Comparison of craniodentofacial morphology of children with and without unilateral cleft lip and palate

Servet Dogan, Sultan Olmez, Ege Dogan

Journal of Cleft Lip Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies 2017 4(3):25-30

Background: This retrospective case-control study was done to investigate the cranio-dento-facial morphology of Turkish children with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate from Ege University and compare them with a normal group to highlight the effect of surgical correction on craniofacial development. Methods: 60 patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate were compared with 55 control children without cleft at mean ages of 13 and 15 years. The cleft lip was operated with modified Millard technique at 3 months, cleft palate was operated with von Langenbeck technique at 12 months. The patients were not given any orthopaedic or orthodontic treatment also. Angular and linear measurements of cranio-dento-facial complex were measured by using Dolphin Imaging 11.5 software programme, and the resulting data were evaluated statistically. Results: The children with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate had considerable morphological deviations when compared with the matched children without clefts. The most striking findings in the unilateral complete cleft lip and palate group: Maxillary and mandibular complex and nasal projections were retruded when compared with normal (P<0.001). Also, nasal airway dimensions were higher in control group (P<0.001). Soft tissue structure, especially upper lip thickness, upper and lower lip lengths were decreased (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.05, respectively) in cleft group. Maxillar anterior height was decreased (P<0.001). Besides, nasolabial angle and upper incisor inclination according to the maxillary occlusal plane (P<0.001) were increased while overjet (Mx1-Md1) were decreased (P<0.001). Conclusion: The surgical technique and the number of operations seem to be the most effective factors for maxillary retrusion in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate.

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