Communication restriction in adults who stutter: Part II.

Communication restriction in adults who stutter: Part II.

Clin Linguist Phon. 2016 Apr 6;:1-22

Authors: Lee A, Robb M, van Dulm O, Ormond T

Abstract
This article presents a follow-up study to Lee, van Dulm, Robb, and Ormond (2015). The aim was to explore communication restriction in adults with stuttering (AWS) using typical language measures and systemic functional linguistics (SFL) analyses. The article compared the pre- and post-treatment performance of AWS in language productivity and complexity, transitivity, modality, appraisal, and theme. Ten-minute conversational samples were obtained from 20 AWS before and after participation in intensive stuttering treatment. Transcripts were analysed for quantity and complexity of verbal output, and frequency of transitivity, modality, appraisal and theme resources. Between pre- and post-treatment, the following differences were observed: (1) a significant increase in frequency of modal operators, and trends approaching significance for (2) increased language complexity (3) increased language expressing appraisal. These changes suggest increased flexibility of language use in AWS following treatment, particularly towards interpersonal engagement. The value of SFL to this area of research is discussed.

PMID: 27050117 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Categorization of common sounds by cochlear implanted and normal hearing adults.

Categorization of common sounds by cochlear implanted and normal hearing adults.

Hear Res. 2016 Apr 2;

Authors: Collett E, Marx M, Gaillard P, Roby B, Fraysse B, Deguine O, Barone P

Abstract
Auditory categorization involves grouping of acoustic events along one or more shared perceptual dimensions which can relate to both semantic and physical attributes. This process involves both high level cognitive processes (categorization) and low-level perceptual encoding of the acoustic signal, both of which are affected by the use of a cochlear implant (CI) device. The goal of this study was twofold: I) compare the categorization strategies of CI users and normal hearing listeners (NHL) II) investigate if any characteristics of the raw acoustic signal could explain the results. 16 experienced CI users and 20 NHL were tested using a Free-Sorting Task of 16 common sounds divided into 3 predefined categories of environmental, musical and vocal sounds. Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) and Hierarchical Clustering based on Principal Components (HCPC) show that CI users followed a similar categorization strategy to that of NHL and were able to discriminate between the three different types of sounds. However results for CI users were more varied and showed less inter-participant agreement. Acoustic analysis also highlighted the average pitch salience and average autocorrelation peak as being important for the perception and categorization of the sounds. The results therefore show that on a broad level of categorization CI users may not have as many difficulties as previously thought in discriminating certain kinds of sound; however the perception of individual sounds remains challenging.

PMID: 27050944 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"[jour]; +17 new citations

17 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"[jour]

These pubmed results were generated on 2016/04/07

PubMed comprises more than 24 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

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Paucity of HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancers (HNC) in Nigeria.

Paucity of HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancers (HNC) in Nigeria.

PLoS One. 2016;11(4):e0152828

Authors: Oga EA, Schumaker LM, Alabi BS, Obaseki D, Umana A, Bassey IA, Ebughe G, Oluwole O, Akeredolu T, Adebamowo SN, Dakum P, Cullen K, Adebamowo CA

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The burden of HPV-related Head and Neck Cancers (HNC) has been rising in the U.S. and other developed countries but this trend has not been reported in Africa. Objective of study was to evaluate the prevalence of HPV infection in HNC cancer cases seen between 1990 and 2011 at the tertiary health care institutions in Nigeria.
METHODS: We retrieved 149 head and neck cancer formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tumor specimens diagnosed between 1990 and 2011 from four teaching hospitals in Nigeria. One hundred and twenty-three blocks (83%) contained appropriate HNC for analysis while DNA extraction was successful in 60% (90/149). PCR amplification was successful in 33% (49/149) and Linear Array genotyping for HPV was successful in 11% (17/149) of these cases. These were in tumors from the larynx (6), cervical lymph nodes (3), nasal cavity (2), parotid (1), palate (1), maxillary sinus (1) and mandible (1). Two cases were non-specific and none were from the oropharynx. Histologically, 41% (7/17) of the successfully genotyped blocks were squamous cell carcinomas (larynx 6, maxillary sinus 1).
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: We were unable to detect HPV in any of the HNC samples in our study. Our result may suggest that there is a low prevalence of HPV-related HNC among the adult population in Nigeria. Our results provide a benchmark to compare future incidence of HPV -related HNC in this community in future. We had significant analytical challenges from possible poor tissue processing and urge that future studies should prospectively collect samples and ensure high quality sample processing.

PMID: 27050815 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Optogenetic control of contractile function in skeletal muscle.

Related Articles

Optogenetic control of contractile function in skeletal muscle.

