Abstract
Background
Choroid plexus carcinomas (CPCs) are rare aggressive pediatric tumors of the brain with no treatment standards. Genetic profiling of CPCs is often confined to possible association with Li–Fraumeni syndrome, though only about a half of CPCs develop from syndromic predispositions. Whole-chromosome gains and losses typical of CPCs reflect genomic instability of these tumors, but only partially explain the aggressive clinical course.
Methods
This retrospective study enrolled 25 pediatric patients with CPC, receiving treatment between January 2009 and June 2022. Molecular genetic testing was performed for 20 cases with available tumor tissue and encompassed mutational status, chromosomal aberrations and gene expression profiles. We analyzed several factors presumably influencing the outcomes, including molecular profiles and clinical parameters. The median follow-up constituted 5.2 years (absolute range 2.8–12.6 years ).
Results
All studied CPCs had smooth mutational profiles with the only recurrent event being
TP53 variants, either germline or somatic, encountered in 13 cases. Unbalanced whole-chromosome aberrations, notably multiple monosomies, were highly typical. In seven tumors, chromosome losses were combined with complex genomic rearrangements: segmental gains and losses or signs of chromothripsis. This phenomenon was associated with extremely low 5-year survival: 20.0±17.9% vs. 85.7±13.2%;
p=0.009. Transcriptomically, the cohort split into two polar clusters Ped_CPC1 and Ped_CPC2 differing by survival: 31.3±17.8% vs. 100%;
p=0.012.
Conclusion
CPCs split into at least two molecular subtypes distinguished both genomically and transcriptomically. Clusterization of the tumors into Ped_CPC1 and Ped_CPC2 significantly correlates with survival. The distinct ion may prove relevant in clinical trials for dedicated and patient-oriented optimization of clinical protocols for these rare tumors.
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