Growth and development of craniofacial structures in patients at different ages with unrepaired submucous cleft palate

Publication date: Available online 28 March 2018
Source:Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): Congcong Cao, Xue Xu, Qian Zheng, Bing Shi, Jingtao Li, Yan Wang
ObjectiveSubmucous cleft palate (SMCP) is a particular subtype of cleft palate deformities; research related to craniofacial features of patients with SMCP is comparatively rare. The study objective was cephalometric comparison of craniofacial features of patients with SMCP to non-cleft controls at different ages.Materal and methodsThe sample in this cross-sectional study was composed of two groups, SMCP patients and non-cleft controls. The primary predictor variables were study group (cleft and non-cleft) and age. Age was divided into three groups. The outcome variables of interest were craniofacial measurements. Measurements used reflect cranial length, cranial angle, maxilla sagittal length and protrusion, maxilla vertical height, pharyngeal depth, facial height, mandible length and protrusion, mandibular plane angle and intermaxillary relation. Adjusted cephalometric craniofacial measurements between the groups were compared in three age groups using generalized linear models after being adjusted for age and gender.ResultsSixty SMCP patients and sixty normal controls were included. SMCP patients and normal controls were assigned into three subgroups: T1 -, ranging from 5 to 7 years, T2 -, ranging from 9 to 11 years, and T3 -, ranging from 18 to 30 years. Patients with SMCP at 5-7 years showed shortened cranial base length, maxillary sagittal length and height, and bony pharynx depth. Patients with SMCP at 9-11 years showed smaller maxillary sagittal length, bony pharynx depth and inharmonious jaw relationship. Patients with SMCP at 18-30 years showed smaller maxillary sagittal length, height and inharmonious jaw relationship.ConclusionSMCP is associated with progressive maxillary retrognathism and reduced profile convexity from childhood to adulthood.



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