EFFECTS OF MATERNAL IODINE NUTRITION AND THYROID STATUS ON COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN OFFSPRING: A PILOT STUDY.

EFFECTS OF MATERNAL IODINE NUTRITION AND THYROID STATUS ON COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN OFFSPRING: A PILOT STUDY.

Thyroid. 2015 Nov 20;

Authors: Moleti M, Trimarchi F, Tortorella G, Candia Longo A, Giorgianni GM, Sturniolo G, Alibrandi A, Vermiglio F

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Maternal iodine nutrition and thyroid status may influence neurocognitive development in offspring. This study investigated the effects on the Intelligence Quotient (IQ) of children born to mothers with different levels of iodine supplementation, with or without the administration of levothyroxine (LT4), prior to and during pregnancy .
PATIENTS AND METHODS: This pilot, prospective, observational study included four study groups, each comprising 15 mother-child pairs, identified on the basis of maternal histories of iodized salt consumption and LT4 treatment prior to and during pregnancy. The groups were labeled as follows: iodine (I), no-iodine (no-I), iodine+LT4 (I+T4), and no-iodine+LT4 (no-I+T4). IQ tests were administered to children at age 6-12 years with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-3rd-Edition (WISC-III) and full-scale IQ (FSIQ), verbal IQ (VIQ), and performance IQ (PIQ) being evaluated.
RESULTS: Children of I and I+T4 mothers had similar verbal, performance, and FSIQs, which were 14, 10, and 13 points higher, respectively, than children born to no-I and no I+T4 mothers. A positive association was found between VIQ and maternal urinary iodine [() = 1.023, 95% CI 1.003-1.043; p = 0.028], but not with maternal free -thyroxine (FT4) concentrations at any stage of pregnancy. Overall, the prevalence of borderline or defective cognitive function was more than 3-fold higher in the children of unsupplemented mothers than of supplemented mothers (76.9% vs. 23.1%, OR 7.667, 95%CI 2.365-24.856, χ2 = 12.65; p = 0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS: Neuro-intellectual outcomes in children appear to be more dependent on their mothers' nutritional iodine status than on maternal thyroid function. These results support the growing body of evidence that prenatal, mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency adversely affects cognitive development later in life, with a seemingly greater impact on verbal abilities.

PMID: 26586553 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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