Comparison of Lower Limb and Back Exercises for Runners with Chronic Low Back Pain.

Introduction: This single-blind randomized trial was conducted to compare the treatment effect of lower limb (LL) exercises versus conventional lumbar extensor (LE) and lumbar stabilization (LS) exercises in recreational runners with chronic low back pain (cLBP), since there is currently no specific protocol for managing runners with cLBP. Methods: 84 recreational runners with cLBP were allocated to three exercise groups (LL, LE, LS) for an 8-week intervention. Outcome measures included self-rated pain and running capability, lower limb strength, back muscles function, and running gait. Participants were assessed at pre-, mid- and end-intervention; selected outcomes also followed up at three and six months. Generalized estimating equation was adopted to examine group-by-time interaction. Results: LL group improved 0.949 points per time point in Patient Specific Functional Scale (p

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