirven S, Allen J

Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Investigation and surgical manipulation of the larynx, pharynx, and oesophagus suffer from inherent challenges with access to the sites of interest. To reduce trauma and external scarring, visualization and minimally invasive interventions by the transnasal or transoral routes have become more prevalent. This article discusses engineering methods used to understand and overcome the mechanical constraints inside the airway and upper gastrointestinal tract, and examines the role that robotics and engineering are beginning to play in modelling of surgical interventions in this region.
RECENT FINDINGS: Although robotic solutions to minimally invasive surgery of the airway and upper gastrointestinal tract already exist, there is still scope for increasing the breadth of their use. Physical and virtual models of these organs are used to investigate the capability and limitations of manual and robotic surgical interventions in this region. Understanding the tissue mechanics and tool capabilities is central to improving outcomes in the clinical setting. Both physical and virtual modelling modalities are used in training surgeons for both manual-assisted and robot-assisted surgeries.
SUMMARY: Minimally invasive surgical interventions via the transnasal and the transoral route are strong candidates for overcoming access issues to the airway. They are likely to become more robotically driven as the demand for higher dexterity and accuracy increases for fine manipulation. Physical and virtual organ models are required to enable surgical training for these procedures.

PMID: 27585079 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Tissue engineering in the larynx and airway.

Tissue engineering in the larynx and airway.

Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016 Aug 31;

Authors: Hertegård S

Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Tissue engineering is a rapidly expanding field in medicine and involves regeneration and restoration of many organs, including larynx and the airways. Currently, this is not included in routine practice; however, a number of clinical trials in humans are ongoing or starting. This review will cover publications during the past 2 years and the focus is on larynx and trachea.
RECENT FINDINGS: Recent reports concern the development and investigations of cell therapies, including biological factors such as growth factors which promote healing of damage and increased vascular support of the tissue. A separate section concerns studies of stromal cells and stem cells in tissue engineering. Cell therapies and treatment with biological active factors are often combined with the development of scaffolds to support or reconstruct the soft tissue in the larynx or the cartilages in trachea or larynx. New techniques for scaffold construction, such as 3D printing, are developed. The trend in the recent publications is to combine these methods.
SUMMARY: Recent advances in tissue engineering of the larynx and trachea include the development of cell therapies or treatment with biological active factors often in combination with scaffolds.

PMID: 27585078 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Role of the Internal Superior Laryngeal Nerve in the Motor Responses of Vocal Cords and the Related Voice Acoustic Changes.

Role of the Internal Superior Laryngeal Nerve in the Motor Responses of Vocal Cords and the Related Voice Acoustic Changes.

Iran J Med Sci. 2016 Sep;41(5):374-81

Authors: Seifpanahi S, Izadi F, Jamshidi AA, Torabinezhad F, Sarrafzadeh J, Mohammadi S

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Repeated efforts by researchers to impose voice changes by laryngeal surface electrical stimulation (SES) have come to no avail. This present pre-experimental study employed a novel method for SES application so as to evoke the motor potential of the internal superior laryngeal nerve (ISLN) and create voice changes.
METHODS: Thirty-two normal individuals (22 females and 10 males) participated in this study. The subjects were selected from the students of Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2014. Two monopolar active electrodes were placed on the thyrohyoid space at the location of the ISLN entrance to the larynx and 1 dispersive electrode was positioned on the back of the neck. A current with special programmed parameters was applied to stimulate the ISLN via the active electrodes and simultaneously the resultant acoustic changes were evaluated. All the means of the acoustic parameters during SES and rest periods were compared using the paired t-test.
RESULTS: The findings indicated significant changes (P=0.00) in most of the acoustic parameters during SES presentation compared to them at rest. The mean of fundamental frequency standard deviation (SD F0) at rest was 1.54 (SD=0.55) versus 4.15 (SD=3.00) for the SES period. The other investigated parameters comprised fundamental frequency (F0), minimum F0, jitter, shimmer, harmonic-to-noise ratio (HNR), mean intensity, and minimum intensity.
CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrated significant changes in most of the important acoustic features, suggesting that the stimulation of the ISLN via SES could induce motor changes in the vocal folds. The clinical applicability of the method utilized in the current study in patients with vocal fold paralysis requires further research.

PMID: 27582586 [PubMed]

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Clinical Features and Outcome of Dogs with Epiglottic Retroversion With or Without Surgical Treatment: 24 Cases.

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Clinical Features and Outcome of Dogs with Epiglottic Retroversion With or Without Surgical Treatment: 24 Cases.

J Vet Intern Med. 2015 Nov-Dec;29(6):1611-8

Authors: Skerrett SC, McClaran JK, Fox PR, Palma D

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Published information describing the clinical features and outcome for dogs with epiglottic retroversion (ER) is limited.
HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To describe clinical features, comorbidities, outcome of surgical versus medical treatment and long-term follow-up for dogs with ER. We hypothesized that dogs with ER would have upper airway comorbidities and that surgical management (epiglottopexy or subtotal epiglottectomy) would improve long-term outcome compared to medical management alone.
ANIMALS: Twenty-four client-owned dogs.
METHODS: Retrospective review of medical records to identify dogs with ER that underwent surgical or medical management of ER.
RESULTS: Dogs with ER commonly were middle-aged to older, small breed, spayed females with body condition score (BCS) ≥6/9. Stridor and dyspnea were the most common presenting signs. Concurrent or historical upper airway disorders were documented in 79.1% of cases. At last evaluation, 52.6% of dogs that underwent surgical management, and 60% of dogs that received medical management alone, had decreased severity of presenting clinical signs. In dogs that underwent surgical management for ER, the incidence of respiratory crisis decreased from 62.5% before surgery to 25% after surgical treatment. The overall calculated Kaplan-Meier median survival time was 875 days.
CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Our study indicated that a long-term survival of at least 2 years can be expected in dogs diagnosed with epiglottic retroversion. The necessity of surgical management cannot be determined based on this data, but dogs with no concurrent upper airway disorders may benefit from a permanent epiglottopexy to alleviate negative inspiratory pressures.