Nat Commun. 2015;6:7153

Authors: Bruegmann T, van Bremen T, Vogt CC, Send T, Fleischmann BK, Sasse P

Abstract
Optogenetic stimulation allows activation of cells with high spatial and temporal precision. Here we show direct optogenetic stimulation of skeletal muscle from transgenic mice expressing the light-sensitive channel Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2). Largest tetanic contractions are observed with 5-ms light pulses at 30 Hz, resulting in 84% of the maximal force induced by electrical stimulation. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by selectively stimulating with a light guide individual intralaryngeal muscles in explanted larynges from ChR2-transgenic mice, which enables selective opening and closing of the vocal cords. Furthermore, systemic injection of adeno-associated virus into wild-type mice provides sufficient ChR2 expression for optogenetic opening of the vocal cords. Thus, direct optogenetic stimulation of skeletal muscle generates large force and provides the distinct advantage of localized and cell-type-specific activation. This technology could be useful for therapeutic purposes, such as restoring the mobility of the vocal cords in patients suffering from laryngeal paralysis.

PMID: 26035411 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Analysis of Outcome Domains in Adult Cochlear Implantation: A Systematic Review.

Analysis of Outcome Domains in Adult Cochlear Implantation: A Systematic Review.

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016 Apr 5;

Authors: Vila PM, Hullar TE, Buchman CA, Lieu JE

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To determine the breadth of outcome domains used in the reporting of adult cochlear implant surgery for the purpose of registry and quality measure development.
DATA SOURCES: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
REVIEW METHODS: In consultation with a medical librarian, search strategies were constructed to identify randomized controlled trials studying adults undergoing cochlear implantation. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects were searched from database inception to July 2015. Studies were evaluated for level of evidence and risk of bias with the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias Tool, and outcome domains were extracted from each study.
RESULTS: Of 4473 unique citations found, 8 studies were included in this review. All 8 trials were evidence level 1B. Risk of bias was low in 2 trials and high in the other 6. Reported outcome domains included speech perception in quiet and noise, speech tracking, quality of life, timbre perception, hearing preservation, vestibular function, electrode insertion technique, functional measures, functional imaging, fitting time, and tinnitus.
CONCLUSIONS: An analysis of randomized controlled trials studying cochlear implantation in adults yielded a wide spectrum of outcome domains. This is the first study to comprehensively describe the breadth of outcome domains in adult cochlear implantation. Validated instruments from these domains could be considered for potential inclusion as quality measures and registry use.

PMID: 27048664 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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[In Process Citation].

[In Process Citation].

Laryngorhinootologie. 2015 Dec;94(12):808-9

Authors: Neumann A, Sudhoff H

PMID: 27049154 [PubMed - in process]

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[In Process Citation].

[In Process Citation].

Laryngorhinootologie. 2015 Dec;94(12):806-7

Authors: Neudert M, Schäfer P

PMID: 27049153 [PubMed - in process]

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Comparing auditory steady-state responses amplitude evoked by simultaneous air- and bone-conducted stimulation in newborns.

Comparing auditory steady-state responses amplitude evoked by simultaneous air- and bone-conducted stimulation in newborns.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Apr 6;:1-5

Authors: Torres-Fortuny A, Hernández-Pérez H, Ramírez B, Alonso I, Eimil E, Guerrero-Aranda A, Mijares E

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential interactions of the simultaneous presentation of air- and bone-conducted stimuli on auditory steady-state responses (ASSR) amplitude in newborns.
DESIGN: Bone- and air-conducted stimuli were sinusoidal carrier tones of 500 and 2000 Hz respectively modulated in amplitude (95% depth). Air- and bone- conducted stimuli were either simultaneously recorded in the same ear using insert earphones and bone vibrator respectively, or recorded individually (single stimulation).
STUDY SAMPLE: Sixty-nine well babies (135 ears) with ages ranging from 1 to 16 days (mean of 9.2 ± 7.9 days) were tested in this study.
RESULTS: No significant changes in ASSR amplitude by air-conducted stimuli were observed when evoked by simultaneous or single stimulation. The same trend prevailed for ASSR amplitudes evoked by bone-conducted stimuli.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that the simultaneous stimulation of air-and bone-conducted stimuli does not alter ASSR amplitude values in well babies. Therefore, the results support the use of this technique as a potential hearing screening tool to discriminate between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss.

PMID: 27049922 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Speech recognition outcomes following bilateral cochlear implantation in adults aged over 50 years old.

Speech recognition outcomes following bilateral cochlear implantation in adults aged over 50 years old.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Apr 6;:1-6

Authors: Boisvert I, McMahon CM, Dowell RC

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the speech recognition benefit of bilateral cochlear implantation over unilateral implantation in adults aged over 50 years old, and to identify potential predictors of successful bilateral implantation in this group.
DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study using data collected during standard clinical practice. Bilateral performance was compared to the unilateral performance with the first and second implanted ear and examined in relation to potential predictive variables.
STUDY SAMPLE: Sixty-seven cochlear implant users who received a second implant after the age of 50 years old.
RESULTS: Participants obtained significantly greater speech recognition scores with the use of bilateral cochlear implants compared to the use of each individual implant. The score obtained with the first implanted ear was the most reliable predictor of the score obtained with the second and with bilateral implants.
CONCLUSIONS: Older adults can obtain speech recognition benefits from sequential bilateral cochlear implantation.

PMID: 27049835 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Fossa navicularis magna detection on cone-beam computed tomography.

Fossa navicularis magna detection on cone-beam computed tomography.

