Vitamin D and primary hypothyroidism: Is there an association?

Jyothi Idiculla, Pooja Prabhu, Rekha Pradeep, Kranti Khadilkar, Subramanian Kannan

Thyroid Research and Practice 2018 15(1):34-37

Background: Association studies between the vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and hypothyroidism have given mixed results. Because of this controvery and relatively common prevalence of these two conditions, we conducted a case-control study investigating the prevalence of VDD in patients with hypothyroidism (both TPO-Ab positive and negative) and compared it with euthyroid controls. Methodology: This is a single centre cross sectional study. Adults (aged 18 years or more) of both the sexes diagnosed with primary hypothyroidism (TSH >5.1 mIU/L) were included (n = 115) along with age and sex matched euthyroid (TSH <5 mIU/ml) controls (n = 120) chosen from the outpatients' department. Biochemical parameters like Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4 (fT4), 25 hydroxy vitamin D (Vit D) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) were tested in both the groups. Results: Patients in the hypothyroid group [38 (males) and 77 (females)] had a mean (SD) age 46 (15) years, while the euthyroid control group [24 (males) and 96 (females) had a mean (SD) age of 45 (17) years. In the hypothyroid group, 96% (110/115) had VDD as compared to 90% (108/120) in the control group with a significantly lower mean Vit D level was observed in the hypothyroid group as compared to the euthyroid group (12+8.6 vs 17.49+11.89 ng/ml; P < 0.001). While 27 cases with hypothyroidism had severe VDD (Vit D levels <4.2 ng/ml) only 10 among the control group had severe VDD (OR 2.04, CI: 1.03-4.05, P < 0.05)). The mean level of Vit D in the TPO-Ab positive hypothyroid group was 10.4+7.2 ng/ml in comparison to the TPO-Ab negative group 15.3+10.3 (P = 0.004) (OR 3.39, CI:1.18-9.80; P < 0.05) 3.62). Conclusion: The vitamin D levels in patients with hypothyroidism were significantly lower compared to euthyroid controls.TPO-Ab positive patients had lower levels of vitamin D in comparison with negative

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