PMID: 26449284 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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GLAST Deficiency in Mice Exacerbates Gap Detection Deficits in a Model of Salicylate-Induced Tinnitus.

GLAST Deficiency in Mice Exacerbates Gap Detection Deficits in a Model of Salicylate-Induced Tinnitus.

Front Behav Neurosci. 2016;10:158

Authors: Yu H, Vikhe Patil K, Han C, Fabella B, Canlon B, Someya S, Cederroth CR

Abstract
Gap detection or gap pre-pulse inhibition of the acoustic startle (GPIAS) has been successfully used in rat and guinea pig models of tinnitus, yet this system has been proven to have low efficacy in CBA mice, with low basal GPIAS and subtle tinnitus-like effects. Here, we tested five mouse strains (CBA, BalbC, CD-1, C57BL/6 and 129sv) for pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) and gap detection with varying interstimulus intervals (ISI) and found that mice from a CBA genetic background had the poorest capacities of suppressing the startle response in the presence of a pre-pulse or a gap. CD-1 mice displayed variable responses throughout all ISI. Interestingly, C57BL/6, 129sv and BalbC showed efficient suppression with either pre-pulses or gaps with shorter ISI. The glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) is expressed in support cells from the cochlea and buffers the excess of glutamate. We hypothesized that loss of GLAST function could sensitize the ear to tinnitus-inducing agents, such as salicylate. Using shorter ISI to obtain a greater dynamic range to assess tinnitus-like effects, we found that disruption of gap detection by salicylate was exacerbated across various intensities of a 32-kHz narrow band noise gap carrier in GLAST knockout (KO) mice when compared to their wild-type (WT) littermates. Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) and distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) were performed to evaluate the effects on hearing functions. Salicylate caused greater auditory threshold shifts (near 15 dB) in GLAST KO mice than in WT mice across all tested frequencies, despite similarly reduced DPOAE. Despite these changes, inhibition using broad-band gap carriers and 32 kHz pre-pulses were not affected. Our study suggests that GLAST deficiency could become a useful experimental model to decipher the mechanisms underlying drug-induced tinnitus. Future studies addressing the neurological correlates of tinnitus in this model could provide additional insights into the mechanisms of tinnitus.

PMID: 27582696 [PubMed]

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The Articulatory Phonetics of /r/ for Residual Speech Errors.

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The Articulatory Phonetics of /r/ for Residual Speech Errors.

Semin Speech Lang. 2015 Nov;36(4):257-70

Authors: Boyce SE

Abstract
Effective treatment for children with residual speech errors (RSEs) requires in-depth knowledge of articulatory phonetics, but this level of detail may not be provided as part of typical clinical coursework. At a time when new imaging technologies such as ultrasound continue to inform our clinical understanding of speech disorders, incorporating contemporary work in the basic articulatory sciences into clinical training becomes especially important. This is particularly the case for the speech sound most likely to persist among children with RSEs-the North American English rhotic sound, /r/. The goal of this article is to review important information about articulatory phonetics as it affects children with RSE who present with /r/ production difficulties. The data presented are largely drawn from ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging studies. This information will be placed in a clinical context by comparing productions of typical adult speakers to successful versus misarticulated productions of two children with persistent /r/ difficulties.

PMID: 26458201 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Cognitive Factors and Residual Speech Errors: Basic Science, Translational Research, and Some Clinical Frameworks.

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Cognitive Factors and Residual Speech Errors: Basic Science, Translational Research, and Some Clinical Frameworks.

Semin Speech Lang. 2015 Nov;36(4):247-56

Authors: Eaton CT

Abstract
This article explores the theoretical and empirical relationships between cognitive factors and residual speech errors (RSEs). Definitions of relevant cognitive domains are provided, as well as examples of formal and informal tasks that may be appropriate in assessment. Although studies to date have been limited in number and scope, basic research suggests that cognitive flexibility, short- and long-term memory, and self-monitoring may be areas of weakness in this population. Preliminary evidence has not supported a relationship between inhibitory control, attention, and RSEs; however, further studies that control variables such as language ability and temperament are warranted. Previous translational research has examined the effects of self-monitoring training on residual speech errors. Although results have been mixed, some findings suggest that children with RSEs may benefit from the inclusion of this training. The article closes with a discussion of clinical frameworks that target cognitive skills, including self-monitoring and attention, as a means of facilitating speech sound change.

PMID: 26458200 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Perception of Speech Sounds in School-Aged Children with Speech Sound Disorders.

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Perception of Speech Sounds in School-Aged Children with Speech Sound Disorders.

Semin Speech Lang. 2015 Nov;36(4):224-33

Authors: Preston JL, Irwin JR, Turcios J

Abstract
Children with speech sound disorders may perceive speech differently than children with typical speech development. The nature of these speech differences is reviewed with an emphasis on assessing phoneme-specific perception for speech sounds that are produced in error. Category goodness judgment, or the ability to judge accurate and inaccurate tokens of speech sounds, plays an important role in phonological development. The software Speech Assessment and Interactive Learning System, which has been effectively used to assess preschoolers' ability to perform goodness judgments, is explored for school-aged children with residual speech errors (RSEs). However, data suggest that this particular task may not be sensitive to perceptual differences in school-aged children. The need for the development of clinical tools for assessment of speech perception in school-aged children with RSE is highlighted, and clinical suggestions are provided.

PMID: 26458198 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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