Imaging Sci Dent. 2016 Mar;46(1):47-51

Authors: Syed AZ, Mupparapu M

Abstract
Herein, we report and discuss the detection of fossa navicularis magna, a close radiographic anatomic variant of canalis basilaris medianus of the basiocciput, as an incidental finding in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging. The CBCT data of the patients in question were referred for the evaluation of implant sites and to rule out pathology in the maxilla and mandible. CBCT analysis showed osseous, notch-like defects on the inferior aspect of the clivus in all four cases. The appearance of fossa navicularis magna varied among the cases. In some, it was completely within the basiocciput and mimicked a small rounded, corticated, lytic defect, whereas it appeared as a notch in others. Fossa navicularis magna is an anatomical variant that occurs on the inferior aspect of the clivus. The pertinent literature on the anatomical variations occurring in this region was reviewed.

PMID: 27051639 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Orbitozygomatic craniotomy in three pieces: tips and tricks.

Orbitozygomatic craniotomy in three pieces: tips and tricks.

Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2016 Mar;74(3):228-234

Authors: Chaddad Neto F, Doria Netto HL, Campos Filho JM, Reghin Neto M, Silva-Costa MD, Oliveira E

Abstract
Objective Didactically describe the orbitozygomatic craniotomy made in three pieces. Method This approach was performed, from 2002 to 2011, in 49 patients admitted at Beneficência Portuguesa of São Paulo Hospital. Results Twenty-seven patients had vascular lesions and twenty-two suffered for intracranial skull base tumors. The vascular lesions varied from cavernous angiomas inside the mesencephalum, high bifurcation basilar tip aneurysms, superior cerebellar arteries aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations in the interpeduncular cistern. Skull base tumors as meningiomas, interpeduncular hamartomas and third ventricle floor gliomas were among the neoplastic lesions approached. We had no permanent injuries and minimal transient complications had occurred. Conclusion It is a descriptive text, organized in the sequence of the main stages in which such a craniotomy is performed, describing in details the technique in which this group of evolutionarily authors came to accomplish the task.

PMID: 27050853 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Transclival injury after routine transnasal rhinological surgery.

Transclival injury after routine transnasal rhinological surgery.

Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2016 Mar 21;145:1-5

Authors: Al-Afif S, Nakamura M, Lenarz T, Krauss JK

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Routine transnasal rhinological procedures are widely practiced and are considered as safe, in general. Skull base lesions occur in less than 1% of procedures and typically involve the anterior or middle cranial fossa, while clivus lesions have not been well documented. Here we present a series of three patients with iatrogenic transclival lesions after routine transnasal rhinological procedures.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three patients with penetrating clivus injuries after routine transnasal rhinological procedures were identified. All patients had undergone transnasal rhinological surgery at other hospitals and two of them were referred for emergency treatment. Patients were managed within an interdisciplinary context.
RESULTS: There were two women and one man. Mean age at surgery was 35 years. All operations had been performed under general anaesthesia. In only one instance, perforation of the clivus had been noticed during surgery by the ENT physician, while it went unnoticed in the other two patients. In one patient, no intracranial injury occurred secondary to the clivus fracture, while two patients had extensive brainstem lesions. The first patient survived without deficits, but one patient succumbed to the brainstem injury and the other remained with severe deficits. Risk factors including anatomical variants or distorted morphology were present in all patients.
CONCLUSION: Transnasal rhinological procedures can result in penetrating clivus injuries, which may not be noticed during surgery, but which can result in permanent morbidity or mortality. These lesions are obviously very rare and their true incidence remains unknown.

PMID: 27050106 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Craniocervical Pneumatization: Estimation of Prevalence and Imaging of Treatment Response.

Craniocervical Pneumatization: Estimation of Prevalence and Imaging of Treatment Response.

Otol Neurotol. 2016 Apr 2;

Authors: Tomblinson CM, Deep NL, Weindling SM, Lane JI, Scheibler LS, Barrs DM, Hoxworth JM

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Estimate the prevalence of craniocervical pneumatization (CCP) and describe successful treatment of this condition with clinical and radiologic correlation.
PATIENTS: Individuals with documented CCP on computed tomography (CT).
INTERVENTION(S): CT scans of the head, temporal bone, face, neck, and cervical spine. Cessation of habitual Valsalva maneuver (VM) and insertion of pressure-equalization (PE) tubes.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The prevalence of CCP on CT examinations performed during two decades in a large academic healthcare system. Documentation of symptomatic and imaging improvement following treatment of CCP.
RESULTS: Radiology database review identified two cases of CCP out of a total of 636,854 head and neck CT scans (0.00031%) or 43,553 temporal bone CT scans (0.0046%). Both CCP patients were symptomatic (aural fullness, hearing loss, vertigo) and practiced habitual VM. One patient showed decreased CCP 4 months following cessation of VM, whereas the other patient improved symptomatically and demonstrated reversion of CCP to normal bone on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 3 years following PE tube placement.
CONCLUSIONS: Acquired CCP is exceedingly rare and, when successfully treated, reversion to normal bone may accompany symptom resolution.

PMID: 27050653 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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