Controversy and consensus for primary repair of cleft lip nose deformity

Raj Kumar Manas, Shamendra Anand Sahu

Journal of Cleft Lip Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies 2017 4(3):43-49

Introduction: Correction of Cleft lip nose deformity is a difficult challenge for cleft surgeons. Though, Primary repair of cleft lip nose deformity has been accepted worldwide, there are many variations amongst surgeons involved in cleft care. To demystifying the controversy of primary correction of cleft lip nose repair, we have done an internet based survey to define consensus among surgeons. Methodology: A 15 items questionnaire was framed and sent to the all plastic surgeons of India as well as oral & maxillofacial surgeons, Head & neck, ENT & Pediatric surgeons of the country involved in cleft lip surgery. The questionnaire was categorised in the form of repairing the nose deformity with cleft lip, approach to address such deformity, secondary complications & residual deformity present and satisfactory outcome in order to make a common consensus among surgeons involved in cleft surgery. Results: Of total respondents, 91.8% were plastic surgeons and 9.3 % Oral & maxillofacial surgeons. Almost all of them(100%) felt that nose deformity is a part of cleft lip, but only 81.3% agreed for nose deformity correction at the same time of cleft lip repair. Those who performed nose correction were about 58.1%, who always addressed nose deformity whereas 38.7% performed it sometimes.68.8 % address mostly flaring of ala whereas 52.1% address depressed nasal dome also while 24% address all the deformities. The maximum group, 45.3% prefer semi-open approach; whereas almost equal group 42.1% feel closed approach is sufficient enough to address all deformities. As per age of primary correction of nose deformity, 43% do it at the age of 3-4 months along with cleft lip repair whereas 33 % wait for 6 months. Regarding extent of dissection, 31.2% believe in minimum dissection, whereas for 62.7% it varies according to deformity. 89.7% feel primary correction reduces the deformities and 54.1% people feel only 25% patients may require revision before 7 years of age. However 59.6% prefer to revise the nose correction secondarily at adolescent age. About 29.3% surgeons were satisfied with their result in almost 50-75% of their patients and equal group in their 25-50% of patients' .The main complication they encounter was residual nose deformity in about 75.8%. About 87.8% believe there is no maxillary growth disturbances following nose repair and 87.52% are in favour of doing nose correction at the time of cleft lip repair. Conclusion: To conclude, nose deformity is a part of cleft lip and should be repaired at the time of cleft lip repair. The optimum age of repair is same as for cleft lip. The approach may be "semi-open" to "closed" depending on the surgeon's expertise and experiences and extent of dissection may vary according to deformities. However, a small group of patients may require secondary correction, but it is evident that primary nasal correction reduces the deformities and it should be an integral part of cleft lip repair.

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