Awake emergency tracheostomy - Is it an ethical treatment modality for end of life patients?

Background: Awake tracheostomies are indicated for severe acute severe airway obstruction when other means have failed or are inappropriate. Indications for elective tracheostomies are currently defined by the American Academy of Otolaryngology; however, emergency awake tracheostomies are not routinely performed with only a few studies reported in the literature.

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