Chronic deep brain stimulation normalizes scalp EEG activity in isolated dystonia

Dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal movements and postures (Albanese et al., 2013). It is recognized as a circuit disorder involving the basal ganglia, thalamus, cortex and cerebellum (Marsden et al., 1985; Vitek et al., 1999; Neychev et al., 2011). Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus (GP; (Kupsch et al., 2006; Vidailhet et al., 2007; Volkmann et al., 2014)), subthalamic nucleus (STN; (Ostrem et al., 2011)) or thalamus (Fukaya et al., 2007; Mure et al., 2014) is able to improve dystonic symptoms, but its mechanism of action is unknown (Tisch et al., 2007; Vidailhet et al., 2013).

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