Synchronous Central Nervous System Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor and Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor of the Kidney: Case Report of a Long-Term Survivor and Review of the Literature

Publication date: March 2018
Source:World Neurosurgery, Volume 111
Author(s): Mohammad H. Abu Arja, Priyal Patel, Summit H. Shah, Jeffery J. Auletta, Erin K. Meyer, Suzanne E. Conley, Jennifer H. Aldrink, Jonathan A. Pindrik, Mohamed S. AbdelBaki
BackgroundAtypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) of the central nervous system (CNS) with synchronous or metachronous extra-CNS disease is a rare childhood malignancy with a dismal prognosis.Case DescriptionWe report a 7-week-old female with metastatic AT/RT and synchronous malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney who received an intensive multimodal approach combining surgical resection, intrathecal chemotherapy, and high-dose chemotherapy with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplant (PBSCT). She is currently 24 months old without any evidence of disease. In addition, we completed an extensive literature review of cases with CNS AT/RT and synchronous or metachronous extra-CNS primary tumors. To date, 31 pediatric cases have been reported, and the median overall-survival was 6 months after diagnosis. The only 3 survivors received autologous PBSCT, and 2 of these patients had complete resection of their CNS tumor.ConclusionsThe rarity of CNS AT/RT with extra-CNS primary disease and the lack of standard treatment contribute to its reported dismal prognosis. We report a case of a long-term survivor with metastatic AT/RT and synchronous extra-CNS primary tumor. Maximal surgical resection, intrathecal chemotherapy, and consolidative autologous PBSCT may improve prognosis and avoid radiation.



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