Effects of low-level laser therapy and platelet concentrate on bone repair: Histological, histomorphometric, immunohistochemical, and radiographic study

Publication date: Available online 19 August 2017
Source:Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): Thiago Hoffman Jonasson, Rafael Zancan, Lucas de Azevedo Oliveira, Ana Claudia Fonseca, Marcela Claudino da Silva, Allan Fernando Giovanini, João Cesar Zielak, Melissa Rodrigues de Araujo
PurposeLow-level laser therapy (LLLT) can increase bone metabolism, cell proliferation, and maturation, and reduce inflammation, while platelet concentrate (PC) assists bone healing process by releasing proteins and growth factors. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of combined LLLT and PC therapy in the healing of critical-size bone defects.Materials and MethodsCalvarial critical-size defects 5 mm in diameter were made in 48 Wistar rats. Bones were removed, milled, and used as autogenous bone grafts. Animals were randomized into four groups: LP (LLLT+PC), PC, L (LLLT), and C (control, autogenous graft only). Animals were sacrificed at day 30 and 60 post-surgery. Specimens were submitted to radiographic (digital and conventional), histological, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical analyses.ResultsDigital radiography was shown to be a better image analysis method compared with conventional radiography. Histological analysis demonstrated a significant difference in bone formation between animals in group L (p=0.049) at day 60 than in other groups. Higher rates of inflammatory infiltrates and fibrosis were observed in the LP and PC groups at days 30 and 60, whereas the groups not receiving PC showed a higher rate of bone maturity. The inflammatory processes were reduced in the animals in the L group, together with new bone formation and maturation. Groups L and C had higher scores of positive osteocalcin immunostaining in bone and extracellular matrix.ConclusionsLLLT reduces inflammation and contributes to increased bone formation. PC treatment was shown to maintain connective tissue and to induce fibrosis during bone repair. Combined LLLT and PC treatment did not improve bone repair.



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