How rare is an oral presentation of myeloid sarcoma in the infant?

Publication date: Available online 21 September 2017
Source:Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): Austin Gaal, Karen M. Chisholm, Mark Egbert
Myeloid sarcoma, or chloroma, is a malignancy consisting of immature, extramedullary leukemic cells of the granulocytic lineage that was first described by Burns in 1811.¹ In 1853, King coined the term "chloroma," as the lesion commonly, but not always, develops a characteristic green color when exposed to air.² Dock was the first to associate this tumor with acute leukemia.³ The tumor is composed of granulocytic immature cells, resembling sarcoma, and it infiltrates into adjacent tissue and effaces the architecture. As such, myeloid sarcoma is a more appropriate term than chloroma.^3,4,5 myeloid sarcoma may present in virtually any organ.⁶ Approximately 50% of cases present in the skin and subcutaneous tissue.⁷ Less commonly, these lesions present in bone, with the incidence in the skeleton estimated at 10%.⁷ Initial presentation of myeloid sarcoma in the oral cavity is exceedingly rare although there have been a number case reports (Table 1)^8-70. The more recent reports and case reviews of Pau et al (2010)⁵², Zhou et al (2013)⁵⁸, and Kumar et al (2017)⁷⁰ estimate that 88 prior cases of oral MS have been reported. To our knowledge, this is the 89th case reported and the youngest patient to date (Table 1).



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